His Royal Highness was received at the gangway by Sir Edward Harland and Mr. Wolff, and on going on board was met at the main entrance by Mr. Thomas H. Ismay, the owner of this splendid vessel, aud to whoso steadfast support the Queen's Island shipbuilding works, and through them the city of Belfast itself, are indebted for so much of their prosperity. Simultaneously the Royal standard was unfurled at the top of tho mainmast, and so remained during the Royal stay on board.
Although the Teutonic is yet in Messrs. Harland & Wolff's hands, it was nevertheless a pleasure to see the officers and quartermasters on board in the uniform of the Naval Reserve. Accompanied by the gentlemen already named, and also by the chairman of the Harbour Board and the other Commissioners, the Prince began a careful inspection of the vessel.
His Royal Highness first proceeded by the main entrance to the lower deck staterooms, then along the forward staircase, round the large main deck staterooms to the main saloon. From the saloon he next passed to the pantry, the novel arrangements in which the Prince examined. The galley was next visited, and passing the baker's shop, the Prince next inspected the second-class staterooms. The emigrants' quarters were next visited, and then the second-class saloon. Coming out on deck the Prince inspected the steering gear, which is one of the specialties of the huge vessel.
His Royal Highness then proceeded along the main deck to the engine-room, after which he went towards the bow, where he took a look at the arrangements for heaving anchor cables, a seemingly massive structure. Returning along the opposite side of the deck the Prince proceeded to the smoking-room, which, although not in a finished state, seemed very large and roomy. Corning back along the same corridor he inspected the deck staterooms, which have also a novel arrangement of square lights, that seem to be much appreciated for ship use, and, we believe, have been utilised for the first time in a large passenger steamer. The Prince then proceeded up the main staircase, through the library, and out on to the first-class promenade deck.
At this stage Lady Harland and Mrs, Ismay had the honour of being introduced to his Royal Highness. Walking towards the stern the Prince, next passed over the second-class promenade deck, and examined the warping arrangements on the after turtle deck, and the structures upon which the guns of the steamer as an armed cruiser will be mounted. Returning along the opposite side of the promenade deck, he proceeded on to the forward turtle back, and examined the warping gear and the provision for the guns at this end of the ship also. His Royal Highness next ascended to the captain's bridge, where Mr. Walter H. Wilson, who was in charge of the vessel during the docking arrangements, had the honour of being presented to the Prince.
Everything being now in readiness the immense ship was towed into the dock and was made fast, amidst loud cheers. Mr. Musgrave then said 'His Royal Highness will now declare the dock open' and the Prince said 'have much pleasure in declaring this dock open,' which was the signal for renewed cheers.
When the Teutonic had been docked preparations were at once made for proceeding with the work of fitting in the blades of the twin-screw propellers, the magnitude of which may be estimated from the foot that the blades cost the large sum of 3,000.
Belfast News-Letter, 22 May 1899.
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Teutonic gets her screws installed in the brand new Alexandra Graving Dock. Credit: oceanlinerporn Ryan Smith. |
Teutonic was undocked on 4 June 1889 when it was reported by the Belfast News-Letter that "she is not expected that she will be ready to sail for Liverpool until about the middle of the next month." On announcing that Majestic would be launched on the 29th, the Belfast News-Letter also said: "With regard to the Teutonic, it may be mentioned that a large number of men are at present engaged in completing the fitting up of this magnificent vessel, which is expected to be finished and leave Belfast about the middle of July." It was announced, in anticipation of her completion, that Teutonic would be opened for public inspection on 15 July at a nominal charge to benefit the Belfast Royal Hospital.
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Capt. Henry Parsell, R.N.R. Credit: Ocean, Magazine of Travel, September 1889, Gjenvick-Gjønvik Archives |
It was reported on 6 June 1889 that Capt. Henry Parsell (1833-1909), presently commanding Britannic, had been appointed master of Teutonic.
The distinguished and honored Captain Henry Parsell, R.N.R., is her commander. He is a man of 56 years, having been born in 1833, in the town of Sunderland, Durham County, England, which place he must have left at a very tender age, as he received his early education at a college in Wales, and set out, when a mere stripling of fourteen, upon his career as a seaman.
His first experience being on a sailing vessel of 500 tons, trading between London and the East. After a varied and useful career of about twenty-three years, he entered, in 1870, the service of the favorite White Star Line, as second officer of the steamship Oceanic, the pioneer vessel of the line; being subsequently promoted to chief officer of the same ship; and; in due course, with speedy promotion, becoming captain of the Tropic, Gaelic, Oceanic, Adriatic, Coptic, Ionic, Britannic, and Teutonic, respectively.
Prior to the maiden trip of the last-named noble vessel, he received an honorary commission of lieutenant in the British Navy, and therefore hoists the blue ensign on whatever vessel he commands.
As far as incidents are concerned, his career has been most uneventful, being singularly fortunate in having avoided accidents, shipwrecks, or disasters of any kind, which in a great measure accounts for the confidence in which he is held not only by the company and the patrons of the line, but by ocean travelers in general.
He has navigated the Arctic, Antarctic, and all other seas, as well as all important rivers on this planet of ours. He is genial, patient, and painstaking in all he undertakes; has a pleasant word and smile for all he comes in contact with; is devoted to duty; is admired for his kindness; is every inch a mariner, in fact, what we might term an "ocean veteran," and is highly esteemed by everybody as a great sailor.
Ocean, Magazine of Travel, September 1889.
The three big tugs sent over from Liverpool to assist with the launching of Majestic on 29 June 1889 at 10:00 a.m., would, the following morning, take Teutonic from the fitting out berth alongside Alexandra Dock, down Belfast Lough to the Carrickfergus Road when she would complete storing and final preparations for her departure for Liverpool. Whilst she was being towed out to Belfast Lough on 1 July, Teutonic "took the ground abreast of the Oyster Band Buoy" at noon and remained until the following high tide and refloated her herself.
Elaborate arrangements were made to enable visitors to inspect Teutonic whilst she lay in the Lough with tenders laid on 15-16 July to convey visitors out to the ship. Arrangements for this were announced on 3 July with a steamer from Barrow leaving there at 11:00 a.m. for Teutonic and returning at 1:30 p.m; that from Fleetwood at noon, returning at 2:30 p.m., and from Liverpool at 1:00 p.m., returning 3:30 p.m., whilst from Belfast a service would be run at a flat fee of 2s. Including admission to Teutonic with sailings from Belfast Quay at 11:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m.
It was reported by the Belfast News-Letter on 6 July 1889 that "the fitting up of this magnificent White Star liner is proceeding apace, and we believe the vessel, after passing the Admiralty inspection, will take place in the great naval review which is to take place at Spithead in honour of the visit to England of the Emperor of Germany." It was further stated that "four huge Armstrong guns, each 15 feet lng, have already been fitted on her main deck, two fore and two aft. These guns are mounted on the turret system, and are of the quick-firing class, capable of carrying five miles and rifling a nine-inch armour plate."
On 3 July 1889 the first sailing lists were published in newspapers showing Teutonic's maiden voyage to New York from Liverpool on Wednesday, 7 August
All the preparations for the public inspection of Teutonic 14-15 July 1889 were cancelled on the 12th "in consequence of the holidays interfering with their work Harland & Wolff are unable to prepare Teutonic for public inspection…"
Plans for the trial cruise of Teutonic proceeded apace, however, and scheduled to depart Belfast on 27 July 1889 and guests invited to join the ship at Holyhead that day and ending at Liverpool the following Monday. She would depart Liverpool on 1 August with a party of specially invited guests for Spithead.
It was reported by the Belfast News-Letter that the steam tug Wrestler was busy on 19 July 1889 "conveying articles of outfit to the Teutonic, now lying in Carrickfergus Roads.. It is not yet been decided whether she will be open to the public before her departure…". Making her first engine trials on the 20th, "she left the lough at an early hour, and in the several runs made it is stated she attained a high rate, and gave the greatest satisfaction. In the afternoon she again return to her anchorage in the Carrick Roads. " (Belfast News-Letter, 22 July). It was reported on the 26th that a speed of almost 18 knots was achieved at only 60 r.p.m.
Teutonic was inspected by the Harbour Commissioners on the 25th and the ship to leave Belfast Lough on the next day for Holyhead.
Yesterday, as previously announced in these columns, the Belfast Harbour Commissioners, their officials, and a few friends of the eminent shipbuilders, Messrs. Harland & Wolff, Limited, visited this magnificent ocean steamer. Shortly after three p.m. Captain Lennon had the Lion at Donegall Quay, and the guests having all got aboard full spced ahead' was made for the Teutonic, which lies in the man-of-war roads, off Carrickfergus. The immense ship was reached in an hour, and soon all those with the Lion were aboard, Mr. Wolff, Mr. Pirrie, and Mr. Carlisle present to represent the firm... On deck the magnificent proportions of the ship are fully displayed, and any person who had a lingering doubt that the Teutonic was not as long as Donegall Place must have had them dispelled forever yesterday.
The Teutonic having been fully examined,. even to the twin screws, by all the guests, on the invitation of the members of the firm, 'afternoon tea' and its modern accompaniments were served in the grand saloon, and almost immediately afterwards the Belfast visitors boarded the Lion and were soon on their homeward journey. Just before parting from the Teutonic, which does such infinite credit to Belfast and the firm who have so wonderfully planned her, three hearty cheers were called for and responded to for Captain Parcel, who, sailorlike, doffed his cap in return. The Lion reached Donegall Quay at 6-45 all on board having heartily enjoyed the treat of seeing such a magnificent sight.
Belfast News-Letter, 26 July 1889.
There was, alas, no time remaining for any public inspection of the vessel prior to her departure but Harland & Wolff, in compensation, sent the Royal Hospital a cheque for 200.
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Credit: Belfast News-Letter, 30 July 1889. |
With G.W. Wolff aboard, Teutonic left Belfast for the last time at midnight on 25 July 1889 for Holyhead where she arrived early on the morning of 26th. There, T.H. Ismay embarked at 8:00 a.m. and the following day a large group of invited guests embarked for the trial and delivery trip to Liverpool. Among those aboard were Mr. A.B. Forwood M.P., Financial Secretary to the Admiralty; the Marquis of Stafford, Sir Nathaniel Barnaby, Sir E.J. Reed, M.P.; Mr. Martell, of Lloyd's; Sir Edward Harland, Mr. G.W. Wolff, Mr. W.J. Pirrie, Mr. W.J. Pratten; Mr. James Musgrave, chairman of the Belfast Harbour Commissioner; Admiral Bent and Admiral Sir F.W. Richards.
Liverpool, Monday. The trial cruise of the Teutonic came to a close this morning, when the splendid new vessel entered the Mersey, in brilliant weather, with the two hundred guests who had joined her on Saturday-last at Holyhead. The cruise was enjoyed to the full by all on board, who found a pleasant occupation in inspecting the elaborate and luxurious arrangements with which the vessel is replete. Saturday itself was a bright day, with a pleasant breeze, and leaving. the harbour at Holyhead about three o'clock the Teutonic headed for Queenstown.
Unfortunately Sunday morning set in with mist and rain, and the former continued all through the' day. In such case the intention of visiting Queenstown was abandoned, and afterwards the course was directed for Liverpool, which was reached this morning. Several trials of speed were made, mostly at night, with results which were understood to be fully satisfactory. Twenty-six knots were rumoured to have been attained.
Some complimentary speeches were made at dinner. Sir Edward Harland, replying for his firm of Harland Wolff, said that it always gave satisfaction to a builder to come to the conclusion of his work, and he hoped and trusted that in the case of the Teutonic their work would prove a success. (Applause.) From what he had seen on the trial trip he believed it would. (Applause.) And if any firm of owners desired success that firm was Messrs. Ismay, Imrie, & Co. (Renewed applause.) There were few owners who, like that firm, gave a carte blanche order for a ship. People thought such a thing to be a myth, but for every ship built in the Belfast yard Messrs. Ismay & Imrie had given an absolute carte blanche to the firm which he (Sir Edward Harland) represented. This being so, the owners were put not upon their mettle, but upon their honour. They had all seen how the Teutonic had turned out, and what she was likely to do. So far as her fitting up as an armed cruiser was concerned, he believed that with such vessels as her on active service the next war though he hoped it would be far distant would be short, sharp, and decisive. (Applause.) Mr. Forwood, in the course of a speech, eulogised warmly the public spirit and enterprise of Mr. Ismay, who had made important suggestions to the Admiralty which had resulted in the construction of the Teutonic as an armoured cruiser. She constituted a valuable addition to the fleet. Mr. Ismay also spoke.
Another correspondent says: The trial trip commenced on Sunday and continued until yesterday, the results being that with three-quarter boiler power a speed of eighteen knots was obtained without any exertion whatever, the engines making sixty revolutions per minute. It is expected that the engines will work up to a considerably higher degree in fact, that they will develop twenty-one to twenty-two knots when fully worked. In ever' respect the trip was most satisfactory, and the praises were general as to the noble specimen of marine architecture turned out by Messrs. Harland & Wolff.
Belfast News-Letter, 30 July 1889.
Arriving at Holyhead at 6:30 a.m. on 26 July 1889, the special train carrying over 150 invited guests arrived the next day at 1:30 p.m. who were then conveyed about to Teutonic by the new steam tug Cambria, and sailing for Queenstown and Liverpool at 4:00 p.m..
Harland & Wolff never released the results of Teutonic's performance on her "trials cruise" but then again seldom did for any ship and in the nature of their launching and trials were unique among major British builders. The press coverage was, therefore scant and speculative, the Ulster Echo (30 July 1889) reporting that "Several trials of speed were made, mostly at night, with results which were understood to be fully satisfactory. Twenty-six knots were rumoured to have been attained." The Liverpool Mercury (30 July) stated that "throughout the whole of the two days' run the Teutonic trial proved highly satisfactory, and all the arrangements were universally admired. Three quarter speed was maintained during the run on Saturday [27 July]; and the perfect freedom of vibration, the most admirable ventilating arrangements, the remarkable steadiness of the vessel, and the completeness of the steamer's equipments, won the heartiest admiration of the most skillful navigator on board.
The ship got underweigh proceeded with the delighted guests for a cruise. The intentions were to see what the ship could do, as Messrs. Harland and Wolff do not in any case when competing for an order guarantee any particular speed, but endeavour to do their best. The hopes of all were, however, disappointed. It was not considered prudent to "let her toil" while in the vicinity of land, and so by daylight on Sunday, when an opportunity would have presented itself, a thick mist and fog came on, which continued with little intermission throughout the day, and on Sunday night it became thicker, rendering it necessary to slow down. It was not till daylight on Monday morning that the weather cleared. However, in a preliminary run on Saturday afternoon, with only 12 boilers being fired and the engines running at 60 revolutions, a speed of 18 knots was attained (by log) with absolutely no effort on the part of the engineers. The engines were in charge of Mr. Sewell. the well-known and respected "chief" of the "White Star" engineering staff. Captain Parsell. lieutenant Royal Naval Reserve, commands the ship, and a very anxious time he had, not leaving the bridge throughout the trip. Notwithstanding that the weather was unfavourable for fast steaming, the guests had a most pleasant time.
Liverpool Journal of Commerce, 30 July 1899.
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In brilliant weather," Teutonic entered the Mersey at 11:00 a.m. on the morning of 29 July 1889, landing her guests by tender off Prince's Landing stage and then taken into Langton dock.
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Teutonic at Spithead, 4 August 1889 being boarded by H.I.M. Wilhelm II and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. Credit: painting by William Lionel Wyllie, Sothebys. |
H.M. Armed Cruiser TEUTONIC
At the Spithead Naval Review
On the Occasion of the Visit of H.I.M. Wilhelm II
1-5 August 1889
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Teutonic departs Liverpool for Spithead, 1 August 1889. Credit: painting by William Lionel Wyllie, National Maritime Museum collection. |
Surely no merchant ship was introduced with such pomp and circumstance and royal occasion as R.M.S. Teutonic was 1-5 August 1889 amid the self-confidence of Great Britain at her late Victorian zenith. A greatness not born of bluster and brag but earned by the enterprise of merchant adventurers like Thomas Ismay and the engineering genius of her shipyards like Harland & Wolff of which Teutonic shined like a brilliant new star in a expansive and expanding galaxy. Armed as merchant cruiser, she headed south to join the great fleet assembled off Spithead yet did so proudly still under the Blue Ensign and White Star burgee and with the most glittering passenger list of the Age. Teutonic, despite her name, was indeed Britain's Ship of State as she cleared the Mersey.
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Teutonic in the Mersey preparing to depart for Spithead. Credit: Mary Evans Prints. |
The departure from the Mersey was made without any display-- with the business regularity of an Atlantic voyage. The vessel exhibited no bunting. In fact, there was nothing to inform the people on the Landing-stage that an unusual event was happening. The Teutonic lay off Woodside, and punctually at ten o'clock the guests from Liverpool were conveyed to her in a tender.
Liverpool Mercury, 3 August 1899.
"Her departure being witnessed by a large crowd of spectators on the Landing Stage and pierheads," (Liverpool Daily Post, 2 August), Teutonic sailed from Liverpool at 11:00 a.m. on 1 August for Spithead.
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Teutonic in the Mersey on deparure for Spithead. Credit: Pamlin Prints. |
Among those embarking at Liverpool included: Sir William B. Forwood, Viscount Wolmer, M.P. and Lady Wolmer; Lord and Lady Stalbridge, Sir George Baden-Powell, M.P, Sir E.J. Harland and Lady Harland, Mr. Stephen Williamson, M.P., and Mrs. Williamson; Colonel McCorquodale, the Hon. Scholberg K.M. Donnell, Mr. and Mrs. Ismay, Mr. E.R. Russell, Dr. Samuel Smiles, Mrs. A.B. Forwood, Mr. John Lovell and Mrs. Lovell and Mr. R. Brocklebank. Famed artist William Lionel Wyllie (1851-1931) was also invited aboard to sketch and paint scenes from the cruise. Ismay also engaged a professional photographer to record the voyage as well as take portraits on deck of her famous personages as well as her regular officers and crew. These were published in an album later given to her guests.
Mr. Ismay had displayed the qualities of a true English gentleman, for while he has ministered to the enjoyment to the enjoyment of his guests he has not forgotten those in a humbler sphere. For 20 years he has taken a leading part in the direction of the Indefatigable, and on the present occasion he invited the whole of the boys on board his vessel. And Mr. Ismay may rest assured that the boys will long remember their trip to see the naval review.
Liverpool Mercury, 3 August 1889.
At the invitation of T.H. Ismay, 213 cadets of the training ship Indefatigable including their 33-piece band, also joined the voyage and contributed enormously to the naval "spit and polish" aboard as well as youthful spirit that would make such an impression over the next few days as the world's greatest maritime power showed to Englishman and foreigner alike that it was just that.
Photographs of Teutonic's Spithead Cruise as privately published an album commissioned by T.H. Ismay and given to guests following their voyage.
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En route to Spithead, a marvelous view of Teutonic's bridge, superstructure and funnels. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library |
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Teutonic's captain, officers and petty officers. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
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Teutonic's captain and navigating officers. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
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Teutonic's Chief Engineer, engineering officers and firemen (their jerseys are embroidered: White Star Line Fireman). Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
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Teutonic's Chief Steward and stewards. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
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Cadets of the training ship Indefatigable with T.H. Ismay and their officers aboard Teutonic. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
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The band of T.S. Indefatigable aboard Teutonic. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
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J. Bruce Ismay (1862-1937) and his American-born wife, Julia, on the First Class staircase of Teutonic. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
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Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., (1836-1914) and later British Colonial Secretary, and his American-born wife, Mary, aboard Teutonic. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
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Lord Charles Beresford and Sir Frederic Leighton (artist) aboard Teutonic. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
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Lord Claud Hamilton (Director of the Great Eastern Railway) aboard Teutonic. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library |
The Bar Lightship hove in sight at a few minutes past twelve, and then as the Welsh hills became visible through the clear atmosphere, the general view was pleasing. This glimpse of land was only passing, for the vessel sped on at a good rate, and soon we settled down to enjoy the situation-- some comfortably seated on the upper deck, other promenading, but all elevated by the cheerful and comforting sight of a cloudless sky above and the gleaming of the broadening sea below, and then, when the dinner gong sounded, the guests filed down to the saloon, where everything to which the term luxurious can be applied, is to be found. What appeals to the mind is entering the beautifully decorate rooms is the neatness and appropriateness of the details. Everything is in its place, there is a touch of art, and the whole has a most pleasing aspect, and provoked the greatest admiration. During the period of dinner the band of the Indefatigable played selections of music, and afterwards, while the ladies and gentlemen were on the promenade deck, more music was given.
Liverpool Mercury, 3 August 1889.
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Teutonic anchored off at Spithead. Credit: National Libraries NI. |
We have arrived after a splendid passage, the weather being all that could be desired. Teutonic is without doubt the finest ship afloat, perfect in every detail, and not a single hitch. Her engines are working to the entire satisfaction of the experts on board. The full power has not yet been tried, but the average speed round has been at twenty knots under favourable circumstances, or in case of emergency she will prove herself the fastest mail steamer on the Atlantic.
The other competing vessels will not be in it, for the Teutonic will, doubtless, make the fastest passage to America, and will also afford the greatest comfort to passengers. 'The Teutonic is simply a floating palace. You can only realise the beauty of the ship to be on board, and see how all the minutest details have been studied and worked out. Belfast should be proud of the builders. Sir Edward Harland, Mr. Wolff, and Mr. Pirrie are all on board, and are receiving the congratulations of everyone, as the ship will be chief attraction as a merchant cruiser in the review to-morrow. Mr. and Mrs. Ismay are entertaining their guests on board in the most hospitable and social manner. All seem to be at their case, and the trip will long be remembered.
We have a photographer on board who is taking different groups of the people; and 213 boys of the Indefatigable, dressed in their sailor costume, with their brass band, perform. and give selections during the day and at dinner. The first thing in the morning before breakfast, these lads, all in line, their band playing God Save the Queen, with all the guests stand with their hats off, and the ship going through the water at such a great speed, make a sight simply splendid. I look forward to the review tomorrow with great expectation, as the Prince of Wales, the Emperor of Germany, and other distinguished men are to be on board.
The boys of Indefatigable are well trained, and I am sure will be the delight of everyone when paraded before the Royal visitors to-morrow. It was a happy thought of Mr. Ismay to give these lads such a treat, to show us the future sailors for the navy. Any practical shipowner if he were here would at once endorse Mr. Ismay's action by calling our representatives to train boys to be sailors, and reform the present practice of allowing every or any one to go to sea and undertake sailors' duties without practical training.
Belfast News-Letter, 3 August 1889.
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Teutonic anchored off Ryde, I.O.W. for the Spithead Review. Credit: shipsnostalgia, dom |
Teutonic arrived off Ryde, Isle of Wight, on 2 August 1889, and the visit of Prince of Wales and Kaiser Wilhelm II to take place the following day. The Review consisted of 112 warships of all descriptions manned by 22,125 officers and men. Teutonic took her place with other steamers on the special Admiralty list. Additional guests from London came out to the ship including Lord George Hamilton, Mr. J. Merley, M.P., Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., Mr. A.B. Forwood, M.P., Lord Charles Beresford, Sir Charles Tupper and Mr. Chauncey M. Depew.
Teutonic arrived just in advance of the German fleet and the Kaiser aboard the Imperial yacht Hohenzollern: "The German fleet was not expected to arrive at the Nab before four o'clock, and the Osborne, with her motley escort, having no need for haste, steamed slowly out past the long avenue of British battlehips towards Warren Fort, where the procession was strengthened by a fresh arrival in the imposing form of an Atlantic liner, whose amount of quick-firing guns and milrailleues proclaimed her as one of the reserve cruisers whose aid to convoys in warfare may render signal service to British commerce. The Teutonic bore on this occasion, however, not merely her ordinary crew, or a fighting contingent of the Royal aloft Navy, but crowds of spectators, and she bore aloft no white ensign to betoken that she had been requisitioned for active operations. The White Star flag still held its place between the blue ensigns." (Daily News, 3 August 1889).
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Spectactors atop Teutonic's foremast house at the Spithead Naval Review. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
This morning the weather was exceedingly fine. Up at seven o'clock, and promenading on the deck, one felt the beauty of the morning clouds. The charm of the southern landscape was also in evidence, and shortly before one o'clock, as the Teutonic sailed through the Solent, the Isle of Wight obstructed the view with pleasing effect.
A splendid view of the squadron was obtained from the Teutonic as she sailed along and anchored near the forts which protect the entrance to Portsmouth. During the afternoon the Royal yacht Osborne, on which was the Prince of Wales, came in sight, and upon his Royal Highness being observed he was loudly cheered, while the Indefatigable band played 'God Save the Queen' and 'God Bless the Prince of Wales.' The water swarmed with craft of all description, from the splendid steam and sailing yachts to small tug boats, which were decorated with bunting, and crowded with excursionists. The new steamer attracted much attention, and among the craft which sailed close to her sides was the Exmouth sailing ship, a small barquetine-rigged vessel.
Liverpool Mercury, 3 August 1889.
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The crew of the training ship Exmouth cheering Teutonic's First Officer McKinstry who had jumped into the water to rescue a member of their crew who had been knocked overboard. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
As the brig rounded the steamer, the boys were piped up to man the yards. The officer was standing by the wheel with an opera glass scanning the crowd on the Teutonic. A gust of wind sent the boom of the mainsail round, and swept him into the sea. A strong tide was running, and the man was carried along past the Teutonic. Mr. M'Kinstry. first officer, was standing on the turtle back of the steamer. 'Throwing off his coat, he leaped into the sea, distance of nearly 30ft. The man had by this time succeeded in reaching a life belt thrown over, but, hurt with the blow from the boom, and his strength exhausted, he was sinking when Mr. M'Kinstry reached him, and with great skill supported him till the boats launched simultaneously from the brig and steamer arrived, and picked up the two. Meanwhile there was tremendous excitement on the crowded docks of the Teutonic. Officers, crew, and guests thronged to the side, awaiting the return of the boat, and she came alongside with Mr. M'Kinstry sitting in the stern he was hailed with repeated cheers, the band of the Indefatigable striking up 'See, the conquering hero comes,' When the resoned man had been restored to his messmates, the brig sailed round the steamer, the boys manning the yards, and lustily cheering the gallant Mr. M'Kinstry. This is the second life he has saved within year, holding the Humane Society's medal for life saved last October in Plymouth Harbour. He certainly deserves a clasp for to-day's plucky act.
Liverpool Daily Post, 3 August 1889.
Friday night (2 August 1889) was devoted to the self-congratulatory post-dinner orations that the Victorians exceled at with fulsome remarks by T.H. Ismay, Lord George Hamilton, Sir Charles Tupper, Chauncey M. Depew, Sir Charles Beresford and Captain Parsell who said "he looked upon the honour done to home as reflected also upon his officers and seamen. He was proud to command such a ship, not only because the command was the highest mark of the confidence and esteem of the firm he had the honour to serve for some years." (Liverpool Daily Post, 5 August). Dinner was followed by dancing on deck, "up to a late hour, the band of the Indefatigable supplying excellent music."
Saturday, 3 August 1889 saw, as it so often does on the day of British occasions saw the deteriorate markedly with a "boisterous wind" that persisted and grew more pronounced as the day ensued. At 4:00 p.m. It was announced that the review would be postponed to Monday (5th) and that H.R.H. The Prince of Wales and Kaiser Wilhelm II would inspect Teutonic on Sunday.
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H.R.H. The Prince of Wales embarking aboard Teutonic. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
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Receiving her royal visitors aboard. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
At 3.30, the Prince of Wales, the German Emperor, the Admiral of the Fleet, and other notawere reported to be near. The band of the Indefatigable was drawn, up to give them the a Royal musical welcome, while the guests crowded around the bulwarks near the accommodation ladder, in readiness to vent their enthusiasm in loud huzzas. The steam launch which brought the Admiral and his staff aboard the Teutonic immediately went out to meet the Prince of Wales's yacht Osborne, which carried the Royal Standards of both England and Germany. The band then struck up the German National Anthem. The Royal and Imperial visitors, along with whom was Prince Victor, were received ag they stepped aboard by Mr. Ismay, Mr. Graves, and Captain Parsell, and were speedily introduced to some of the more illustrious guests. The German Emperor, I noticed, shook hands with no one, mostly bowing to those to whom he was introduced. To my mind, he seemed a trifle embarrassed under the ardent gaze of 80 Englishmen, His ears had the customary stuffing of cotton, and he seemed a trifle below par, possibly on account of the fatiguing passage and the round of ceremonies. The Prince of Wales expressed himself delighted with the details and ensemble of the Teutonic. Mr. Medrington, of Liverpool, obtained a photograph of the scene in one of its aspects.
Liverpool Daily Post, 5 August 1889.
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One of Teutonic's four 4.7 quick-firing naval guns and her crew. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library |
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Teutonic's royal visitors inspecting one of her two forward guns. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
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T.H. Ismay leads his royal visitors aft of the forward guns (behind Kaiser Wilhelm II) aboard Teutonic. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
About 20 minutes past three o'clock the royal yacht Victoria and Albert, on board of which was the Emperor of Germany, was observed steaming across from the German squadron, and, when approaching the Teutonic she hoisted the German and English standards. The yacht anchored to the stern of the Teutonic, and, while the steam launch was taken to her, the German and English flags were hoisted. The Prince of Wales, who wore an admiral's uniform, and was accompanied by Prince Albert Victor, sat in the stern of the launch chatting to the Emperor who has just been given the rank of honorary admiral by her Majesty the Queen, wore the uniform. In the launch were also Admiral Sir G. Hornby and the Emperor's aide-de-camp.
Upon the party arriving on board the Teutonic the Indefatigable band played the German national anthem, and the boys formed a guard of honour. Lord Claud Hamilton received the Prince of Wales and introduced Mr. Ismay. The Prince then presented to tbe Emperor Mr. Ismay, Mr. Graves, Sir Edward Harland, Mr. A. B. Forwood, and Captain Parsell. The distinguished party then proceeded to inspect the vessel, in which the Prince has shown great interest. After having inspected the various points of interest on the main deck, the Emperor, the| Prince of Wales, and the rest of the party went to the forecastle and inspected one of she guns. This took several minutes, the mounting and being explained by a chief gunner from the navy. The interest of the Emperor was very marked. As they crossed the bridge to the promenade deck today Lady Claud Hamilton was presented to his Majesty. In addition to the names already given, there were of the party Prince Henry of Prussia, Prince Hohenlohe, and Admiral Schroder, of the German navy. During the hour the guests remained on board the Teutonic was surrounded by steamers, yachts, and row boats crowded with ladies and gentlemen, but they were crowded obliged to keep a certain distance away, but many of the sightseers had a splendid view of the party. As the party re-embarked on board the launch the band payed 'God Bless the Prince of Wales,' and as the little boat steamed away loud cheers were given by those on board the Teutonic.
Liverpool Mercury 5 August 1889.
The visit of the Kaiser to Teutonic and he oft reported remark "We must have some of these," was doubtless an important event and a great honour to the ship and her ship's company. Magnified as it sometimes is to have planted the spark of maritime competition between Germany and Great Britain, both naval and merchant, has made that one August afternoon the most remembered moment of Teutonic's ensuing 33-year career, perhaps unfortunate and overplayed given that Germany and Britain were already competing in the "Scramble for Africa" and the very name "teutonic" was referenced in a negative light in British papers. It would be a quarter of a century later when Teutonic would finally serve under the White Ensign in her armed merchant cruiser role, and ironies of ironies, against the very same Kaiser who so admired her.
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White Star Line poster calendar for 1889 showing Teutonic/Majestic at Queenstown. Credit: National Archives of the United Kingdom. |
One great improvement is the forced draught and proper firing which render the Teutonic almost smokeless. Passengers continually inquired if she was not using anthracite. I never saw anything like it upon the Atlantic. The table, state rooms, and all appointments are equal to the very best hotels. There is an excellent library and most comfortable reading room, desks and writing materials kept in order and equal to the most luxurious club.
Andrew Carnegie, New York, 9 March 1891.
The news that a fresh ocean record had been made soon spread. Along the wharves groups of sailors and longshoremen discussed it, and other groups listened while one of their number read the accounts of the race from the 'extras.' In hotel lobbies and in the club every one was talking of the Teutonic's triumph, and the subject seemed, oddly enough, to be particularly pleasing to railroad men.
The World, 14 August 1890.
Few ships enjoyed, or indeed created for themselves, a more eventful, memorable and impressive first decade in service as did Teutonic. Even the Kaiser and the Prince of Wales were soon supplanted in the public awareness of the ship by records aplenty and her dominating the society pages of The Gilded Age. That Teutonic garnered record passages for herself in 1890-91, the last held by White Star, was accomplishment itself but these were not records won in solitary fashion, clinically measured by dry log entries of days hours and minutes but rather, and quite remarkably, by a series of truly extraordinary head to head trans-ocean races between her and Inman's City of New York that have never been duplicated. It made Teutonic the Toast of New York every bit as much as it made her the favourite of the larger than life, personages that defined The Gilded Age.
Her passenger lists figured in the society pages of New York and London: Teutonic numbered among her regulars throughout the decade Joseph Pulitzer, Marshall Field, and most notably, J.P. Morgan who made a dozen or more crossings in her and, indeed, liked her so much that he famous bought her along with White Star Line! Just a few of famous passengers carried (and many were frequently aboard) during her first decade were: H.M. Stanley, Colliss P. Huntington, William Astor, Mr. & Mrs. John Jacob Astor, the Duke and Duchess of Malborough, Joseph Chamberlain, George Baden-Powell, Chauncey M. Depew, Andrew Carnegie, Mr. & Mrs. F.W. Vanderbilt, W.K. Vanderbilt, George Vanderbilt, Alfred Vanderbilt, P.T. Barnum, Mr. & Mrs. Claus A. Spreckels, I.Z. Paderewski, Marshall Field, James Huddart, Sir William Van Horne, H.E. Wanamaker, The Earl of Dunraven, A.J. Drexel, Samuel Plimsoll, John Philip Sousa (who wrote The Stars and Stripes Forever whilst aboard), George Jay Gould, Alfred Holt, William Gillett, Lilian Russell, George Crocker, Daniel Frohman, Sir. A.B. Forwood, Bram Stoker, Mme. Melba, Thomas Dewar, J.J. Hill, Rudyard Kipling, W.C. Pullman, Seymour Hicks, Joseph Widener, Peter Cooper Hewitt, Charles M. Hays and Guglielmo Marconi.

1889
As if almost anxious to be rid of the Prince of Wales and Kaiser Wilhelm II so as to begin her epic commercial career, Teutonic skipped the postponed review of 5 August 1889, and as soon as her royal visitors left, she departed Spithead early Sunday evening (4th), and rather wonderfully steamed right through the lines of the visiting German Squadron, hurriedly bound for Liverpool whence her maiden voyage to New York would commence on the 7th
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Credit: Liverpool Mercury, 6 August 1889. |
"The Teutonic made a splendid passage, the weather being fine until after she had passed the Crosby Lightship." (Liverpool Mercury, 6 August 1889). Reported to have hit 20 knots en route up from Spithead, Teutonic returned to the Mersey at 6:00 p.m. on 6 August 1889. "The guests as they proceeded on board the tender which conveyed them to the Landing-Stage shook hands with Mr. Ismay, and thanked him for his hospitable attentions." (Liverpool Mercury, 6 August 1889). It would be quick work indeed to both convert her back into a liner, principally by the removal of her armament, and to store and load her for her maiden voyage to New York commencing the very next day. "We understand that all the saloon berths are engaged for the next four voyages from America," noted the Belfast News-Letter, of 7 August. Among those booked for maiden trip included Sir Henry Loch, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Ismay, Sir Lyon and Lady Playfair, Theresa Lady Schrewsbury, and Mr. Thomas and Lady Idina Brassey.
The voyage of the Teutonic, starting from Liverpool to-day, is being watched with profound interest by all concerned in shipbuilding. In her voyage from Liverpool to Spithead and back the Teutonic was understood to make her twenty knots an hour, which is remarkably good steaming as ships go, but there is a shrewd suspicion in the nautical world that Mr. Ismay has a little surprise in store, and that in addition to being the stateliest and most richly endowed steamship afloat, the Teutonic is also likely to prove the fastest steamer afloat. Additional interest is given to the first voyage of the Teutonic by the fact that she left the Mersey almost abreast of the City of New York, the sister ship of the City of Paris.
Liverpool Daily Post, 8 August 1889.
With the arrival of Teutonic in the Mersey, the morning of 7 August 1889, the great port witnessed a "magnificent spectacle" (Liverpool Daily Post, 8 August) of her, Inman's City of New York and Anchor's City of Rome lying at anchor in the river. "where they presented a very fine appearance, and were a source of great admiration to the passengers on the Landing Stage and the ferryboats."
Seldom did two ships have a keener or more visible rivalry than White Star's Teutonic and Inman's City of New York whose schedules, from the onset of the career of the White Star liner, seemed co-ordinated to inspire their rivalry being translated into its most basic and dramatic form: racing each other, unofficially course, across the North Atlantic. And it would commence with Teutonic's maiden voyage from Liverpool when she, together with City of New York and City of Rome, in addition to British Prince and Sorata, all departed from Liverpool on the late morning tide, together carrying some 3,500-4,000 emigrants to New York, "Between 10.30 and 11.30 the Prince's Landing Stage was almost impassable," (Liverpool Daily Post, 8 August).

To-day, the new White Star steamer Teutonic sails on her maiden voyage across the Atlantic. Great interest is being taken in her by shipping people. So far she is a 'dark horse,' but judging from her recent performance, it is safe to predict some astonishing results from her.
Liverpool Journal of Commerce, 7 August 1889.
R.M.S. Teutonic (Capt. H. Parsell, R.N.R.) sailed from Liverpool on the evening of 7 August 1889, embarking her passengers in midstream off Prince's Landing Stage at 4:00 p.m.. Among the notables aboard were His Excellency Sir Henry Loch, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., Governor of Victoria, B.C., Lady Loch and family; the Right Honourable Sir Lyon Playfair, K.C.B., M.P. and Lady Playfair; Theresa Countess of Shrewsbury; Cicely Countess of Selkirk; Mr. J.W. Barclay, M.P.; Mr. & Mrs. W.J. Pirrie, Mr. & Mrs. Thomas J. Ismay and Mr. & Mrs. J. Bruce Ismay. Teutonic crossed Mersey Bar at 7:00 p.m. and together with City of Rome and City of New York formed a most magnificent "convoy" heading out into the Irish Sea, bound for Queenstown. City of New York soon took the lead followed by City of Rome and Teutonic following.
The trio proceeded down the channel at reduced speed, all keeping within sight of each other, the Teutonic steaming only at a rate of 10 knots, never at any time increasing her speed over 14 1/2 knots. The weather was beautifully fine, and the sea calm. The City of Rome was the first to be signalled off Queenstown. She appeared at 9 a.m., and ten minutes later the City of New York appeared, followed by the White Star liner, after twenty minutes had elapsed. The working of the machinery of the Teutonic down the channel was considered most satisfactory. There was no stoppage, and no heating of the machinery. Therefore, it is expected that her maiden trip across the Atlantic will be a successful one in every respect. In fact, the great interested is manifested in shipping circles here on her performance with her two rivals across the ocean.
Belfast News-Letter, 9 August 1889.
The "convoy" arrived at Queenstown the morning of 8 August 1889 with City of Rome coming in at 8:30 a.m., City of New York at 9:50 a.m. and Teutonic at 10:00 a.m., the latter described by the Cork Constitution as having "dropped her anchor between the frowning forts of Camden and Carlisle, where she rode majestically to her massive cables, until her full complement of passengers and mails were embarked, before proceeding on her maiden Western trip across the Atlantic Ocean."
Whilst at Queenstown, Teutonic was inspected "at noon by a most distinguished number of persons, including Rear-Admiral Erskine, who inspected the armed merchant cruiser from stem to stern with a number of gentlemen. They appeared to be much pleased with the equipment of the noble vessel," (Belfast News-Letter, 9 August). Visitors to the ship included General Johnson, K.C.B.,R.A.; Colonel Jones, R.A. : Colonel Davis, A Colonel Yates,; Major Johnson, R.A.: Captain Gould Adams, R.A.; Captain the Hononrable R Tywbill, R.A.; Lieutenant-Adjutant Allen, R.A.; Rear-Admiral Erskine, Commander-In-Chief of the Irish Stations ; the Admiral's Flag-Lieutenant, Sir John Arnott, Lady Arnett, Captain Usborne, R.N., Harbour Master; Mrs Ushorne, Mr. P.A.Scott, Mrs Scott, Captain Christian, General Piatt, United Slates Consul; Mrs Piatt, Mr A. R. M'Mallen, Mrs M'Mallen, Mr T. Crosby, R A Atkins, High Sheriff; and Mr D. K. Leahy, B A.
Taking on 469 bags of mail and embarking additional passengers, on departure from Queenstown at 2:15 p.m., Teutonic went out with 332 saloon and 480 steerage passengers and 767 bags of mail. Lowering expectations of any effort at a record, or even full speed, from the ship on her first voyage, White Star's Queenstown agent, Messrs. Scott told the Cork Constitution (10 August): "there is no intention of letting the new White Star steamer Teutonic run her speed this voyage." But the papers, especially in New York, were having none of it and built up the "race" angle and for a good reason with the spectacle of "three of the finest of all the fleet of 'ocean greyhounds,' (New York Tribune) departing Queenstown almost together: City of Rome at 10:30 a.m, City of New York at 1:30 p.m. and Teutonic at 2:00 p.m. plus the new HAPAG liner Columbia leaving Southampton the same day, all New York-bound.
To-day the foreign steamship interests are eagerly expectant. The White Star steamer Teutonic, whose decks nave been already under the foot of royalty and at whose building and launching all England seems to have been more or less elated, has been over five days on the way to this port If she is to show herself the outset to be a record breaker she must arrive off Sandy Hook as early as 7 o'clock this morning. There were not wanting, indeed, numbers of not-to-be-surprised landsmen who mildly asked last evening at the Barge Office and Castle Garden if the Teutonic was not coming up the bay. They were necessarily disappointed, however.
Much interest is also felt in the time that the steamship City of New York will make on this trip.The New York left within an hour or so of the Teutonic, and the usual 'ocean race' has as a consequence of that fact sprung up immediately in the mind of the average land man on both sides of the water. The spectacle of the Inman Line steamer, machinery ail in perfect repair for the contest, neck and neck with the now White Star ship over the 2,800 miles which stretch between New York and Queenstown is a vivid mental image with a great portion of the non-aquatic public. It is not probable, however, that the commander of either vessel will pay much attention to getting ahead of the other. Nevertheless great increase of speed on the part of the City of New York may be looked for, it is thought. Her machinery, which has hitherto proved entirely unsatisfactory, as far as speed is concerned, has undergone an extensive overhauling and is expecited to do much better work than before.
New York Times, 14 August 1889.
Mrs. Thomas Ismay's personal diaries (as reproduced in The Ismay Line) provides a day to day log of the voyage out:
August 8, Thursday.
Found some nice people on board, Sir Henry and Lady Lock and family, Lady Shrewsbury, Lady Selkirk, Sir Lyon and Lady Playfair. Arrived at Queenstown at 10.30a.m. and left at 2 p.m., after taking the mails on board.
August 9, Friday.
Rather a bad night, also stormy this morning, although we went into the Saloon for breakfast. It got worse in the afternoon, and one after another succumbed. A high wind, and a nasty sea, which made the Teutonic pitch.
August 10, Saturday
The wind and sea very high, none of us got up for breakfast. But during the day some of us got up on deck. About 10 o'clock the sea came right on board, and took Sir Henry Lock right off his feet. Fortunately he was not hurt.
August 11, Sunday
None of us able to go to Service, except Thomas, but got up and went on deck in the afternoon.
August 12, Monday
The sea and wind have gone down, but now we have a dense fog.
August 13, Tuesday
Still very foggy, but we had a concert, which would have been a failure but for Mr. York. Thomas was in the chair and made some remarks which amused the audience. A collection was made, and got 28 for the Seamen's Orphanage.
August 14, Wednesday
It appears that Thomas' remarks have given offence to some people on board, although unintended by him. In fact what they say is both unfair and untrue. Made the land late at night, reaching Sandy Hook just after midnight. Passage 6 days 14 hours 20 mins.

Weather spoilt the racing prospects and all three ships arrived late at New York amid a strong southerly wind and fog prevailing in New York on 15 August 1889. City of New York was finally sighted off Sandy Hook at 11:40 p.m., giving her a time of 6 days 14 hours 45 mins. with Teutonic following 1 hour 15 mins. later at 12:55 a.m. making for a run 6 days 14 hours 21 mins., averaging 17.59 knots. This still qualified her as making the fastest westbound maiden crossing, beating City of Paris' 6 days 15 hours.
There was a palpable sense of disappointment in the New York press that the new ship did not do better but Capt. Parsell was having none of it as he patiently endured countess interviews over breakfast after bringing Teutonic alongside White Star's pier 45 at the foot of West St, North River:
West street and the new pier of the White Star line were crowded with interested observers this morning studying the points of the majestic Teutonic. The passengers were drifting down the gangway as the reporter crowded up and made his way to the saloon where Capt. Parsell, R.N.R., was discussing fried sole, bacon and eggs and dry toast.
'I am perfectly satisfied with the boat,' be said. between mouthfuls. 'She has a large reserve of power that has not been drawn on. I let her go easy most of the way, though at the start, I spurted a little and gained half an hour on the City of New York.
We had beastly weather the whole way; head winds, fog off the Banks and a fog here just before we came in.'
The boat is us firm as a rock. You should have seen her swing lightly up to the pier here without the help of a rope, snuggling in as cosily as a chicken gets under its mother's wing.
She can make ten more revolutions to the minute than she has done,'" continued Capt. Parsell, with pride. am more stuck on what she is going to do than on what she did on this voyage though the machinery gave us no trouble whatever.'
The Evening World, 15 August 1889.
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Credit: New York Tribune, 16 August 1889. |
An account of the maiden voyage by a passenger was published in the Belfast News-Letter of 29 August 1889:
The start from Liverpool on Wednesday evening August the 7th, was intensely exciting. All commercial and marine Liverpool was on the qui vive, and the spectacle of four great ocean steamers starting simultaneously was extremely fine. The race between the City of New York, with her recent costly improvements, and the new 'longest ship afloat' was exciting in the highest degree. No such race was ever run on the ocean by such a brace of superb vessels. The official reports of the voyage are now history, but I may possibly be in time with a brief account of it from the passengers' point of view.
We had bad weather almost all the way; a real gale one day, head-winds every day, rough seas nearly every day, and that worst of a seaman's bugbears-- fog for several days. But the stately Teutonic ploughed her way through all and though she did pitch, she did not roll to any serious extent. Her steadiness was an inexpressible comfort to many tender interiors: in a smaller ship, less heavily freighted and less powerfully propelled, we should have had a very bad time of it. But we rode gallantly over the Atlantic rollers, and the magnificent ship stood stiffly up, and so diminished the sufferings of those who suffered, and enlarged the pleasure of those thrice-blessed ones who have no practical knowledge of mal de mer.
Amongst our complement of over twelve hundred souls, we had some passengers who were old hands at ocean-sailing one gentleman was making his sixty-ninth passage and all concurred in the declaration that so steady a ship and one so superbly equipped they had never before seen.
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Credit: New York Times, 17 August 1889. |
The maiden trip of the splendid steamer, the Teutonic, of the White Star Line, which arrived this port on Wednesday, seems to have been marred considerably by an unfortunate incident which took place on one of the last days of the voyage. Among the passengers on the vessel were Sir Lyon Playfair and Mr. J. Bruce Ismay, the New York agent of the White Star Line. A little entertainment was given in the grand saloon last Tuesday night and in the speechmaking which usually follows such an affair Mr. Ismay acted as Chairman, or master of ceremonies.
He made pleasant little speech about the new vessel, told all about what was expected of her, and how the aim of the company was always to please its patrons, and after a while introduced Sir Lyon Playfair to the audience. It was the manner of this introduction which caused the trouble which is now being pretty thoroughly ventilated. There were many Americans among the passengers, and, according to Commodore A. E. Bateman, who was one of them, Mr. lsmay took occasion to talk in sneering manner of American legislators 88 compared with noble British statesmen.
New York Times, 17 August 1889.
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Credit: The Evening World, 9 August 1889. |
At a luncheon aboard the ship on 16 August 1889, with J. Bruce Ismay giving the welcoming remarks, he made no mention of the controversy although in his own speech to the attendees, Capt. Parsell "talked most vigorously about the manner in which his employer, Mr. Ismay, had been treated by the American press." (New York Times, 17 August). The paper went on to describe the lunch as "a very pleasant one," followed by a full inspection of the new vessel, and the guests "admired its perfect construction." The Emigration Commissioners were feted aboard the next day and "were greatly pleased with the accommodations provided … for steerage passenges and for the careful ventilation of all parts of the ship. Thousands of other visitors took the opportunity to inspect the handsome ship, partake of sumptuous fare, and listen to fine music on board of her." (New York Times, 18 August). Public inspection followed on the 19th, from 9:00 a.m.-6:00 a.m. with tickets costing 25 cents to benefit local charities.
The performance of the Teutonic on her first voyage to New York has been watched here with great interest. Probably no vessel ever attracted so much attention at home and abroad. English experts regard her run as extraordinary. It was known in Liverpool that she would not be pressed on her first Atlantic voyage, nor was she expected to beat the record of maiden runs, as she actually did.
New York Tribune, 18 August 1889.
The schedules of White Star and Inman Line were a newspaperman's dream calendar, affording as it now would the prospect of a monthly "race" between Teutonic and City of New York from New York on Wednesdays and from Queenstown on Thursdays. In addition, Anchor Line's City of Rome's comings and goings were also synched with the White Star and Inman flyers, but she had never been in the running for records, hence her winding up with Anchor in the first place. It was a competition discounted by the lines and officers of course, but reveled in and anticipated by passengers, public and press.
So it was that Teutonic, on her maiden eastbound crossing, and City of New York, sailed within an hour of one another from New York on 21 August 1889. The Evening World, which would prove Teutonic's best public relations and news sources during her career out of the port, reported:
The two crack boats, the Teutonic, of the White Star and the City of New York, of the Inman line, draw out from their piers, which are next each other on the North River, this afternoon and start on their course across the Atlantic.
The City of New York people are pretty confident that their big rival will not show the Inman liner her stern during the trip. The Teutonic powers take the air of not racing.
An Evening World reporter saw Capt. Parsall this morning. He way walking the magnificent promenade deck wearing a black derby bat.
'Well, are you going to beat the City of New York. Captain ?' he was asked.
'I don't think we will. I don't intend to race her,' said Capt. Parsall. 'There is plenty of time to beat the City of New York,' he added, with a quiet significant smile.
The Evening World, 21 August 1889.
The public is taking great interest in the race, and there were cheering crowds, at the Inman and White Star piers to see the start. A number of people went down to Fort Hamilton, and saw the rival Atlantic beauties steaming down the bay. There was a good deal of quiet betting on the race, at even money.
New York Tribune, 22 August 1889.
Teutonic went out rather lightly patronised, with 125 First, 70 Second and 230 Third whilst her rival had 170 First, 70 Second and 400 steerage, "both boats looked in the pink of perfection. Their beautiful lines, massive proportions and cleanly appearance are so good that neither can give points to the other in this respect." (Evening World). City of New York was the first to depart, at 2:00 p.m., followed by City of Rome and Teutonic. Among those aboard Teutonic were the Ismays. City of New York passed Quarantine at 2:55 p.m. and the bar at 3:31 p.m. and Teutonic at 3:10 p.m. and 4:11 p.m. respectively. And the "race" was on…
The Ismays made the roundtrip and Mrs. Ismay again recorded the voyage in her personal diary:
August 22, Thursday
We have about 110 passengers in First Class. Weather beautiful with a calm sea.
August 23, Friday
Another calm fine day, no movement at all, which makes it difficult to realise one is on the Atlantic, everything works so well.
August 24, Saturday
Very foggy, but clear at times, we saw numbers of fishing boats. At 1.45 p.m. a poor fireman jumped overboard, a boat was lowered and he was saved; a wonderful thing in mid-Atlantic, it occupied 17 minutes before he was on board again.
August 25, Sunday
Had a very nice service. It was very foggy all day.
August 26, Monday
Very foggy indeed, the foghorn going perpetually.
August 27, Tuesday
A nasty beam sea, which made the Teutonic roll very much, but she rode it gracefully so that only worst sailor noticed it. I managed to go down to dinner, Mrs. Pirrie sang to us afterwards.
August 28, Wednesday
During the night the rolling ceased, and when we got up the sea had gone down. We sighted land at 10.30 p.m., arrived at Queenstown 2 p.m. Jimmy came to meet us.
August 29, Thursday
Breakfasted at 7 a.m. having arrived in the Mersey at 3 a.m. Making our passage 6 days, 16 hours, 34 minutes. All very sorry to leave the noble ship.
In the end, it was not much of a contest with City of New York passing the Fastnet at 8:50 p.m. on 27 August 1889 followed by Teutonic at 10:45 a.m. the following morning. Total time for City of New York from Sandy Hook to Roche's Point was 6 days 3 hours 18 mins. and for Teutonic, 6 days 16 hours with daily runs of 336, 395, 414, 420, 400 and 442 nautical miles with slow passage on the 26th owing to fog. Teutonic arrived at Liverpool later on the 28th.
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Credit: Liverpool Mercury, 6 August 1889. |
Ocean racing for records aside, Teutonic's main purpose, of course, was the more meaningful maintenance of a regular and reliable mail-passenger-cargo service that had no betters on the ocean highways and initially she held down the weekly New York service with Germanic, Britannic and Adriatic.
The White Star steamers sail, under contract with the British Government, from Liverpool every Wednesday with her Majesty's mails for the United States. The hour of embarkation is regulated by the tide, but no later embarkation takes place than 4 p.m. Only a portion of the mails is put on board in Liverpool, the bulk being conveyed by the Irish mail train leaving London on Wednesday night at 8.20, proceeding by steamer from Holyhead to Dublin, and reaching Queenstown at 12.15 p.m., where the steamer usually arrived early the same morning and waits for the mails, and such passengers as may accompany them. The steamer gets away from Queenstown at about 2 p.m. on Thursday afternoon, and after a six-day passage, brings her into New York, and allows of passengers landing there during the forenoon of the following Wednesday. At New York the steamer lies alongside the pier, which projects into the river at right angles with the street, and passengers are able to walk straight from the shore on board the ship. The departure from New York, as from Liverpool, takes place on Wednesday, and the hour of the embarkation is regulated by the tide. On the return voyage the steamers use American coal, some of the finer qualities of which are equal to the best English coal.
The Engineer, 19 December 1890.
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Credit: The Evening World, 12 September 1889. |
With City of New York and City of Rome again, Teutonic left Liverpool with 1,300 passengers on 4 September 1889 on her second voyage to New York, clearing Queenstown the following afternoon at 5:35 p.m., 35 mins. following the departure of City of New York. Both ships had rough weather at the onset but again City of New York made it no contest, arriving off Sandy Hook on the evening of the 11th, logging 6 days 4 hours 17 mins with Teutonic passing Sandy Hook at 8:23 p.m., logging a still respectable 6 days 7 hours 14 mins. or 7 hours 6 mins faster than her maiden voyage. She logged 348, 438, 443, 466, 481, and 127 nautical miles, the last day out being accomplished in a cyclone. When fog settled in, she anchored off Quarantine for the night and came alongside at 10:30 a.m. The following morning, "greeted with cheers by over 500 people who were waiting for friends who were aboard." (The Evening World, 12 September 1889).
The White Star steamship people, disheartened by the failure of the Teutonic to outstrip the Inman champion City of Paris, have ordered their boat to the dry-docks at Liverpool to be fitted with new propellers and be put in better racing trim.
The Evening World, 27 September 1889
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Credit: The Evening World, 18 September 1889. |
In what The Evening World (18 September 1889) called "A Triple Atlantic Race" commenced that day from New York with the simultaneous departure of Teutonic, City of New York and NDL's fastest liner, Saale; "Each vessel will do its utmost to outrun its competitor across the big pond…" Also sailing that day was City of Rome. City of New York again beat all comers, getting to Queenstown at 9:00 p.m. on the 24th, clocking 6 days 5 hours 25 mins., and lowering her own record. Teutonic got in at midnight almost three hours later, logging 6 days 7 hours 55 mins. She arrived at Liverpool on the 25th on a busy day for the port with City of Paris, Lord Clive, Oruba, Pavonia and City of New York making arrival or departures.
White Star Line announced on 26 September 1889 that Teutonic would be fitted new smaller diameter screws to increase her speed during a drydocking at Liverpool. That day she went into Langton Graving Dock for the fitting of her new smaller diameter (19½ ft. vs. 21½ ft.) screws which worked at 79 r.p.m.s or nine more than the original set. She was opened for public inspection whilst in dry dock on 28 September 1889 from 10:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. with tickets costing 1s and proceeds going to Bootle and Stanley Hospitals.

Teutonic left Liverpool on 2 October 1889, again going out with City of New York and City of Rome and all sailing from Queenstown about the same time the next day, the White Star liner having aboard 443 saloon and 701 steerage passengers. "Anxiously awaited" in New York, City of New York and Teutonic did not arrive at New York the morning of the 9th as expected. Then, the late editions reported that Teutonic had been sighted off Fire Island at 2:33 p.m. and reached Sandy Hook at 4:40 p.m., giving her a passage time of 6 days 6 hours 27 mins. and her rival, City of New York, yet to be sighted. Teutonic logged daily runs of 407, 456, 431, 471, 469, 460 and 88 nautical miles up to Sandy Hook.
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Credit: Cork Constitution, 27 September 1889. |
The New York Times, 10 October 1889, gave its readers a full account of Teutonic's splendid passage:
The Teutonic, in command of Capt. Henry Parsell, after leaving Queenstown on Oct. 3, passed Roche's Point at 2:15 p.m., about four hours behind the City of Rome, which had left earlier in the day, and about forty minutes later than the Inman Liner City of New York. The Teutonic remained in sight of the City of New York, which kept to the northward, hugging the shore until near Fastnet Light, when she overhauled her.
The City of New York then veered to the south, crossed the Teutonic's bow, and took position abreast of her on the starboard side. Her lights could be seen all that night, and at 8 a.m., Friday, Oct. 4, it was noted that the Teutonic was slowly drawing ahead of her. At this time they both caught up with the City of Rome which was sighted off the port side of the City of New York.
The three huge ships then ran for several hours almost abreast of each other, with the City of Rome in the middle, until about 2:30 p.m. the Teutonic began rapidly to away from the others, and at 4 o'clock had lost sight of them.
She had fair weather and light winds until, on Saturday morning, Oct. 5, she was struck by a heavy gale from the northwest, accompanied by a heavy swell and terrific cross seas. This continued until Sunday morning, when the wind veered directly to the west, blowing a perfect tornado and piling the sea up in mountainous waves that dashed against and over the bow of the vessel. This went on until noon, when the wind slacked down and the seas began to get lighter. On Monday, however, the winds from the west-southwest began to blow pretty strong-again, causing a long, rolling swell from the same direction, and continuing until the vessel reached port yesterday afternoon.
On Oct. 7 the engines were worked up to speed equivalent to 520 miles in fair, calm weather, yet the ship did not come within ten miles of her best day's record, made during the trip which ended at this port on Sept. 11. The Teutonic, however, did beat her own best record of an entire trip of 6 days 7 hours and 14 minutes by 47 minutes, having made this trip in 6 days 6 hours and 27 minutes.
Still Chief Engineer Sewall does not think the steamer has had a fair test, owing to the weather she had to encounter. He says that under favorable circumstances and good weather, with the late improvements in ber screw, she will do much better. Throughout the trip the average speed was kept up to 18½ knots an hour, with 79 revolutions of the screws of 19½ feet diameter to the minute, as against 70 revolutions to the minute with the diameter of 21½ feet of the screw before the reduction of 12 inches in the length of each blade was made. The coal burned averaged 240 tons per twenty-four hours as against 212 tons before the screws were reduced in length, making an average of eighteen and a half knots against seventeen knots per hour under the old system, or a gain of thirty-six knots per day for the additional consumption of twenty-eight tons of coal.
The officers of the Teutonic predict that the improvements made in her screws will soon cause her to outstrip the City of New York, although she tailed to do it this time.
New York Times, 10 October 1889.
As for City of New York, her race for glory ended ignominiously when she grounded on a mudbank in Gedney's Channel on arrival the evening of 9 October 1889 after coming over in the time of 6 days 10 hours 20 mins. including a one-hour fifteen stoppage of her port engine for repairs.
More worrisome was that five of Teutonic's stokers had collapsed from heat exhaustion during the voyage. Here, her closed system of forced-draught resulted in temperatures of some 140 degrees in her boiler rooms and although it was suggested that those overcome "were not as strong as firemen commonly are," conditions in her firerooms were beyond the limits even of the toughest Merseyside stokers to endure and led to immediate alterations to the ventilation of her machinery and boiler rooms. Duty hours for firemen were reduced to a maximum of four hours and firemen given additional leave ashore between voyages.
The ocean greyhounds, Teutonic and City of New York, of the White Star and Inman Lines, respectively, got away again this morning for another record-breaking contest.
The Evening World, 16 October 1889.
From the Inman pier at the foot of Barrow Street, City of New York, sailed at 10:16 a.m., and Teutonic, with 445 passengers, from White Star's at the end of Christopher St. at 10:35 a.m. on 16 October 1889.
The commanders of both ships stood at their post of duty on the bridges and telegraphed to the engineer to work the mammoth machinery to its utmost capacity. The propellors of the ocean liners now churned the green waters into white foam as both ships almost leaned onward, neither gaining the slightest advantage on the other. Darkness soon afterwards set in, and both wore lost to view, never seeing one another afterwards. Strong, adverse winds from the E. and N.E., witl head sea, and at times moderate gales, were encountered during the entire passage.
Belfast News-Letter, 24 October 1889.
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Credit: The Evening World, 23 October 1889. |
Despite Teutonic's new screws and her good showing on her westbound crossing, she would again follow in the Inman racer's wake. City of New York passed Roche's Point at 5:24 a.m. on the 23rd followed by Teutonic at 12:08 p.m.. The time for the Inman liner: 6 days 12 hours 46 mins, that of the White Star ship: 6 days 14 hours 37 mins. or a 1 hour 51 min difference. Teutonic's daily mileage was 390, 384, 420, 422, 427, 419 and 347.

The remarkable rivalry between Teutonic and City of New York would endure as long as the two ships were scheduled to depart from Liverpool and New York on the same dates. The 30th of October 1889 found both clearing Liverpool and Queenstown the following day, City of New York passing Roche's Point at 1:54 p.m. followed by Teutonic at 2:33 p.m., beginning what The New York Times called "one of the most exciting ocean races that has ever been recorded," with the two ships, for the first time, in sight of one another for most of the way across. This time, Teutonic pipped the Inman liner by just half an hour, recording a passage time of 6 days 7 hours 16 mins. vs. 6 days 7 hours 16 mins. City of New York passed the "finish line" (Sandy Hook lightship) at 5:05 p.m. on 6 November and Teutonic followed at 5:14 p.m., but as she passed Daunt's Rock later, the time difference gave her the better time across.
The New York papers had a grand time recording the contest with The New York Times giving a rather City of New York perspective of the race but The Sun providing a more even handed account:
The time made by the steamship breaks no record, but the race between them was one of the closest and most exciting possible. They were within a few miles of each other in plain sight all the way across the ocean. They chased madly across the sea, their decks crowded with passengers, who became wildly excited over the contest. They were exactly abreast of each other at Fire Island at 3½ o'clock yesterday afternoon, and then gathering themselves for a supreme effort they plunged down the blue stretch of seas to the lightship. It was a tremendous race.
The time of ocean passage is computed between Roche's Point, the harbor of Queenstown, and the Sandy Hook lightship here. Both ships left Liverpool on the afternoon of Oct. 30, within an hour of each other, the Teutonic being delayed by her malls. The City of New York put into Queenstown at 7 o'clock, the following morning, last Thursday.
Half an hour later the Teutonic arrived. The City of New York again got to sea first. It was just 1:54 p.m. when she strode past Roche's Point out to sea, she marched right into the face of a head seas and a gale. She didn't mind it a bit. The Teutonic steamed past Roche's Point at 2:33 p.m. The 39 minutes headway which the City of New York thus had made her seem a good way oft to the Teutonic's passengers. Capt. Parsell, on the bridge of the Teutonic, said that the City of New York was not as far off as she seemed. He shook his fist, figuratively, at jolly Capt. Lewis of the the City of New York and vowed that the Teutonic would win that race or dreadful things would happen. The wind increased in the wake of the City of New York, and Capt. Parsell had a mighty heavy sea to contend with. But the Teutonic ploughed ahead just the same.
When the morning ot Friday dawned the City of New York was nowhere to he seen, and the Teutonic's passengers were very disconsolate. Along after 9 o'clock on Saturday there was a simultaneous cry from the passengers on the hurricane dock of the Teutonic. Away on to the eastward, sticking up against the gray sky were the three black smokestacks of the City of New York. At noon on Saturday the City of New York was only fifteen miles ahead of the Teutonic.
Then the race began in earnest. The heavy seas and north and northwest winds continued. The Teutonic never again lost sight of the City of New York. On Sunday at noon the relative places of the steamships had not changed a bit -- the City of New York was still fifteen miles ahead of the Teutonic. In the latter part of Sunday and on Sunday night the City of New York gained a little. On Monday noon she was nineteen miles ahead.
On Tuesday the City of New York was still nineteen miles in the lead. The Teutonic stopped to clean her machinery, and then forged ahead with renewed speed. At dawn of Wednesday the Teutonic was nearer the City of New York than ever. She gained on the Inman liner every minute during the forenoon, her passengers shouting and applauding. At noon of yesterday the Teutonic was only two miles behind the City of New York off the Long Island course, and had made the great run of 495 miles during the day then just ended.
Then at 3½ o'clock in the afternoon the lookout man in his eyrie at Fire Island roused all the shipping men in New York with the news that the Teutonic and the City of New York were exactly abreast off Fire Island. It was a short but fiery race to the Lightship. The Teutonic was slightly ahead at one time, but she feel back a little, and the ships passed the Lightship at the time as stated.
The Sun, 7 November 1889.
Teutonic's run was just 36 minutes behind her best westward passage time of 6 days 6 hours 46 mins. But still 2 hours 46 mins. behind City of New York's best time of 6 days 4 hours 17 mins. During the voyage both ships record remarkable exact daily runs: 461 miles on the third day and again on 5 November, 482 miles each. Teutonic's best day's run being 495 miles.
Among those aboard was Californian railroad magnate Collis P. Huntington and family.
Those great Atlantic racers, the Teutonic and the City of New York, will begin another six days' struggle for glory this morning. The remarkable and mighty close contest between the big ships in their last run from Queenstown to this port showed that they are pretty evenly matched. There will doubtless be more betting between passengers on this trip than has ever occurred in the history of steamship races. About 350 tons of coal will probably go skyward in smoke through the funnels of each ship every day.
The Sun, 13 November 1889.
City of New York left New York on 13 November 1889 at 8:50 a.m. and Teutonic at 9:05 a.m., among the latter's 500 passengers were Sir Lyon Playfair and Lady Playfair; Countess of Selkirk, Countess of Shrewsbury, and A. Stavely Hill, M.P.. Both ships went out in heavy fog and were barely moving by the time they got off Staten Island, and had to anchor for hours awaiting the fog to lift.
Those colossal racers, the Teutonic and the City of New York, got away from their docks within a quarter of an hour of each other, the City of New York ahead. They passed Quarantine almost abreast at 9:55, and proceeded seaward slowly and cautiously. The Athos of the Atlas line and the Advance of the States of the Brazilian mail line were coming into Quarantine just as the great racers wore going out. The White Star ship, according to passengers on the Advance, came within a few feet of shaving the stern off the Brazilian ship, and also passed dangerously near the Athos. The fog was so thick that the vessels were invisible to one another until they were a few hundred feet apart. The Teutonic reached the Hook at 1:35 in the afternoon. She stopped apparently to allow her pilot time to take an observation and decide whether or not it would be advisable to go on. She went on. The Inman steamship was not re: ported at the Hook, but she doubtless passed about the same time as her rival.
The Sun, 14 November 1889.
Teutonic cleared Sandy Hook at 3:33 p.m. followed by City of New York finally passed out of Sandy Hook at 7:50 p.m.. Making her fastest eastbound crossing to date, 6 days 6 hours 19 mins., Teutonic passed Roche's Point at 2:14 a.m.. on the 20 November 1889. She logged daily runs of 359, 424, 437, 439, 444, 443 and 270 nautical miles up to arrival. Leaving Queenstown for Liverpool at 11:25 p.m., she arrived there the following morning. The whereabouts of City of New York were initially in doubt until it was reported by the Inman agents that she had broken a crank pin on her port shaft in mid ocean and made the remainder of the crossing on her starboard engine.
It will be thus seen than the new White Star liner is improving in speed each passage, according as her gigantic engines are getting into working order. The passengers who disembarked here this morning from the Teutonic said the remarkable and mighty close contest between the big ships in their last run from Queenstown to the far western port showed that they were pretty evenly matched, and consequently more betting took place amongst the travellers on board each ship as they embarked on the present voyage than has ever occurred in the history of steamship races. They estimated that about 350 tons of coal went skyward in smoke through the funnels of the White Star steamship every clay during her trip across the Atlantic.
Belfast News-Letter, 21 November 1889.
City of New York was off for the rest the year for a much needed refit by her builders in Glasgow so the "racing season," too, was over for the timebeing. So rather missing the anticipatory drama of all her Liverpool departures since entering service, Teutonic sailed on 27 November 1889 but storm conditons entailed embarking her passengers directly in Alexandra Dock rather than off the Landing Stage:
Yesterday Madame Adelina Patti-Nicolini, the great operatic diva, together with her husband, Signor Nicolini, and a number of distinguished operatic stars, embarked on board the White Star steamer Teutonic for New York. It had been arranged that a special boat have left the Prince's stage at noon with the Patti party on board, but thin arrangement was not carried out owing to the severity of the storm on Tuesday, which prevented the Teutonic and other Atlantic-bound steamers from getting out of dock. Madame Patti, her husband, and company, who bad arrived at the North-Western Hotel about 4.30 on Tuesday afternoon, decided to proceed in carriages to the Alexandra Dock and embark there. Among those on board the Teutonic are Miss Beaumester, Madame Patti's lady companion, Mr. H.M. Bowen, Madame Nordica, Signor Morini, and others. The steamer also carries Mr. J, R. Roosevelt and Mrs. Roosesvelt (of the American Embassy), Mr. Poultaney Bigelow (a member of the New York Press, who was specially invited to Athens by the German Emperor on the occasion of the Royal marriage there) and Mrs. Poulteney Bigalow (a well-known American litterateur). Among others are Count John Good, the Hon. George Duncan and Mrs. Duncan, and others.
Liverpool Daily Post, 28 November 1889.
During the ensuing call at Queenstown from 8:40 a.m.-2:18 p.m. on 28 November 1889, "A few of the saloon passengers who visited Queenstown yesterday from the steamer Teutonic were so struck with the singing of one the street ballad boys, that they induced him to travel to New York with them, paying his passage, fitting him out in a fresh suit of clothes and promising to look after him in New York. The boy’s name is Johnny Ryan, about 12 years of age. " (Cork Constitution, 29 November 1889).

Expected to arrive at New York on 4 December 1889, Teutonic was a no show and did not come off Sandy Hook Lightship until 7:38 a.m. the following morning and given the time of year, the reason for her tardiness was as expected: Winter North Atlantic. "Westerly storms prevailed the great portion of the voyage. On Nov. 30 the gale was severe, with high head seas. On Dec. 2 it blew violently, and a very heavy head sea was running. The ship was obliged to dive into the head seas and her decks were flooded a number of times; but there was no accident. The passengers were obliged to remain below during the storm. Owing to the severity of the gale, the day's run of the Teutonic was only 305 miles." (New York Times, 6 December). The members of the Patti Opera Company were met by Mr. Henry E. Abbey, New York director of the company, on his yacht Stella and the steamer Laura M. Starin, with the 71st Regiment Band, off Quarantine. The band played "Home, Sweet Home" as Teutonic came alongside her berth.

Making her last voyage of a most eventful first year, Teutonic cleared New York at 7:55 a.m. on 11 December 1889, numbering among her 1,250 passengers William Astor. It was reckoned to be the worst weather crossing the ship had yet experienced and Capt. Parsall said "he had never known a worse passage," with the whole crossing made in a tremendous gales and for three days passengers were confined below decks. The Belfast News-Letter published an abstract of her log: " On the 12th and 13th a strong gale and high sea prevailed with north-west to south-west wind; 14th. South-west to west-north-west breeze; 15th, west-north-west breeze; 17th south-south-west to south-west. From the 12th to 17th a strong gale with high seas prevailed. On the 18th, south-south-east wind." On arrival at Queenstown on the 18th, it was so foggy that she bypassed the port and proceeded direct to Liverpool, docking there that evening at 8:00 p.m..
On 12 December 1889 The New York Times reported that Teutonic would laid up in Liverpool until February, adding that "the Inman steamship City of New York will probably again be at work by that time, and a revival of the races between these well-matched ocean greyhounds may then be looked for." The Sun stated that "she [Teutonic] will be put in dry dock and groomed for racing in the spring."
In 1889, Teutonic made 5 westbound and 5 eastbound crossings.
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White Star sailing list c. 1889-90. National Museums NI. |
1890
Nearing the end of her winter refitting in Alfred Dock, fire broke out early the morning of 31 January 1890 in a storeroom between the main and lower decks aboard Teutonic filled with mattresses and "the fire extinguishing apparatus on board the vessel was speedily got in readiness by Mr. Rinder, the officer on duty, and in less than an hour the flames were put out. The amount of damage is not known." (Liverpool Mercury, 1 February 1890). Later reports indicated "a good deal of damage was done"
The emigrant season opened at Liverpool today, when the landing stage represented a very animated appearance. The White Star steamer Teutonic sailed for New York with over a thousand passengers, most of them steerage, the greater portion of them being Scandinavian.
Belfast Telegraph, 19 February 1890.
Resuming service with her 19 February 1890 to New York, the Liverpool Mercury noted she left with "nearly 1,000 emigrants," and on departure from Queenstown the following day, went out with 1,100 passengers, "being a full complement of saloon, second cabin, and steerage, probably an unprecedented occurrence at this season of the year." (The Times, 21 February). She arrived at New York the morning of the 27th, making the trip in the "excellent time" (New York Times, 1 March) of 6 days 7 hours 10 mins. which even published an abstract of her log:
Teutonic left New York on her first eastbound crossing of the year at 5:30 p.m. on 5 March 1890, going out with £9,600 in specie, and arriving at Liverpool on the 13th
When Teutonic cleared Liverpool on 19 March 1890, the Liverpool Mercury said she left "with the greatest number of passengers that have been taken out by any steamer this year. The steamer was full in each class, an unmistakable proof of her popularity." Among her passengers was the American-born Duchess of Marlborough, "who has at her disposal on board the most expensive and elaborate suite on the ship, and is accompanied by three maids," (Cork Constitution, 21 March). Calling at Queenstown the next day, 8:55 a.m.-2:00 p.m., Teutonic reached New York the morning of the 28th, docking at the foot of W. 10th street at 7:58 a.m..
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Credit: The Evening World, 9 April 1890. |
J.P. Morgan was among those sailing from New York on 2 April 1890, "his destination is one of the famous health resorts which he visits with father every year," (The Sun, 2 April). Teutonic gave him her fastest eastbound crossing to date, besting her previous 6 days 6 hour 19 min. mark with a 6 day 4 hour 23 min. passage from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock with daily runs of 364, 447, 456, 457, 458, 462 and 276.. On the 6th she reported passing "close to two very large icebergs." She arrived off Roche's Point at 2:53 a.m. on the 8th and landed passengers and mail there and proceeded to Liverpool.
Departing Liverpool on 16 April 1890 and pausing at Queenstown the following day, Teutonic left at 7:50 a.m. for New York. Beginning to really find her speed that season, she arrived at New York on the 23rd, logging 6 days 5 hours 50 mins. for the passage from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook, just a few minutes off her existing best westbound crossing to date, and recorded a best day's run of 508 miles.
Teutonic left New York on 30 April 1890, called at Queenstown 7-8:00 a.m. on 7 May and arrived at Liverpool later that day, safely docked despite a strong flood tide by Pilot William Owen.
The ship's 14 May 1890 sailing from Liverpool was marred by the death of an embarking saloon passenger, R.J. Baines of Scotland, aged 60, who suffered an apoplectic fit on the landing stage as he was about to board the tender out to Teutonic anchored in the stream, and pronounced dead on arrival at hospital. Calling the next day at Queenstown, 8:10 a.m.-2:10 p.m., Teutonic proceeded to New York where she arrived late on the 23rd and docked the next morning.
From New York on 28 May 1890, Teutonic made Queenstown at 11:50 a.m. on 4 June and arrived at Liverpool late the same day.
Clearing Liverpool on 11 June 1890 and Queenstown at 2:00 p.m. the following day, Teutonic got into New York the afternoon of the 18th and made another smart passage of 6 days 7 hours 8 mins. from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook despite taking the southern route to avoid ice (Capt. Irving reported still sighting nine bergs of various sizes on the 16th) and facing strong westerlies the first half of the voyage. Her daily runs across were 442, 461, 440, 456, 490, 478 and 100 miles.
During her call at New York it was reported that the New York Dock Board would construct new longer piers to accommodation ships like Teutonic, Majestic and City of New York and City of Paris which were about 100 feet longer than their present piers in the port. The piers, nos. 44, 45, 46, 47, were to be built at the foot of Christopher, W. 10th and Charles Streets.
Teutonic sailed from New York at 11:00 a.m. on 25 June 1890, called at Queenstown on 2 July, leaving there at 8:30 a.m. for Liverpool where she arrived later that day.
There was great rejoicing among the White Star steamship people to-day.
The Teutonic has outdone herself on the westward voyage, and if a distance run be considered, has equalled the fastest time of any ship.
The Evening World, 16 July 1890.
To the surprise of many of the best-informed persons in shipping circles here the White Star steamship Teutonic put in her appearance early yesterday morning and proved herself very close rival to the celebrated City of Paris.
New York Times, 17 July 1890.
The White Star steamship Teutonic destroyed, yesterday, a very general impression that she never would be able to make six-day trip across the Atlantic. Her best record seemed to justify this belief, and caused many who thought they knew a thing or two about steamships to look upon her something of a twin-screw failure. So everybody but her agents, who have all along declared that she would sometime develop unexpected speed. were much surprised to read that she had made the run from Queenstown in 5 days 21 hours and 55 minutes. This is faster than the record of any steamship in service, aud only 2 hours and 37 minutes slower than the record of the City of Paris.
The Sun, 17 July 1890.
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Credit: The World, 17 July 1890. |
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Credit: Paul Louden-Brown White Star Line Collection, Museums NI. |
Clearing the Mersey at 4:00 p.m. on 9 July 1890 and Queenstown at 1:52 p.m. the following day with 313 saloon and 845 steerage passengers, Teutonic was nurturing her greyhound instincts on this trip and finding her new screws to her liking. Passing Roche's Point at 2:20 p.m. on the 10th, she reached Sandy Hook at 7:15 a.m. on the 16th in 5 days 21 hours 55 mins., her fastest westbound crossing yet. It was still just short of City of Paris' existing record, set the previous August, of 5 days 19 hours 18 mins., although Teutonic's route totalled 2,838 miles or 50 more than the Inman liner. She logged daily runs of 474, 490, 482, 494, 494 and 407 with fair wind and weather all the way across except the last day when she encountered headwinds and a head sea. The average speed was 19.99 knots compared to City of Paris' 20.01 knots. Her performance put Teutonic second to City of Paris and ahead of Etruria (6 days 1 hour) and City of New York's 6 day 4 hour 17 min. best westbound. "The Teutonic brought 192 saloon passengers from Liverpool. They might have lunched in Liverpool Thursday last and in New York to-day, for the beautiful ship was moored at her pier before 11 o'clock this morning." (The Evening World, 16 July).

On board the steamship Teutonic, the pride of the White Star Line, there are a lot of jolly good fellows who believe in and live up to the motto that 'All work and no play maxes Jack dull boy.' Consequently they organized an athletic club the object of which is to arrange for a picnic in port at such times as one can conveniently be held. Yesterday was one of these convenient days, and about one hundred and fifty of the men on the Teutonic, together with about an equal number of invited guests, went to Oak Point and enjoyed themselves as only crowd of sailors can when let loose on shore.
From the White Star Live pier the steamer Fletcher carried the pleasure seekers. A band or an orchestra did not have to be hired. Among the men were a harpist, three banjoists, mandolin player, piccolo player and two operators on concertinas. These furnished all the music that was to their medleys, reels, jigs and hornpipes necessary. were the danced and had ballads the were sung. The players and singers all latest 'catch' songs at their merrily fingers therefore and that tongues' ends. Time passed so merrily therefore that the start had seemingly just been made when Oak Point was reached.
Arrived at the grounds, the picnickers scattered, as picnickers will do, to find the amusement that best suited them. The majority went on to the field to witness the athletic contests. The interest in these was intense for the reason that everybody knew everybody else. The games were very creditable. The programme was very long, yet Harry Etobeile, who was master of ceremonies, bandied the men so well that it was finished long before sundown.
After the dinner games the party went to dinner, and after dinner there was an exhibition sword drill by by H. Hamper, Samuel who J. Woods, and J. Linford, all ex-cavalrymen who had served in the British army. There was also prize contest between singers was of comic songs, which W. Giddens won. It after 9 o'clock, when the picnickers started for home, and an hour later they were landed on the White Star pier, singing 'God Save the Queen.'
New York Times, 20 July 1890.
Sailing from New York on 9:30 a.m. on 23 July 1890, Teutonic, again, had to skip her call at Queenstown when she arrived there on the 30th in such dense fog that she proceeded direct to Liverpool, arriving at 3:00 p.m. on the 31st, logging seven days from departure from New York.
More than just the beginning of another trans-Atlantic voyage, Teutonic's next departure from Liverpool ushered in another round of rivalry between her and the Inman liner City of New York for speed, abetted by the coincidence of schedules that conspired have the two ships departing Queenstown and New York not only on the same day of the week but at the same hour. It encouraged by a press and public eager for it, an extraordinary "racing season" between the two ships that has never been duplicated in trans-Atlantic history and at a time when the ocean liner captured the public imagination more than any other period. It was, too, uniquely, not a battle of supremacy between nations, and that both ships were British designed and built, manned by Britons and owned by British firms put the contest in the context of an era when Great Britain literally did "rule the waves" and her shipbuilding, marine engineering and marine mercantile empire were supreme on the world's ocean highways.
With a glittering passenger list that included The Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., Mrs. J. Chamberlain, Mr. and Miss Chamberlain, the Right Hon. Sir Lyon David Playfair, K.C.B., M.P., Lady Playfair, Sir David MacPherson, Lady MacPherson, Sir James Russell, C.M. G. (chief justice of Hong Kong), Hon. Oliver Ames, Governor of Massachusetts and family, V.A. Nelson Hood, Hon. E. Pelhain, Hon. I. B. Grummond, Mrs. Grummond, Mrr. M. Davenport Macdowell and Mrs. F. Davenport Macdowell, better known as Miss Fanny Davenport, the well-known American actress, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 6 August 1890 and from Queenstown at 1:47 p.m. the following afternoon.
Teutonic was embarking on one of the most celebrated of all liner "races" for she cleared Queenstown 23 minutes after Inman's City of New York passed Daunt's Rock. From the moment the two ships departed for New York, newspapers picked up the story of an epic race in the offing.
What may be a very lively race between two ocean steamships began yesterday afternoon at Queenstown. The City of New York of the Inman line passed Roche's Point at 1:35 o'clock. and the Teutonic of the White Star line followed her 25 minutes later. This is the first time since the retirement City of Paris that the Teutonic and the City of New York have started from Queenstown together. There is not slightest doubt that the skipper of each racing, craft will do his level best to beat the other fellow, and lots of money will be wagered on the result in the cabins.
The Teutonic has a better record than her rival, having made the run from Queenstown last month in 5 days 21 hours and 55 minutes. The City of New York has covered the course in 6 days 4 hours and 17 minutes, but she has beaten the Teutonic once. She has also made a single day's faster run (502 knots) than the Teutonic, whose best effort has been only 495 knots.
In order to equal the unexcelled trip of the City of Paris (5 days 19 hours and 18 minutes). the racers will have to get past Sandy Hook Lightship before 4 o'clock next Wednesday morning.
The Sun, 8 August 1890.
The spirited rivalry between the Inman and White Star line steamers is well known, but through a change of sailing schedule Spring the lovers of transatlantic racing were disappointed, because none of the fast steamships came in direct competition; but now they are to be gratified. Yesterday afternoon the Teutonic and City of New York left Queenstown within a half hour of each other. The cable announced that the City of New York passed Roche's Point at 1.35 o'clock, while fact that Teutonic followed her at 2 o'clock. The fact that they had sailed about the same time excited the greatest interest in maritime circles, and the officials or both lines, although they are very reticent about saying anything, are anxiously awaiting the outcome of the vessels' test of their respective speeding qualities in their 3,000-mile across Atlantic.
The World, 8 August 1890.
It is authoritatively given out that both the City of New York and the Teutonic, before leaving Queenstown, received emphatic orders from their owners to take an extreme southerly course in making this passage, owing to the great prevalence their of icebergs. This will probably delay arrival by a day.
New York Times, 8 August 1890.
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Credit: Paul Louden-Brown White Star Line Collection, National Museums NI. |
For Teutonic, her Blue Ensign would be joined by Blue Riband (in fact years before the term was even used) upon her passing Sandy Hook Lightship at 4:20 a.m. on 13 August 1890, 5 days 19 hours 5 mins. after passing Daunt's Rock.
R.M.S. Teutonic Daily Runs
7 August left Roche's Point, 2:15 p.m.
Arrived Sandy Hook 4:20 a.m.
Average speed 20.175 knots
Average coal consumption: 320 tons a day
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Credit: The Sun, 14 August 1890. |
City of New York put in her best westbound trip, logging 5 days 22 hours 7 mins. , besting her previous run of 6 days 4 hours 17 mins, eight hours faster. Teutonic's best days run of 512 miles still did top City of Paris' mark of 515.
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Credit: The Evening World, 13 August 1890. |
The officers of the Teutonic as well as the passengers were highly elated over the victory that had been won, and as she steamed up the harbor early this morning from Quarantine, all her available bunting was flying, and steam whistles tooting vigorously in honor of the great event.
The Evening World, 13 August 1890.
Teutonic's Purser T.H. Russell gave a full account of the voyage to The Evening World:
'Everything was in our favor,' said he, 'and we couldn't help knocking all the records sky high.
'From the first day out the prevailing winds were from the East, and this helped us along. Then, too, the ship behaved beautifully, and altogether it was one of the finest voyages I ever made.
'The interest in this trip was greatly increased by the fact that the Inman steamer City of New York left the harbor of Queenstown almost at the same time we did.
' We got of an away, about three-quarters of hour later however, than about the City of New York, for we had to lie in inside harbor for the mails, while the latter started from the lower harbor.
'When we passed Roche's Point we saw the City of New York steaming along about eight or ten miles ahead of us.
'That was last Thursday afternoon, and at sundown we had almost overhauled her.
'The next morning the New York was on our starboard beam several miles to the northward, and during the day we kept her in sight all the time, though the distance between the two vessels kept widening all the time, and during the afternoon we could just see her off on the horizon.
'Saturday we lost sight of her entirely and did not see her again till this morning, when she came up from Sandy Hook just about three hours after we had passed the light.
' Of course all the passengers were greatly interested in the race at its start. and the excitement was kept up during the whole trip. Judging from the time we were making, however, we knew very well that there was no danger that the City of New York would overhaul us before we reached this side.
The Evening World, 13 August 1890.
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Credit: The New York Times, 14 August 1890. |
There were several very close and exciting races between the Teutonic and the City of New York last season, and in the majority of these the latter vessel seemed to be rather the better boat of the two. During the Winter both were laid up. The City of New York's machinery was overhauled and the Teutonic was provided with new screws. The vessels, however, had different sailing dates in the early part of the season. When it was announced last week by cable that the two rivals had left Liverpool together great interest was aroused in shipping circles here and some money was wagered upon the result, Teutonic being a slight favorite owing to the fact that her last westward voyage had been much faster than anything which the City of New York had done.
The racers left Liverpool Aug. 6 and proceeded down the Channel at an easy rate of speed. On board each were a number of distinguished persons, Joseph Chamberlain, the English statesman and his family; Sir Lyon and Lady Playfair, Sir David MacPherson, Miss Fanny Davenport, and Adrian Iselin, Jr. were among those on the Teutonic, while Mrs. Lincoln, the wife of the American Minister at London, and Miss Maude Branscombe were among those on the City of New York.
The morning of Aug. 7 the vessels dropped anchor Queenstown Harbor and took on mails and passengers preparatory to starting upon the race. The City of New York was the first to weigh her anchor and to proceed toward Roche's the Point, which was to be the starting place of long course over which the boats were to race. It was about 1:30 o'clock when the City of New York passed over the line and headed of out the to sea. Shortly afterward the heavy anchor Teutonic came to the surface, and she slowly got underway. Her speed gradually increased, until at 2:15 she swept swiftly past Roche's Point and sped after her rival, which had the lead of her. It was a stern chase in which every soul on board took a deep interest.
As the afternoon advanced it seemed as if the three huge smokestacks and the masts of the City of New York were growing larger. The Teutonic was certainly gaining, but the other boat was still a long distance ahead. When darkness settled down upon the ocean the City of New York was still flying along in the lead, but with the Teutonic in hot pursuit. During the night the lights of each boat could be made out from the other. Shortly after midnight it seemed to the officers of the Teutonic that they were overhauling the City of New York, but when daylight broke Friday morning the latter was still in the lead, although her rival had undoubtedly gained upon her.
At 10 o'clock, however, Teutonic could not be made out from the decks of the City of New York. The vessel hoped that they had gained the people lead. During Friday night the vessels were able to make out each other's lights. Aft of the Teutonic could be seen the from lights from the City of New York. At daybreak Saturday the Inman boat The Teutonic had put on a splendid burst of speed and was rushing through the water at a rate that caused those on the City of New York anxiety. At noon the Teutonic swept by her rival and took the lead.
The Teutonic gradually increased her lead Saturday afternoon, and at sunset was several miles ahead. At 1 o'clock Sunday morning the lights of Teutonic were seen from the City of New York and were estimated to be about nine miles ahead. That was the last that the City of New York saw of the Teutonic until yesterday morning when the vessels were in port.
The New York Times, 14 August 1890.
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Credit: The Sun, 14 August 1890. |
Two giant steamships completed yesterday, abeam of the red light vessel off Sandy Hook, the most magnificent ocean race on record. The City of New York of the Inman line lost but covered herself with glory. and the Teutonic of the Whit, Star line won, Whatever their commanders may say to the contrary, the mighty craft were run for all they were worth. Each Captain left Queenstown on Thursday afternoon with the distinct idea of getting here first. It was just as much of a struggle for glory as the ante-bellum contests of Mississippi steamboats with niggers on the safety valves.
The Sun, 14 August 1890.
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Credit: New York Tribune, 14 August 1890. |
Much credit was paid to the stokers of Teutonic, "they played a very important part, generally much underestimated, in helping the Teutonic to victory. The White Star ship had a more experienced crew of stokers than the City of New York." (The Sun).

The race was headline news in all the New York newspapers which featured it in last minute extra editions and it was literally the talk of the town when New York was indeed the greatest port in the western hemisphere and the waterfronts of the North River and East Rivers the gateway to the continent and the world with a mighty island metropolis between them. "The news that a fresh ocean record had been made soon spread. Along the wharves groups of sailors and longshoremen discussed it, and other groups listened while one of their number read the accounts of the race from the 'extras.' In hotel lobbies and in the club every one was talking of the Teutonic's triumph, and the subject seemed, oddly enough, to be particularly pleasing to railroad men." (The World, 14 August 1890).
Amid some grumbling by supporters of the Inman boat regarding the time Teutonic passed the Sandy Hook lightship, the record seemed at first fairly her's. Well, not quite… the object of endless disputes, it was eventually not accepted by the Maritime Exchange or Inman Line and City of Paris' westbound record (5 days 19 hours 18 mins) was, in the end, intact for the time being.
And, as schedules would have it, both she and City of New York would depart New York for Queenstown at 8:00 a.m. on 20 August 1890.
New York had never seen quite like it when City of New York sailed at 8:07 p.m. on 20 August 1890 followed 38 minutes later by Teutonic, both bound for Queenstown, seen off hundreds of spectators and embarking on the most heralded ocean line race from the port to date.
Another great ocean race was commenced this morning, and hundreds of people saw the beginning of it from the piers of the White Star and Inman lines.
The former line had as its representative the graceful and fleet Teutonic, whose last trip westward raised such a furor in maritime circles.
The Inman line sent to the scratch the City of New York, the twin sister of the holder of the record, the City of Paris.
The Inman liner was the first to start and the crowd cheered when she backed away from her pier at exactly 8.07 o'clock, and the same crowd cheered the Teutonic when the latter followed her rival just thirty eight minutes later.
Of course time will not be taken until the vessels pass out of the harbor, and then will commence one of the greatest ocean races ever known.
Both vessels will be in plain sight of each other for days, and those of the passengers who used to travel on the Mississippi years ago will have those days of steamer racing brought vividly to mind.
The Evening World, 20 August 1890.
It was reported that Capt. Watkins of City of New York had engaged "a more competent crew of firemen" than he had on the westbound trip. He went out with 178 saloon and 225 steerage passengers whilst Teutonic had 373 saloon and 415 steerage aboard. Both were looking to beat City of Paris' eastbound record of 5 days 22 hours mins. City of New York passed Sandy Hook at 9:46 a.m. and Teutonic at 10:06 a.m. and… the race was on.
The Teutonic and the City of New York are now churning the ocean waves as hard as their propellers can be whirled by their gigantic engines, the Captain of the Teutonic determined to be ahead again on the voyage back home, and the Captain of the City of New York fully as determined to defeat him if he can. The knowledge that the two ocean greyhounds would start on another race yesterday, notwithstanding the assurances of the officers to the contrary, attracted large numbers of persons to the piers of both steamers, that are not far apart. Smoke was issuing in thick volumes from the funnels of both racers, and passengers and baggage were hurried aboard.
The New York Times, 21 August 1890.
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Credit: The Evening World, 26 August 1890. |
This time, City of New York prevailed, arriving off the Fastnet at 12:25 p.m. on 26 August 1890 followed by Teutonic at 2:30 p.m., although City of New York's 6-day 40-min run did not beat her sister's 5 day 22 hour 50 min. record. Her daily runs were 461, 441, 439, 457, 460, 461 and 65 (to Queenstown). Teutonic arrived at Queenstown at 6:16 p.m., logging 6 days 2 hours 45 mins from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock, 2 hours 30 mins. Behind her Inman rival, with daily runs of 457, 436, 434, 468, 458, 440 and 106 nautical miles. It was stated that she had encountered fog and slowed down on account of it.
With Sir George Baden-Powell, K.C.M.G., M.P; The Most Rev. Dr. Corrigan, Archbishop of New York and the Hon. and Mrs. Chauncey M. Depew among her 300 First, 191 Second and 989 Third Class passengers, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 3 September 1890. Teutonic cleared Queenstown at 2:58 p.m. on the 4th and City of New York at 2:45 p.m.. So that the prospect of another race westwards between them was in the offing and "cable dispatches say there is much betting among the passengers of the two ships," (The Sun, 5 September).
It was the White Star line's turn to brag and feel well to-day, for the Teutonic has turned the tables upon the fleet City of New York and beaten the Inman liner from Queenstown to Sandy Hook by two hours and forty-five minutes.
The Evening World, 10 September 1890.
From the way the Teutonic hurries over to this country one might think that she was more than half American. Going the other way, the City of New York manages to beat her.
The Sun, 11 September 1890.
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Credit: The New York Times, 11 September 1890. |
In this epic see-saw struggle, it was Teutonic's clear triumph. Passing Daunt's Rock at 3:11 p.m. on 4 September 1890, she arrived off Sandy Hook lightship at 7:05 a.m. on the 10th, logging 5 days, 20 hours and 54 mins. With daily runs of 424, 480, 470, 494, 509 and 397 nautical miles. She came in 2 hours 45 mins. ahead of City of New York and had her passengers coming down the gangways at W. 10th Street at 9:50 a.m. Southwest winds and heads seas the first three days out foiled any proper record run but the race was decidely won in her favour. City of New York clocked 5 days 23 hours 49 mins. Teutonic's crossing made the total number of "less than six-day" runs stand at 13 altogether.
To say that Capt. Irving is pleased with the performance of his ship is putting it very mildly. The Teutonic has now won two heats out of three from the City of New York this season.
This evening the passengers gave a concert in the saloon, Dr. Chauncey M. Depew presiding. Gen. Horace Porter delivered an oration, concluding with a eulogum on the management of the ship.
The Evening World, 10 September 1890.
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Credit: The Evening World, 17 September 1890. |
The occasional newspaper reader in summer-autumn 1890 might have confused the trans-Atlantic mail services of White Star and Inman Lines to rather be competing stables at some race course and on 17 September 1890 it was "Ocean Racers Off Again, Teutonic and New York Sail Neck and Neck Together,"(The Evening World), as both ships cleared New York that morning, the Inman liner passing out of Sandy Hook at 8:36 a.m. and Teutonic at 8:57 a.m..

Apparently City of New York wanted nothing more than to get as far away from her namesake as her engines and stokers could achieve and, once again, she won the eastbound contest, getting to Daunt's Rock on 23 September 1890, 5 days 23 hours and 14 mins vs. Teutonic's 5 days 23 hours and 35 mins. City of Paris' eastbound record of 5 days 22 hours 50 mins. set on Christmas Day 1889 still standing. This most recent contest by City of New York and Teutonic was decided by a mere 14 minutes: "There has never been a closer contest in the history of transatlantic hustling." (The Sun, 24 September).

With another passenger list populated by "notables," including the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough, Mr. A.B. Forword, M.P, Baron R. de Vriere, the Hon. Kenneth Bowes-Lyon; and Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Pulitzer, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 1 October 1890 and cleared Queenstown at 1:45 p.m.. Of course, City of New York, too, was outbound from the Irish port, departing at 1:27 p.m. and the New York papers were already onto another race. The Evening World repeating the Dunlap Cable News Special of 2 October: "Queenstown, Oct. 2.-- The City of New York left here at 1:27 p.m. , to-day, and the Teutonic at 1:45 in good trim for their race across the Atlantic. The weather was splendid." Racing seemed good for business with Teutonic going out with 284 First, 192 saloon and 1,007 steerage and City of New York with 508 First, 191 Second and 405 steerage passengers.
The race just ended was one of the most exciting of the series for the two big steamships were within sight of each other during a great part of the passage.
They left Roaches Point within nine minutes of each other early in the afternoon of last Thursday. At the beginning of the voyage there was good deal of rough weather and head winds, and during Friday heavy fog shut out the view.
They were both making every effort to stake the lead, but when the fog lifted Saturday morning it was seen, that the City of Now York was still in the lead, the distance between the two vessels being not more than six miles.
Their relative positions were held until late Sunday night. when the big Inman liner began to draw away from her competitor, and on Sunday morning nothing could be seen of her.
The City of New York was sighted off Sandy Hook this morning at 6.19, and the Teutonic came up at 7. 44.
The fog was so thick off the bar, however, that nothing could be seen of the latter when the City of New York left Quarantine at 8.15 this morning.
The Evening World, 8 October 1890.
The fifth of these remarkable trans-Atlantic races was won by City of New York, her first westbound triumph, which arrived at New York the morning of 8 October 1890, having crossed from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook in 5 days 21 hours 19 mins. vs Teutonic which logged 5 days 22 hours 19 mins. or exactly one hour more to the minute. "Capt. Irving, of the Teutonic, had no excuses to offer and acknowledged that he had been fairly beaten." (The Evening World, 8 October).
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Credit: The Evening World, 8 October 1890. |
When the Teutonic got to her pier at the foot of Christopher Street, she was greeted by the cheers of hundreds of enthusiastic people who were assembled on the deck, and the Teutonic's passengers returned cheer for cheer as the big steamer moved majestically to her berth.
The World, 9 October 1890.
She is a magnificent boat in every way. She is not only capable of attaining remarkable speed, but one feels not the least vibration when she going at a twenty-knot gait. The service and the discipline of her officers and crew are simply perfect and worthy of emulation of every other transatlantic line. I have travelled on many ships, but none has ever given me more pleasure than in travelling than the Teutonic. She is, indeed, a grand vessel.
U.S. Senator Leland Stanford (California, Republican), The World, 9 October 1890.
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Credit: The Evening World, 17 September 1890. |
Another ocean race was started this morning, when at 6 o'clock the City of New York sailed on her eastern voyage. The Teutonic was moving within ten minutes, and as soon as they passed Sandy Hook full speed was put on, and the beautiful racers quickly disappeared from sight.
The Evening World, 15 October 1890.
Before the bar at Sandy Hook was sufficiently and regularly dredged, the big liners, like the Inman sisters and Teutonic and Majestic's departure times from New York were tide dependent. On 15 October 1890 it meant both were off at 6:00 a.m. so their passengers (100 and 200 saloon aboard each respectively) embarked the previous evening. They went out with NDL's Saale and Red Star's Friesland but no one much cared about those two, the eyes of the press were focused on the next eastbound race between the Inman and White Star greyhounds. City of New York passed out of Sandy Hook at 7:40 a.m. followed by Teutonic at 7:45 a.m. and the race eastwards was on.
Interest in these races was extraordinary, even for the era, and New York paper featured "progress reports" based on sightings of the two from passing liners just arrived at New York:
Interest in the eastward race of the steamship flyers, the City of New York and the Teutonic, is greatly heightened by the reports of incoming ships which have sighted them. The Teutonic and the City of New York got away from this port last Wednesday morning, the former ship being five minutes ahead at Sandy Hook. They were sighted Thursday morning by the Normannia, the White Star liner about twelve miles in the lead. The Edam saw them later the same day, when the City of New York had cut down the gap to half a mile.
Before midnight of Thursday, when the Suevia passed the racers, the conditions had been reversed. The City of New York was at least three miles farther eastward than the Teutonic, both steaming on the same parallel of latitude, 43 degrees 48 seconds They were then about 650 miles out, and should reach Queenstown about 9 o'clock to-morrow morning.
The Evening World, 20 October 1890.

The first news of the results of the race were flashed by telegraph from the station at Brow Head that Teutonic had passed there at 9:27 a.m. on 21 October 1890 and City of New York at 11:39 a.m. and then 9:30 a.m. Despite a mishap to her starboard engine when the pin to the eccentric gave way and had to replaced, entailing the vessel steaming only on the port engine at 13 knots for five hours, Teutonic still beat her rival and logged 5 days 23 hours 57 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock, the difference being 2 hours 52 mins., the Inman liner clocking 6 days 2 hours 27 mins. The official times for Teutonic was passing out of Sandy Hook at 7:51 a.m. on the 15th and arriving off Roche's Point at 12:45 p.m. and for City of New York, from Sandy Hook at 7:35 a.m. and passing Roche's Point at 2:30 p.m.. Teutonic's daily runs for the crossing were 77, 461, 450, 448, 457, 454 and 442 and those of City of New York were 72, 442, 431, 439, 443, 440, and 455. Another record was set in the delivery of the English mails by R.M.S. Teutonic via Queenstown which were despatched by the 1:40 p.m. mail train and delivered in London the following morning.
Here, it should be noted that initial reports put Teutonic's run at 5 days 19 hours, thus breaking City of Paris' record for the eastbound passage but was corrected and the Inman liner still remained supreme in that respect.
On leaving the American shores there was, as usual, much excitement amongst the passengers, each traveller laying dollars on the vessel he was taking passage by. For the first day they were in sight of each other, the City of New York maintaining the lead she obtained in starting first until night-time, when darkness shut the ship out of view of the other. and next morning they had separated so widely one did not sight the other, and remained apart during the rest of the voyage. The only incidents occurring on the passage of the steamers was that the starboard engines of the Teutonic were stopped for five live hours this morning when nearing the Irish coast by the pin of the eccentric having given way, during which time the big ship was only able to steam thirteen knots an hour by the aid of the port engines. On the 18th, the Inman liner ran into a dense fog, and for one hour she was stopped in consequence. Fine weather was experienced by each ship all the way across the Atlantic, light l winds prevailing from the north-west, north-east, and south-west.
Belfast News-Letter, 22 October 1890.
Teutonic continued to feature the great personalities of the age in her passenger lists. Among those embarking at Liverpool on 29 October 1890 was famous American African explorer H.M. Stanley, and Mrs. Stanley, who had been guests of T.H. Ismay at Dawpool, Thurstaston, prior to leaving England. Others aboard included Lady Arthur Wellesley, Mr. Burdett-Coutts, M.P. and the Hon. George Hoadlby, ex-Governor of Ohio. Teutonic cleared Queenstown the next day at 2:00 p.m., about ten minutes after City of New York left.
There was little in the nature of racing for either ship. Teutonic, expected to arrive at New York the morning of 5 November 1890 and indeed a party of friends and associates of H.M. Stanley had gone down to the Bay by steamer to welcome him, was a no show by 2:00 p.m. when the evening editions were printed. Similarly late was City of New York, but she was spotted off Fire Island at 2:10 p.m. and made it to her pier by that evening. Passing Fire Island at 9:00 p.m. Teutonic arrived off Quarantine at midnight, too late to undergo inspection and docked the following morning and H.M. Stanley greeted by "eager, admiring friends," although it was said he had suffered from seasickness during a rough crossing featuring a westerly gale and head seas. As for the "race" with City of New York, Teutonic was soundly thrashed by a good seven hours by the fleet Inman liner. But she did not have H.M. Stanley aboard and largely ignored by the press as a consequence. Indeed, her 7 hour 3 min crossing time was her slowest of the season. For Teutonic, it was an eventful voyage in myriad not too satisfying ways.

Although not up to the high standard of speed already established by the Teutonic, the trip was not without its exciting features. The rough seas gave the passengers a more than ordinary tussle with seasickness, and during a part of the time debarred all but the hardiest from on deck. Then there was an electrical promenades display on board which officers the passengers called fire, although the refused to call it so. In The Times not long ago attention was called to the methods of wiring the fast steamships for electric lights, and it was pointed out that danger was to be feared from the imperfect insulation adopted for sake of economy. This danger was made still more apparent by a blaze from an electric-light wire on the Teutonic last Monday morning.
Fortunately for those on board, the imperfect insulation led to the logical result in place easy of access, and early in the morning. when the passengers were not crowded about to be thrown into a panic by even a little thing. There was no actual danger, owing to the conditions as none to place and time, but the incident ought the less to impress on the minds of those responsible the fact that cheapness in electric lighting is not to be desired. The matter was talked over among the passengers, and they were considerably exercised over the demonstrated fact that a fire might be started from the wires on board and the possibility of its not being subdued with such ease that not half dozen persons should know of it at the time.
After passenger had told a Times reporter what he knew about the facts, the purser was asked if there had been little fire on board, No, he replied, there had not been, except under the by boilers. He was then told the story as related by the passenger, and said: 'Oh, that wasn't a fire. Only a little piece of the insulation gave out. That was all. No fire; nothing of the sort.' It had apparently never impressed the purser that the giving out of 'little pieces of insulation' might be fraught with danger.
New York Times, 7 November 1890.
The voyage had also witnessed the tragic accidental death of a little baby girl in steerage when her mother, Mrs. Krums, "an Austrian Jewess," had smothered the child by rolling on it in her sleep. She was unaware of the child's death initially and left her apparently sleeping to go on deck and a stewardess discover the baby was dead. She was buried at sea "secretly" but word got out and "caused a lot of whispering and gloom in the steerage." (The Sun, 7 November 1890).
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Credit: The New York Tribune, 8 November 1890 |
Ocean races apparently do not pay in the long run and the quick run, in addition to which they are coming to bear a similitude to the fruit which Italians sell at street corners at this season of the year. An arrangement has been entered into by the Inman and White Star lines by which the weekly races of the Teutonic and City of New York will cease after 1 January. In March the Inman steamer City of Paris to resume her place on the line and then there would have been, had the present arrangement been adhered to, the Teutonic and City of New York sailing against each other. Ocean races are expensive, too. For the sake of bearing another vessel, it does not pay to drive a great ship at full speed against heavy head seas. So the two lines have cried truce, and after January 1 a fast ship of each line will leave Liverpool on alternate Wednesdays.
New York Tribune, 8 November 1890.
Intended to improved the delivery of the trans-Atlantic mails, the announcement on 6 November 1890 that for 1891 White Star and Inman Lines had agreed to stagger the sailings of the their fastest boats: Teutonic, Majestic, City of New York and City of Paris to provide a weekly departure every Wednesday, would also put an end to "racing" between the rivals in a literal match-up going forward. "The announcement gives intense satisfaction to the travelling public and business men who are interested in the prompt delivery of the mails," noted The Sun the next day.
So it was that 12 November 1890 witnessed the last but one dual departures of Teutonic and City of New York for Queenstown and Liverpool, curiously ignored by the New York papers whose encouragement of the racing season seems to have run its course. Among those aboard Teutonic (191 First and 170 Second Class and "a full complement of steerage passengers) were Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Chamberlain and she went out with $295,000 in silver specie and over 600 bags of mail. Victory was again City of New York's and she got into Queenstown at 1:25 p.m. on the 18th, credited with a crossing of 6 days 1 hour 13 mins. with Teutonic following at 5:00 p.m., logging 6 days 4 hours 30 mins., "having experienced strong easterly winds and fogs." (Northern Whig, 19th). She was further delayed getting away from Queenstown until 8:10 p.m. owing to fog. She arrived at Liverpool the following morning.
Those hardy racers, the Teutonic and the City of New York, had more weather than racing on their last trip.
The Evening World, 5 December 1890.
Teutonic left Liverpool on 26 November 1890 and cleared Queenstown the following day at 2:30 p.m., behind City of New York which sailed at 1:45 p.m.. Poor Teutonic seemed have lost her passion for racing by year's end, and she again lost to City of New York which got into her namesake city the morning of 4 December, logging 6 days 21 hours 45 mins., bearing "evidence of having battled with raging seas." (The Evening World, 4 December). For Teutonic, which finally straggled into New York that evening (passing Sandy Hook at 4:00 p.m.), it was her worst trip since entering service, taking 7 days 6 hours 25 mins., "both ships ran into three heavy storms and their decks were frequently washed by the tallest seas that have been seen by Atlantic voyages for many seasons." (The Sun, 5 December 1890).
The Teutonic never made a longer trip. The worst of the storm struck the big ship on Sunday. The steel doors opening from below decks were closed and bolted all day and no passenger was allowed to come out and see the tumult and take a chance of being washed overboard. A sea that leaped high over the port bow at 5 o'clock on Sunday morning smashed a lifeboat to splinters and tore out a big section of the port rail. The passengers were mighty glad to get into harbor last night. Nearly everyone was seasick. Purser Russell said it was the toughest series of storms he had ever passed through.
The Sun, 5 December 1890.
Few passengers sailing from New York had the privilege of sailing past their own skyscraper, let alone one dedicated the previous evening and proclaimed as "the greatest newspaper building in the world," or have one's passing it acknowledged by the dipping of its flag and the salute returned by one's ship's also dipping her colours, but few were Joseph Pulitzer, owner of The World, and a "regular" aboard Teutonic. He was among those sailing from New York in her on 10 December 1890, together with Mr. William Astor and the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough. They part of a record 1,438 passengers embarking aboard her, the "largest number of passengers ever carried from New York to Liverpool" (New York Times, 12 December). It also marked the last dual departure of Teutonic and City of New York which passed Sandy Hook at 3:07 p.m. and 4:45 p.m. respectively.

It was a worthy a last "race" between the two adversaries and as close a contest as imaginable. Teutonic passed Browhead at 8:00 pm. and arrived at Queenstown at 10:27 p.m. on 17 December 1890, logging 6 days 1 hour 57 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock and City of New York which passed Sandy Hook an hour later, managed to pass Daunt's Rock just an hour after Teutonic. The White Star liner had daily runs of 362, 436, 440, 438, 450, 460 and 193. She landed 667 bags of Christmas mail, including all of the English mails, and this was sent to London by special train and delivered the following evening, "a feat only once before performed."
There was a most exciting race during a portion of the passage between the two great leviathans. On Saturday last the Inman steamer caught up to the Teutonic, and they both steamed in company together during the entire day, which caused much speculation amongst the passengers as to which steamer would outsteam the ether; but as darkness came on, the White Star liner left her competitor astern, and next day and Monday the Teutonic was so far ahead that the New York appeared only a speck in the distance, and on next morning she was out of sight altogether.
Witness, 19 December 1890.
City of New York, however, had a final flourish and on the passage from Queenstown to Liverpool, overhauled Teutonic to land her passengers at Liverpool a half hour earlier. In all, the two ships landed 2,500 passengers at Liverpool on 17 December 1890, believed to be a record in two vessels.
Thus ended a truly remarkable first full year for Teutonic and indeed one for the Atlantic Ferry and there would never again be the marvelous ship against ship individual races across the Western Ocean as there had been that splendid season between her and City of New York. That they captured the imagination of the general public is witnessed in this wonderful letter published in newspapers in Northern Ireland:
Sir-- It appears from the current issue of Engineering and from other sources that we are not going to have any more races on the Atlantic between the pride of our city, the glorious Teutonic, and the great City of New York—at least, after this year. In future those vessels are to sail on separate dates. The City of Paris will be able to go on her station again by next April, and she and the Majestic are also to sail on separate dates, and are not, as there had before been some reason to suppose, to ‘race.' By the new system it will be seen that every week a big, swift, and luxurious steamer may be had at either Liverpool, Queenstown. or New York; and the quartette will form a service which is not equalled, and certainly cannot be excelled, in the world.
The four leviathans are, speaking practically, all 20-knot boats—that is, they can maintain an average speed of 20 knots for the whole of the Atlantic voyage. The maximum is, of course, something like 25 knots per hour. The best average of the Teutonic for a whole voyage as yet has been 20.18 knots, and there is every reason to believe that next year she will eclipse even this fine average. The renowned City of Paris's up to the present is 20.01 knots—fractionally below that of Teutonic. The Majestic’s best average is, as far as I am aware, 19.87 knots, which is not far from 20; and, of course, next year, when she has got into perfect order, she will improve on this. It took the Teutonic a year before she broke into the sixth day, and the Majestic has now only been on her station eight mouths, and, yet, when under four months old, she broke into the sixth day. She is, therefore, obviously better than the Teutonic. Her best passage yet is 5 days 21 hours 11 minutes.
As for the City of New York, it will doubtless be surprising to some people to learn that her best average is only 19.63 knots—a little more than 19½. Surely, if her average speed is so much under that of the Teutonic she would not be such a formidable opponent to that vessel as she has proved herself to be. But the secret of it is that she always takes the direct route between Queenstown and New York, or vice versa. covers a shorter distance than the Teutonic, for that steamer goes by a somewhat roundabout or southerly route, avoiding ice-floes, and minimising che danger of collisions with other vessels. The vast majority of steamers go the direct route, and thus, since there are so many plying between Queenstown and New York, there is considerable danger of collision. So that, concerning average speed, since the City of New York goes over a shorter route than the Teutonic in about the same time, say, her speed must be less than the Teutonics.
Regarding racing, it is certain that many persons will regret that it is to cease, but at the same time there will be some who will consider it safer for the vessels to not race. Surely the citizens of Belfast, your readers, cannot but regret that no more long and vivid accounts of exciting races will appear in your columns. It may not be out of place just here to give the 'records' of the four vessels:
It will be thus seen that the four great racers are exceedingly close in their records, particularly in their eastward passages The reason their eastward passage being so much slower than the westward is that the vessels have to burn American coal when coming home. This coal is of an inferior quality, On the westward trips they burn Welsh coal, which is peculiarly adapted for the purpose, as it allows of their full power being developed. It is smokeless; so that when going to America at a record-breaking pace there is practically no smoke; but when coming home dense black clouds of smoke pour from the smoke-stacks of the steamers.
Speaking of the eastward record, the City of Paris has it; but had not an unforseen accident occurred in the Teutonic’s engine-room during a recent eastward voyage, she would have snatched the laurels again from the City of Paris, and would have, therefore, had the honour of being record- breaker both ways. It was on the eastward voyage The Teutonic had come of October this year. across at a tremendous rate, soon passing the City of New York, which had left New York a quarter of an hour before her. All went well until when near the Fastnet Rock, off the Irish coast. At this point the pin of an eccentric gave way. This is but a slight mishap, but it caused the engines to be stopped for five hours in order to repair the damage. When opposite the Fastnet she had made the voyage from New York to there in 6 days 19 hours. This is the fastest voyage ever made to the Fastnet, and only for the delay she would have reached Queenstown in time to break the record. As it was, notwithstanding the delay, when the eccentric was fixed the Teutonic continued at full speed, and actually succeeded in reaching Queenstown 40 as to beat the City of New York by two hours and thirty-six minutes. The Teutonic’s passage was 5 days 23 hours 51 minutes, and the City of New York’s 6 days 2 hours 27 minutes. Had the Teutonic accomplished the voyage in even forty minutes less time than it took her, she would have broken the eastward record. Her voyage is only two minutes behind the
One more thing and I close. Some people think that racing at top speed on the Atlantic is dangerous. It is not any more dangerous than an express train-- in fact, not as much. When going full speed a ship answers to her rudder more quickly than when going slow. The safety-valve is locked so as to prevent overcrowding steam. The boilers and engines are fully able to bear the strain put on them by driving. Furthermore (in the Teutonic and Majestic at least), going full speed does not cause vibration, and thus the passengers do not suffer any inconvenience. There is no danger. The magnificent new vessels of the White Star Company go at 25 knots with just as much ease as the Britannic goes 17.
And, now, apologising for the extent to which this encroached upon your valuable columns, I remain yours.
Belfast Weekly News, 20 December 1890.
Teutonic and City of New York compiled an impressive set of statistics during that marvelous season. Between May and December, each crossed the Atlantic 16 times with the average time for Teutonic per crossing was 6 days 6 hours 5 mins. and 6 days 4 hours 55 mins. for City of New York.
In 1890, Teutonic made 11 westbound and 11 eastbound crossings.
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White Star Line 22 November 1890 issued sailing for winter 1891. Credit: Paul Louden-Brown White Star Line Collection, National Museums NI. |
1891
Having on board an exceptionally large number of passengers, especially in the saloon, the White Star steamer Teutonic, left the Mersey yesterday, after her usual winter overhauling, on her first trip of the season to New York.
Liverpool Daily Post, 29 January 1891.
After a most well-deserved drydocking in Alexandra Dock and refit at Liverpool, Teutonic resumed service upon her sailing from Liverpool on 28 January 1891. On departure from Queenstown the following day, she went out at 2:28 p.m. with 190 First, 160 Second and "a full complement of steerage passengers," and 865 bags of mail, 475 of which were taken on there. Owning to illness, Capt. Irving was relieved on this voyage by Capt. H. Davison, R.N.R., usually commander of Britannic. "Being in splendid condition, it is anticipate that during the season now commencing, she will eclipse the wonderfully fast passages made by her across the Atlantic in 1890," predicted Northern Whig the 30th.
With no City of New York to spur her on and with a succession of westerly winter gales to contend with, Teutonic was a full 12 hours late arriving at New York at 11:00 p.m. on 4 February 1891. Among those aboard was William Astor and Sir Charles Tupper, Canadian High Commissioner in London and noted chess player, J.H. Blackburn.

Among those departing New York aboard Teutonic at 9:00 a.m. on 11 February 1891 was millionaire Andrew Carnegie and R. Baden-Powell. It was one of the still new ship's most trying crossings yet one in she performed brilliantly. Hitting a heavy S.S.W. Gales on the 14-15th, she shipped several heavy seas, which even flooded some cabins. The no. 1 lifeboat on the starboardside were smashed to pieces and ventilators damaged and a crewman injured. The fore staysail was blown away and several passengers were knocked down and slightly injured. During these days, she only recorded 320 miles on each of them. Still, as the Dundee Evening Telegraph wrote, "During the gale the noble ship behaved splendidly, and exhibited fine seagoing qualities." Arriving at Queenstown at 9:00 p.m. on the 17th, she had still put in a fine passage of 6 days 7 hours 13 mins. Dense fog on arrival at Liverpool the next day at 10:00 a.m. kept her anchored off Mersey Bar most of the day, "and the task of transferring her passengers, numbering 600,was attended with so much difficulty and danger that it was abandoned, and at a late hour last evening they still remained on board." (Liverpool Mercury, 19 February 1891). It was not until 11:30 a.m. on the 19th that the tugs Toiler and Despatch, with the tender Snowdrop, were able to get to Teutonic and 1:00 p.m. before her passengers were landed at Prince's Stage.
Andrew Carnegie's visit to England was fleeting and he was back aboard Teutonic (again commanded by Capt. Davison) for the trip home, from Liverpool on 25 February 1891 and clearing Queenstown the next day at 3:50 p.m.. She arrived at New York at noon on 4 March after an exceptionally smart passage for the time of year of 6 days 1 hour 50 mins.. Mr. Carnegie, enthused by his roundtrip in Teutonic, later told a reporter from The Sun that liners will "cross in five days most decidely, " and do so "within two years." He contributed a letter to the same newspaper, published on the 11th, that read in part:
Permit me to take this opportunity to recommend to those needing a change during the winter a round trip upon one of the best ships crossing the Atlantic. The difference between winter and summer in greatly exaggerated; with the exception of one blow, which lasted twenty-four hours, I had a delightful excursion. Indeed, there are many advantages pertaining to such trip in the winter season. The air is cool and bracing: there are no hot nights to encounter, and the ship is not crowded, although the number upon such a favorite as the Teutonic is surprising. One great improvement is the forced draught and proper firing which render the Teutonic almost smokeless. Passengers continually inquired if she was not using anthracite. I never saw anything like it upon the Atlantic. The table, state rooms, and all appointments are equal to the very best hotels. There is an excellent library and most comfortable reading room, desks and writing materials kept in order and equal to the most luxurious club. I predict that the winter trip across the Atlantic and back will soon become a favorite one.
Andrew Carnegie, New York, 9 March 1891.
The lads of the Umbria United Athletes gave the Teutonic team a thrashing at St. George's Park, Hokoben on 6 March 1891, scoring 11 goals to nil, "the Teutonic boys made a heroic defense, but the White Star flag had to lowered without a goal being scored." (The Sun, 7 March).
Teutonic cleared New York on 11 March 1891 at 6:30 a.m., embarking her passengers the previous evening. Arriving off Queenstown at 2:45 a.m. on the 18th in such rough weather, she was unable to call there and proceeded directly to Liverpool, docking there later that day.
If Andrew Carnegie relished the relaxation of a round voyage in Teutonic, her own captain did as well. Recovering from an extended illness, Capt. P.J. Irving embarked as a passenger on 25 March 1891, with Capt. H. Davison, R.N.R., still in command. Clearing Queenstown for New York at 3:30 p.m. Teutonic had a bumpy ride across the Atlantic with a storm on the 29th and arrived on 1 April and coming alongside the following morning.
Returning to his post in London, Canada's High Commissioner to England, Sir Charles Tupper, was among Teutonic's passengers for her 8 April 1891 sailing at 7:00 a.m.. Putting in a fast passage for her old skipper, Teutonic got into Queenstown the evening of the 14th, logging 6 days 4 hours from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock. The voyage was marred by the death of able seaman Richard Eccleston who fell from the foremast on the 11th in a north-easterly gale and succumbed to his injuries the following day. He was buried at sea with full honours and the passengers and crew assembled on deck and the purser, T.H. Russell, reading the burial service. Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 15th.
The New York Times reported on 12 April 1891 that the English artist, W.L. Wylie, had painted for Mr. Ismay of White Star a depiction of Teutonic as she appeared at Spithead and the work was first shown at the Royal Academy, London.
Teutonic passed out of the Mersey the later afternoon of 22 April 1891 and cleared Queenstown at 2:20 p.m. the next day. She passed Sandy Hook at 2:30 p.m. on the 29th and docked that evening.
Among those sailing from New York aboard Teutonic on 6 May 1891 were the wife and daughter of U.S. Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Tracy, and Sen. Cameron of Pennsylvania. Teutonic cranked out a splendid performance, arriving at Queenstown at 1:15 a.m. on the 13th, she had crossed from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock in 6 days 3 hours 5 mins., her best time eastbound taking the longer southern route to avoid ice. She recorded daily runs of 349, 448, 458, 465,447, 465 and 257 nautical miles. One First Class passenger, Charles A.L. Dunn, a broker from Shanghai, appreciated the effort as he was doing a "race" against the conventional P&O route home via Suez by having taken Empress of India to Vancouver, trans-continental train to Montreal and then home via trans-Atlantic liner. He just missed Umbria and even with a five-day wait to catch Teutonic, reckoned he beat the P&O boat by 36 hours.
From Liverpool on 20 May 1891 and Queenstown the following day, Teutonic arrived with little notice on the 27th. Interestingly, she and City of Paris both docked the same day from Liverpool but there was not even a mention of any attempt at "racing' between the two.
Teutonic left New York on 3 June 1891, numbering Mrs. McKee and Mrs. Russell Harrison, daughter and daughter-in-law of President Benjamin Harrison, among her 1,507 passengers-- the largest number of passengers for Britain in a single ship to date. Passing three icebergs en route on the 6th, Teutonic arrived at Queenstown at 4:00 a.m. on the 10th having put in a excellent passage of 6 days 5 hours and sailed for Liverpool at 4:40 a.m. where she arrived that evening. She was attended by the new White Star tender Magnetic on her first day of service.
Departing Liverpool at 4:00 p.m. on 17 June 1891 and clearing Queenstown at 2:10 p.m. for New York, Teutonic had a full list of 1,473 passengers including 439 in saloon including Mr. and Mrs. F.W. Vanderbilt. On arrival at New York on the 24th, they were met off Quarantine by friends aboard the New York Central tug C.C. Clark.
The Teutonic's cricket team won their match in Central Park on 29 June 1891 against the West Side A.C., 81 to 77.
Teutonic cleared New York on 1 July 1891 with Mr. W.H. Vanderbilt and Mr. C. Vanderbilt among those aboard ab and got into Queenstown at 12:55 a.m. on the 8th after a crossing of 6 days 3 hours 30 mins. She departed at 1:45 a.m. for Liverpool where she docked late afternoon.
Clearing Queenstown at 1:55 p.m. on 16 July 1891, Teutonic got into New York on the 22nd, making her fastest westbound crossing so far that season: 5 days 21 hours 14 mins. Her daily runs were 457, 483, 492, 496, 495 and 398 nautical miles and beat a record set recently by Majestic
The Mersey-bound Teutonic sailed from New York on 29 July 1891 with the Hon. and Mrs.J. C. Bancroft Davis aboard, and arrived at Queenstown on 4 August and at Liverpool the next day.
The White Star flyers were heating up by late summer. On 6 August 1891 it was reported that Majestic had just broken the record for the westbound crossing with a passage of 5 days 18 hours 8 mins, beating that of Teutonic by 57 mins.
Back under the command of Capt. John R. Irving and with Hugh Currie as Chief Engineer, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool at 11:00 a.m. on 12 August 1891 and Queenstown the next day at 1:48 p.m., with 290 First, 180 Second and 900 Third Class passengers. Passing Daunt's Rock at 2:05 p.m., Teutonic coursed westward with a score to settle with her younger sister and a bone in her teeth.
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Credit: The Evening World, 19 August 1891. |
Five days, sixteen hours and thirty-one minutes!
That is the wonderful time made by the White Star liner Teutonic, which arrived in this port this morning after burying out of sight all previous records made by ocean flyers and beating the best record made by her sister ship, the Majestic, by one hour and thirty- seven minutes.
The Evening World, 19 August 1891.
Rendering Majestic's westbound record one of the briefest (not even a fortnight!) in Atlantic history, Teutonic swept past Sandy Hook at 1:46 a.m. on 19 August 1891, logging 5 days 16 hours 31 mins. from Daunt's Rock. "But for adverse head winds she encountered the first two days of her trip Capt. Irving says he would have beaten his time at least an hour and placed the record to a point which would be invincible for a long time to come." (The Evening World, 19 August). But Capt. Irving, back with his favourite, was content enough, telling the Evening World that "she had shown herself to be the fastest ocean steamer and he hoped her record would not be disputed."
Teutonic's daily runs were 460, 496, 505, 510, 517 and 290. The three days of the fastest steaming averaged 511½ nautical miles a day and she averaged 20.349 knots across, a quarter of a knot faster than Majestic on her last record breaking westbound crossing. Teutonic burned 320 tons of coal every 24 hours.
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Credit: New York Tribune, 20 August 1891. |
Purser T. H. Russell gave an Evening World reporter the story of the trip. It seems that Capt. Irving has been trying tor eight months to beat the record, and when the Teutonic left Liverpool on Wednesday afternoon be determined that his vessel should accomplish the feat.
Head winds during the first two days disappointed Capt. Irving's ambition, but when clear weather appeared on Saturday morning tbe real race began.
The engines of the big vessel were run at the highest speed, and the passengers each day made pools on the day's runs.
The great record-smashing run was made yesterday, when the Teutonic covered 517 miles, which is two miles faster than was made by the City of Paris. The White Squadron was passed off Nantucket yesterday, sailing to the eastward.
The trip was uneventful. Several steamers were sighted, and when leaving Roche's Point the City of Chicago came along.
The Evening World, 19 August 1891.
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Credit: The New York Times, 20 August 1891. |
After a voyage that was notable and even marvellous in three respects, the White Star line steamer Teutonic arrived abreast of Sandy Hook Lightship at 1:36 o'clock yesterday morning. She had completed the quickest passage between Queenstown and New York, she had covered more miles than had ever before been covered in twenty-four hours, and she had made the best run for three consecutive days that seafaring folks ever heard of. The long whip pennant that had hoisted to the main truck of the Majestic only two weeks before had been made to droop under her taffrail like the tail of a whipped dog between his legs: the broom the fore royal pole on the Majestic had been knocked to pieces by the aerial wake Teutonic, as she sailed by her so to speak, in the oversea race. The Teutonic has captured both nautical emblems of victory.
Ever since the month of August, 1890, Capt. P. J. Irving and Chief Engineer Hugh Currie of the big Teutonic have been very much disgruntled with certain nautical sharps of the Maritime Exchange. In that month the Teutonic made a very quick passage. Capt. Irving and Mr. Currie said it beat the record of the City of Paris in that it was made in 5 days 19 hours and 5 minutes. but the nautical sharps would not have it so. Capt. Irving didn't say much, but both he and his engineer have been waiting for August weather to show the maritime sharps what the Teutonic was made of. They now walk the decks of their ship with heads up. There is no disputing this record. They have vindicated the Teutonic's name.
To the man familiar with steamship races the log of the Teutonic tells a thrilling story. It was at 11:10 a.m. on Wednesday of last week that the last bag of American mail was bustled over the rail at Liverpool. There was no time lost in getting under way, and at 2:29 in the afternoon Rock Lighthouse was abeam.
Thereafter it was a breezy run of 236 miles to Queenstown--a run like the preliminary canter given to a racer to warm him up for the sweepstakes. Queenstown was reached at 4:50 the next morning. and when her anchor was down the ship lay there until afternoon taking on belated passengers and the mails that had been driven through by rail from London at lightning speed to catch her there. There was sharp work with these. and at 1:45 o'clock, when the last bag tumbled over the rail, the blue jackets were casting off the mailboat's hawsers, and at the steam windlass was snaking in the cable, while Chief Engineer Currie was down in the engine room, having a severe look at the bearings and fittings and the furnaces and coal bunkers. In just three minutes from the time the last bag of mail was received the gong in the engine room rang to go ahead, and the engineer at the throttle valves throw them slowly open. With gradually growing speed the big ship headed around for sea. Capt. Irving, standing on the bridge with his watch in hand, kept his eye on Daunt's Rock Lightship until a squint along the bridge rail showed the light to be fair abeam. Then he looked at his watch. It was precisely 2:03 p.m. on Thursday, Aug. 13, and the famous race was on.
A strong westerly breeze was driving over the sea to hold the huge ship back, but Mr. Currie was watching the engines and, as he says. thinking they were in just such perfect order that he couldn't see anything to wish for, but he was standing by just to see that things remained as they were there. Down below in the stoke hole the assistant engineers in charge were watching the firemen as a trainer watches the stable boys when rubbing down the racers. The best coal obtainable was there and it was Spread with the utmost care. No men ever worked more willingly than the stoke hold crew and no coal fires ever burned hotter. It was known by every man on board that tremendous effort was to be male to beat the record of the Majestic. and ever man was game to do his level best to make her succeed. The owner of these ships always scout the idea of special efforts being made. but those who know human nature know better. Besides let any doubter go and talk to the men themselves as they sit at their beer in the West street saloons to-night. The passengers knew that a race against time was on and if they couldn't do anything to help her they could make pools on the result and drink no end of healths to the officers and to the success of the voyage, and that they did with a verve and esprit de corps that was pleasing to the pu ser.
All Thursday afternoon, Thursday night, and Friday, the wind held in the west. It was invigorating to the promenaders on deck, but disheartening to the Captain and engineer. At on Friday the navigating officers figured up the run, and found 460 miles to the credit of the ship. She bad been twenty-two hours on her journey, and it was a good run, but not quite good enough.
For one more day the wind held west, and the sea unfavorable. The Teutonic, in spite of slender spars, presents a huge surface to a contrary wind. The wind was holding her back. When, noon came next day the crowd gathered in the to see the log posted. It said 496 miles. Almost all were disappointed, but a few of the sharps, pulled out the Majestic's record that showed two days on which but 491 and 497 knots had been covered. There was a right good hope yet. and it gave all bands a good appetite for luncheon to think so.
Then the wind canted to north'ard and be came much lighter. It was like dropping weight from a runner. Looking over the aide of the ship showed no increase--if anything she seemed to be going slower now that the wind did not drive the white caps past the hurrying ship. but Capt. Irving knew that he was doing better. Nor was that all. Mr. Currie was noting with delight that as the ship drove he was getting more turns from his propellers in a minute. The firemen were burning up something like 310 tons of coal a day, and as the ashes were dumped over the ship rose in the water, and so offered loss resistence to the screws.
Naturally the passengers heard of these things during Sunday morning. Some of them remained in the smoking room during preaching time and talked over the race. So when lunch time came again half a hundred men were so much interested that they could not eat until they learned the run. A young man with the log in hand came along and the crowd made way for him and they jammed in around him until he barely bad room to post the paper. Before it was fairly in place some one saw the figures and yelled.
Five and hundred and five knots, boys. Whoop!
It was a great run and a crowd rushed off to the chart room, where they found the Captain and shook hands and told him he was a great man, and then went aft and found Chief Engineer Currie and told him he was a great man, too.
The Teutonic had been gradually increasing her speed. Would she continue to do so?
Gentlemen, I promise, you that you shall eat breakfast in New York on Wednesday said Capt. Irving, whereat the passengers cheered him and went away to celebrate the anticipated occasion.
Watching a steamer racing against time is nerve-racking. The passenger can do nothing during the time between quarter posts so to speak, twenty-four hours. The froth and smother hurry by as telegraph poles and fences seem to hurry by a flying railroad train. To the man thinking only of speed it is monotonous. There is nothing for it but to smokeor to make love to the pretty girls. Even then the anxiety about the speed is forever present. for the pretty girls are so much interested in the race that is the ever present topic.
Monday on found a host in waiting for the posting of the log. and it was with a feeling of exultation that every one saw the figure. 510 knots. For three days now she bad beaten three of the days of the Majestic's run. If she could just hold her own hereafter she would a victor. It was exhilarating. To the of Captain and the chief engineer the success of the days run open a new subject of anxiety. lety. They were in the race to bear the Majestic of course, but there was one other record that loomed up almost in their grasp. The City of Paris had covered 502, 503 and 509 knots in three consecutive days when winning her record, and no ship had approached within a good many miles of that record. Could the Teutonic snatch it? The query kept Chief Currie out of his bunk for the whole twenty-four hours that followed.
The Teutonic was now flying down the American coast. Sable Island had been left far astern, and Nantucket lightship was, figuratively speaking. under the starboard bow. A good deal more than thousand tons of coal had gone over the rail in the form of smoke and ashes.
The oilers in the engine rooms found never a sign of heat or disorder in any bearing. The needle in the steam gauge showed a pressure of 180 pounds in the boiler with no variation. The clockwork that registered the number of turns the engine made showed almost 81 a minute where but 80 had been registered the day before. The diagrams of horse power developed showed within a hundred or so of 20,000.
In a tremble of excitement the passengers gathered in the saloon at the call of the luncheon bell and sat down, and then came Capt. Irving himself with the log in his hand. Everyone sat breathless when he said:
'Ladies and gentlemen, the Teutonic has made 517 knots, and broken the record of a day's run.'
With one accord the whole throng rose up and shouted and cheered and howled. Sandy Hook lightship was but 296 miles away: bed time would see the Teutonic under the lights of Long Island coast. They had ordered wine by the bottle in honor of previous days -they took it by the basket now and laughed and cheered hilariously the whole day through.
By 1 o'clock they had Shinnecock Light abreast and at midnight the ground where the old racer Oregon was loss was passed. Then the Seversink lights almost rose out the water, and a little later the two red globes of the old hulk that marks the channel across the bar appeared. Half a thousand people crowded to the rail to gaze at the lights, and at 1:36 a.m. to cheer the ship and the Captain and the chief engineer and all hands over the marvellous result achieved.
Teutonic may in some minds have been under a cloud but this trip has cleared away the log entirely, She is the queen of the sea.
The records of the Teutonic, the Majestic, and the City of Paris follow:
City of Paris Majestic Teutonic
2,788 2,777 2,778
The Teutonic travelled at the rate of a mile in 2,959 minutes, the Majestic in 2,944 and the City of Paris in 2,998. The Majestic ran at the rate of 20.104 knots an hour and the Teutonic at 20.357, a good quarter of an knot faster. The City of Paris covered 1,517 knots in three days and the Teutonic 1,532 knots. The best day's run ever made by the City of Paris was 515 knots: the Teutonic's was 517. The Teutonic beats the Majestic by 1 hour and 37 minutes, and the City of Paris by 2 hours and 47 minutes.
Chief Engineer Currie refuses to talk about his engines, but it was ascertained they developed about 19,900 horse power while making the boat runs. and almost reached 81 turns a minute. The average for the voyage was a bit under 80. The Majestic averaged 78 turns and 19,500 horse power.
When asked if it was possible to drive the Teutonic faster, Mr. Currie said: Yes, I think 80. if everything favored her. Wait till one of the others gives us something to do, and see. Capt. Irving thinks she can do still better.
The Teutonic brought over 1,500 passengers, one of the largest lists on record. The ship was docked at 6 o'clock yesterday morning and the passengers took breakfast in New York as Capt. Irving had promised. Many people called to congratulate the White Star people yesterday, and they had quite an ovation. The passenger received a menu card with the record of the ship's voyage printed on it as a souvenir..
The Sun, 20 August 1891.
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Credit: The Sun, 20 August 1891. |
"August has been a red-letter month for the White Star people. Never in the history of ocean racing has a line won such unexpected and repeated triumphs within so short a time," marvelled The New York Times (20 August 1891) and when so much of contemporary interest surrounding White Star is centred almost exclusively on the "big and slow" era and the ponderous Olympic-class, it is indeed worth recalling this wonderful of real recordbreaking and with true ocean greyhounds twenty years previous.
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Leaflet by White Star's Chicago agent boasting of Teutonic and Majestic's summer 1891 records. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
Leaving New York on 27 August 1891 Teutonic and "encountered terrific gales" on the 31st and 1 September. A passenger, Col. G.H. Wilson, died of congestion of the lungs on the 31st. Arriving at Queenstown at 9:00 p.m. on 1 September, Teutonic proceeded to Liverpool at 9:50 p.m. where she arrived the following day.
During their turnaround at Liverpool, the crew of Teutonic held their annual picnic and sports tournament at Woolton on 5 September 1891:
The annual picnic aad athletic sports in connection with the White Star liner Teutonic took place on Saturday at Woolton. The party left Bootle Town Hall, accompanied by the band of the Seamen's Orphanage, in three waggonettes, about ten o'clock, and arrived at the Coffee House Hotel, Woolton, shortly after noon. Having been photographed, and dinner partaken of, an adjournment was made to a field in Doe Park, where long programme of athletic events gone through, much to the enjoyment of both competitors and spectators, amongst whom were a goodly number of ladies. The Seamen's Orphsange Band played a few selections during the afternonn. After the sports a substantial tea in the pavilion attached to the Coffee House Hotel was greatly enjoyed, and Mrs. Thomas Walker having presented the prizes to the successful competitors, the party left Woolton highly delighted with the whole day's proceedings. Messrs. T. Walker, Linford, W. Swan, K. Kirkham, H. Andrews, and E. Headley were indefatigable in their efforts make the gathering a success.
Liverpool Daily Post, 7 September 1891.
Teutonic nosed out of the Mersey on 8 September 1891 and swept past Roche's Point the following afternoon, and among the man returning American tourists aboard was New York Central Railroad president Chauncey Depew; W.H. Vanderbilt and C. Vanderbilt. Making a quiet arrival at New York for a change, she was alongside her North River pier on the 16th. When Teutonic came off Quarantine at 8:00 a.m., the Deprews were met by a large party of New York Central officers and employees aboard the steamer Sam Sloan to which were embarked the Depew party, and the Vanderbilt, which preceded Teutonic up the North River. The customs men were alerted and ensured a full examination of their baggage was made.

The eastbound Teutonic took leave of a foggy New York at 11:00 a.m. on 23 September 1891 with 800 passengers (200 First, including Mr. & Mrs. Bruce Ismay, and 150 Second Class among them) without much notice. Her arrival at Queenstown at 1:50 p.m. on the 29th elicited rather more excitement for she just captured the record for the eastbound trans-Atlantic run which, ironically, been claimed by her old rival City of New York just a fortnight earlier when she broke her sister City of Paris' longstanding record. Teutonic knocked both into a cocked hat, logging 5 days 21 hours 22 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock, 1 hour 28 mins. faster than City of New York. She recorded daily runs of 447, 456, 462, 466, 456, 465 and 39 (to Daunt's Rock). Her record was more impressive given she experienced "some boisterous weather," during the last few days of the passage, "but escaped without anybody on board having sustained the slightest injury, and all who landed here were loud in their praise of the seagoing qualities of this noble vessel." (Cork Daily Herald, 30 September). After landing 143 passengers and 129 bags of the 450 bags of mail aboard, Teutonic resumed passage to Liverpool where she arrived late on the 30th. Among those landing there included 160 German immigrants, en route to Hull, who had left America to return home.
The remarkable accomplishment of the Teutonic in making the passage from New York to Queenstown in 5 days 21 hours 22 minutes indicates that for the time being the blue riband of the Atlantic is to rest with the White Star Company. On August 5th this honour was won from the Inman Line, the Majestic having completed her westward run in 5 days 18 hours minutes, and thereby beaten by fully one hour the best record of the City of Paris. fortnight later the Teutonic sustained the reputation of her line by finishing the same passage in 5 days 16 hours 31 minutes, and now she has eclipsed all former records on the run from New York. How long the White Star Line will continue to maintain the supremacy must depend upon the enterprise the companies concerned and the scientific skill the shipbuilders.
Dundee Courier, 30 September 1891.
The above article is notable for being one of the earliest newspaper references to a "blue riband of the Atlantic," preceding that of American papers which first employed the term with onset of the first of N.D.L.'s four-funnel greyhounds c. 1895.
"The White Star people believe they have in the Teutonic the fastest steamer afloat." (New York Tribune, 30 September 1891). Indeed, and for the last time in its storied history, "The Ismay Line" held the undisputed record for the fastest crossings in both directions of the North Atlantic.
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American sailing list reference to Teutonic and Majestic's record passages. Credit: ebay auction photo. |
The champion of the Atlantic departed Liverpool on 7 October 1891 and from Queenstown at 2:55 p.m. the next day but not before an elopement was foiled:
An exciting scene was witnessed to-day on board the White Star line steamer Teutonic, which left Liverpool yesterday for New York, When the Teutonic dropped anchor here this morning in order to take mails and passengers on board, a gentleman of clerical appearance was to be seen on the company's tender as she approached the steamship. He seemed to be in a state of considerable excitement, and upon boarding the Teutonic asked after a young lady and gentleman whose description he furnished to everybody, right and left, with the result that he was soon placed in communication with a young couple, who seemed dreadfully frightened and ashamed when confronted by him. No than sooner he did he catch, sight of the young lady seized her violently by the arm, dragged her from her companion at whose head he hurled a shower of abuse, and then literally by force dragged the young lady down the steamer's side and on board the tender.
The gentleman was the Rev. Bartley Ellis of Wigan, Lancashire, near Preston, and the young had was his daughter, Harriet Ellis, who eloped with a young man named Arthur Mottram. The Captain of the Teutonic, upon being made aware of the facts of the case. interposed no objection to the removal of his passenger, especially as the young lady did deny the truth of the allegations made and could only sob in reply to questions put to her. Mottram also landed amid the jeers of the passengers.
The Sun, 9 October 1891.
Teutonic arrived at New York on the evening of 14 October 1891, a large delegation being on the pier to greet Lady Henry Somerset, president of the British Woman's Temperance Association, who "was too sick, however, to see any one or leave the ship last night." (New York Tribune, 15 October). The ship also brought in $300,000 in gold.
The White Star liner Teutonic might be now well termed the greyhound of the Atlantic.
Belfast News-Letter, 28 October 1891.
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Credit: Paul Louden-Brown White Star Line Collection, National Museum NI. |
Clearing New York at 8:30 a.m. on 21 October 1891, Teutonic was not quite done with her ocean racing and well "out of season, " too. Despite westerly gales all the way across, Teutonic passed Browhead at 9:55 a.m. on the 27th and surprised everyone by beating her own eastbound record by 19 minutes, crossing from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock in 5 days 21 hours 3 mins at an average speed of 19.82 knots. With daily runs of 483, 468, 460, 460, 448, 457 and 14 nautical miles. Her mail, too, was despatched in record time and arrived in London the following morning by 9:00 a.m..
It was a handsome sight to view the great leviathan ship steaming full speed down the Queenstown Harbour from the Old Head of Kinsale. She sent a sea of white foaming water away from her handsome prow, and volumes of black smoke issued from her two buff funnels. Her numerous passengers were loud in their praise, not alone of the ship's fast steaming qualities, but of the great comfort and attention experienced on board the White Star ship.
Belfast News-Letter, 28 October 1891.
The quality of coal mattered at least as much as the skill of the stokers and trimmers and White Star, appreciating that eastbound passages were often slower compared to westbound and attributing some of this to the poor quality of American coal vs. the Welsh steaming coal bunkered "on the other side," had recently decided to make exclusive use of "Pocahontas coal," a semi-bituminous coal from West Virginia, which was so superior that it was specified by William Cramp shipbuilders for use in trials of naval warships.
But to an ocean steamship smooth water is so much more favorable for speed than even a propitious wind that probably nobody had the least expectation of seeing the record broken. This is the feat, however, which the Teutonic has just performed, the record being her own. If she bad come within a few hours of her own best passage, the performance would have been very remarkable. By beating her record, even by nineteen minutes, she shows that her capabilities have not yet been brought out, and gives promise of a much greater reduction under entirely favorable conditions.
The New York Times, 28 October 1891.
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Credit: North British Daily Mail, 29 October 1891 |
This is as unmistakeably the year of the Teutonic as 1889 was the year of the City of Paris, and as next year may be the year of the as yet unnamed Cunard fleetest grey-hound. The Teutonic has now two east- ward passages and one westward faster than the runs made by any other steamer, and by her latest passage she has made the work to be done by any Clyde-built steamer which will beat her record all the greater. The best eastward passage of the Teutonic is now 1 hour and 47 minutes better in time—or, say, about 40 statute miles in distance —than the best east-ward run of any Clyde-built steamer, and her best westward passage is two hours and forty-seven minutes better in time, or about sixty-three statute miles in distance better than the best of the Clyde-built steamers.
The difference in space and time may not amount to much, but it is without doubt in favour of the Belfast-built steamer, so that we on the Clyde have to accept the fact as best we may. As yet the Majestic, the sister ship of the Teutonic, has not made an eastward passage quite equal to the best of the Clyde-built steamers; but as she has beaten their best on the outward passage by more than an hour, it is every way probable that when wind and weather help her she also may beat them on the inward passage as well.
To have two steamers better than the best turned out from the Clyde in point of speed is a condition of matters to which the Clyde has, to say the least, not had time to accustom itself in years past, and therefore there is all the greater reason for making an effort to this abnormal state of matters to ad end when the chance comes round again to the Clyde next year.
North British Daily Mail, 29 October 1891.
From Liverpool on 4 November 1891 and Queenstown the next day, passing out at 2:50 p.m., for New York, Teutonic docked there at noon on the 11th, landing more than 300 saloon class passengers, including opera star Mme. Albani. The New York Times (12th) reported: "the voyage was a comparatively uneventful one for this season of the year, only one stormy day, Saturday, having been encountered. However, fogs at the end of the voyage prevented the ship from making an exceptionally fast trip." Even so, Teutonic made the run across in 6 days 42 mins and with an easterly gale behind her on the 10th, she logged 514 nautical miles that day.
Leaving New York at 7:00 a.m. on 18 November 1891 with an impressive compliment of 1,100 passengers (200 in the saloon), Teutonic got into Queenstown at 11:40 a.m. on the 24th, departing at 12:20 p.m. for Liverpool where she docked the following morning at 9:00 a.m.. Among those on her fully booked steerage was a large party of Danes returning home for Christmas who, on arrival, proceeded to Hull and thence by Wilson Line's Cameo to Copenhagen where they arrived on the 28th, just ten days after departing New York.
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Cover to passenger list for Teutonic's 2 December 1891 Liverpool to New York crossing. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
The hardworking Teutonic got in another roundtrip to New York in before a very eventful year ended. Sailing from Liverpool on 2 December 1891, with J.P. Morgan again aboard along with his daughter Julia, she arrived at Queenstown promptly at 9:40 a.m. only to be held there when the mail train was three hours and ten minutes late and did get away until 5:25 p.m., having embarked New York Mayor Hugh J. Grant, who at age 31, was the youngest mayor in the city's history. He and everyone else aboard had a slow, rough trip across. Due to arrive at New York first thing on the 9th, Teutonic was finally sighted off Fire Island at 1:35 p.m., "proceeding at full steam," and docked at 5:30 p.m.. She came up into the harbour at a good enough clip to swamp and sink three coal laden barges, among a string of 29 being towed by the tugs Raritan and Jessie, off Governors Island.
Sadly, a young seaman, Charles F. Hammond, belonging to Teutonic tried to commit suicide aboard the ship on 10 December 1891 by slitting his throat with a razor. Taken to St. Vincent's Hospital immediately, he succumbed the following day.
Teutonic's 16 December 1891 sailing was well populated with passengers and post, being the last from New York to arrived in Ireland and England in good time for Christmas, "with a cabin list as large as during the busy days of Summer," said The Evening World. They all boarded the previous evening as the fleet White Star liner was off at dawn to catch the tide. She reached Queenstown on the 22nd and Liverpool the next day.
In 1891, Teutonic made 12 westbound and 12 eastbound crossings.
Record Crossings:
Westbound 12-19 August 1891
5 days 16 hours 31 mins
Eastbound 23-30 September 1891
5 days 21 hours 22 mins
Eastbound 21-27 October 1891
5 days 21 hours 3 mins
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Teutonic featured on an engraver's sample card. Credit: eBay auction photo.
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1892
Repeating her prolonged Queenstown call from the previous month, Teutonic (from Liverpool 6 January 1892) arrived there the next day at 8:30 a.m. and again the mail train was three hours late and she did not sail until 5:25 p.m., going out with 186 First, 179 Second and 336 Third Class passengers. Other than a northwest gale the first day out, she had good weather for the passage which was accomplished in 5 days 20 hours and 42 mins. including 511 miles run on the 11th, Due to dock at New York on the morning of the 12th, she arrived off Sandy Hook at 8:48 a.m. but off a harbour completely fogbound which brought all activity to a standstill. "Her officers said yesterday that it was densest fog they had ever encountered, and was so thick at times that objects five feet distant were invisible." (New York Times, 15 January).

When the mist veiling the vista through the Narrows lifted yesterday morning the crack White Star steamship Teutonic was described as coming in. For twenty-three hours she had lain at anchor outside the bar, with her deep-toned fog horn tooting. Nobody knew of her nearness to the port lightship, until just one the day after making the excellent winter time of 5 days, the 20 hours and 40 minutes. Her purser says the fog was so dense at the Hook that objects were Invisible ten feet away. With several other steamships of less tonnage, Teutonic dropped anchor outside the bar.
On Jan. 11 the Teutonic made the fine run of 511 knots, six knots less than the best on record. She brought 365 cabin passengers, among whom were Senhor T. de Sonza Loza, Portuguese Minister to the United States.
The Sun, 15 January 1892.
In the end, she did not into Quarantine until 9:05 a.m. until the next morning and finally got alongside until noon, some 24 hours late.
Departing New York on 20 January 1892, Teutonic called at Queenstown 8:38-9:25 p.m. on the 26th and arrived at Liverpool the next day.
Embarking her passengers in Langton Dock rather than off the Landing Stage, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool at 4:00 pm. on 3 February 1892 and finally made an on time departure from Queenstown at 2:20 p.m. the next day, with 396 saloon and 469 steerage passengers, including Mr. & Mrs. Rudyard Kipling). It proved a miserable winter crossing, "from the day of departure from Queenstown the Teutonic encountered a series of howling gales and mountainous seas. Last Sunday she was compelled to slow down because of the heavy cross sea." (The Evening World, 11 February). On the 7th, she hit an especially heavy head sea and passengers were not allowed out on deck. "After a long and tedious voyage," (New York Times) and doubtless to the relief of all aboard, Teutonic docked at New York the morning of the 11th after making the second longest voyage from Queenstown so far in her short career: 6 days 18 hours 45 mins.
Mrs. William Astor was among those sailing in Teutonic the morning of 17 February 1892 and see off by Mr. & Mrs. John Jacob Astor, Mr. & Mrs. Bradley Martin and Mr. & Mrs. Orme Wilson as Teutonic comings and goings out of the Port of New York featured as much in the society pages of The Gilded Age more than the shipping columns. She also carried, in the custody of two policemen, "Samson the Strong Man," who being extradited to Britain after having been charged with stealing a quantity of jewellery during his last stay in London. After calling at Queenstown the morning of the 24th, Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 25th.
Meanwhile, her sister ship took Teutonic's westbound record by arriving at New York on 24 February 1892, logging 5 days 20 hours 22 mins. Actual steaming time from Daunt's Rock but as Majestic (Capt. H. Parsell) had taken the longer southern course, her adjusted time was reckoned to be 5 days 15 hours 45 mins., better than Teutonic's 5 days 16 hours 31 mins over the shorter northern route. She averaged 20.41 knots across. It was doubly impressive having been accomplished in winter. White Star were more than happy to have their two flyers compete for supremacy on the North Atlantic and no finer pair of sister ships were to be found on the ocean highway.
Pulling off from Liverpool's Prince's Landing Stage at 4:00 p.m. on 2 March 1892 and passing out of Queenstown at 2:15 p.m. the following day, Teutonic was once again New York bound. Among her passengers was Mr. Foxhall Keene, "the young sportsman, who has gained an international reputation as a cross-country rider. He brings with him eight new horses for his stable." (The Evening World, 9 March 1892). Teutonic, first sighted off Fire Island at 11:00 a.m. on the 9th, reached Quarantine at 12:12 p.m., and came up the harbour at 12:37 p.m. and alongside about an hour later.
Among those sailing from New York in Teutonic on 16 March 1892 were seven of the contestants of the big cycling tournament in Madison Square Garden: Lamb, Wood, Lumsden, Howell, O'Flannigan, Arthur and Alfred Robb, but one, Ashinger, the winner of the 72-hour race failed to board in time and missed the boat. Taking the southern route to avoid ice, and hitting easterly winds the whole way across, Teutonic still put in a fine performance, coming into Queenstown at 10:30 p.m. on the 22nd, logging 6 days 5 hours 30 mins from Sandy Hook to Rochespoint. The trip across was marred by two deaths:
About 10 o'clock on Friday night a saloon passenger, named F. J. Flagg, a New York merchant, was sitting on the liner's port rail, talking to some friends, the night being beautifully fine. In impressing the force of his observations on his friends, he made a sudden gesture, and losing his hold of the rail, the unfortunate gentleman toppled overboard into the water. An alarm was immediately raised, and though the steamer was going at a great rate of speed, she was quickly stopped and reversed. Life buoys were thrown overboard in the hope that he may be able to grasp one of them. A lifeboat was promptly lowered and manned and rowed to the but all efforts were completely futile, as it would appear that the poor gentleman was not seen after falling overboard to rise again to the endue of the water. After remaining for time fruitlessly searching for him, the liner continued on her course. On the same day a saloon passengers, named W E. Field, an Englishman, died on board of natural caused. His body was preserved and taken on in the liner to Liverpool, when it will be conveyed to Crewe where, it appears, the deceased belonged to.
Cork Daily Herald, 24 March 1892.
Whilst Teutonic was coaling in Langton Dock at Liverpool on 26 March 1892, the American steamer Indiana, whilst docking, collided with the coaling flat alongside, sinking it as well as denting her forward plates.
Departing Liverpool on 30 March 1892, Teutonic's passenger list featured Lord and Lady Arthur Butler; the famous Punch artist Harry Furniss; the well-known tenor Edward Lloyd and Mrs. P.T. Barnum. Clearing Queenstown at 2:15 p.m. on 1 April, Teutonic coursed westwards and did so in capital fashion, arriving at New York the morning of the 6th after a 6-day 5-min. crossing.
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Credit: The Evening World, 13 April 1892. |
With the biggest cabin passenger list (235 First and 139 Second Class), with Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Pulitzer once again aboard, from New York so far that season, Teutonic cleared her North River pier the afternoon of 13 April 1892, passing out of Sandy Hook at 7:50 p.m. Upon her arrival at Queenstown at 12:10 a.m. on the 19th, the Cork Daily Herald reported: " The noble liner on this occasion took the southerly route, and covered a distance altogether of 2,900 miles. Nevertheless, she accomplished the passage from Sandy Hook to Rochespoint in five days 23 hours and 29 minutes, which appears to be the fastest on record. Her average steaming during the passage was 20.21 knots per hour. She had a large number of all classes of passengers, several of whom landed at Queenstown, and spoke most favourably of the liner in every respect. " It was indeed a new eastbound record and Teutonic logged impressive daily runs of 312, 450, 470, 491, 471 and 245 up to Queenstown. A cabin passenger, Mr. Edward Wylde, died aboard, and his body taken on to Liverpool in the company of his wife and child. Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 20th.
Arriving at Queenstown from Liverpool (sailing the previous day) at 9:40 a.m. on 28 April 1892, Teutonic sailed at 2:20 p.m. for New York. Among those aboard was Charles Emory Smith, U.S. Ambassador to Russia. "After a very fast trip," (Evening World), Teutonic passed Sandy Hook at 10:50 a.m. on 4 May and was docked by 2:30 p.m.. On arrival, Ambassador Smith told reporters of the great welcome the American ship Indiana, carrying grain in relief of the famine in Russia received on arrival at Libau; this being the same vessel that collided with Teutonic's coal barges at Liverpool earlier.
The big news in May 1892 was the re-flagging of the Inman flyers and great rivals to Teutonic and Majestic, under the American flag, and the merging of the Inman firm with American Line. Effected the next year, it reintroduced nationalism into the potent rivalry among the fastest ships on the Atlantic and led to the construction of two American-built express liners, St. Louis and St. Paul. That month, the Germans entered the "20-knot club" with HAPAG's new Fuerst Bismarck which set a new record between New York and Southampton of 6 days 12 hours 33 mins at 20.076 knots average or a quarter of a knot under Teutonic's best performance.
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Credit: The Evening World, 10 May 1892. |
Teutonic left New York on 12 May 1892, numbering J.P. Morgan, Lord Arthur and Lady Butler, Lord Alexander Paget, Mr. & Mrs. C.A. Spreckels, George Peabody Wetmore, Fred W. Vanderbilt and J.F. Mackay among those aboard. When arriving off Rochespoint on the 18th, the fog was so dense that no attempt was made to call at Queenstown and Teutonic made direct for Liverpool at 1:40 a.m., arriving there later that day.
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Credit: The Evening World, 2 June 1892. |
From Liverpool on 25 May 1892 and Queenstown the following day, Teutonic passed an iceberg on the 29th and several more the following day en route to New York where she arrived on the afternoon of 1 June after a smart crossing of 6 days 45 mins. Less efficient and expeditious was the reception afforded to her 900 steerage passengers by the immigration officials. Even though Teutonic was at her pier by 1:00 p.m., they refused to accept their transfer by ferry to Ellis Island for processing until the following day. White Star filed a complaint with Washington over the matter and her poor passengers had to spend the night aboard at company expense. " It was a cruel and disheartening first experience of a new world which fell to the lot of the 900 immigrants who were left to stifle all last night in the Teutonic's steerage, though the steamer was docked at 1 o'clock in the afternoon. Somebody at Ellis Island was so much to blame for this that it should cause trouble there." (The Evening World, 2 June 1892).
The crew of Teutonic held their annual picnic and field games outing on 4 June 1892 at Oak Point.
The British Ambassador to the United States, Sir Julian Paunceforte, Lady Pauncefort and daughters were among those embarking Teutonic on 8 June 1892 for Liverpool. She gave her passengers a quick passage over, logging 6 days 5 hours 30 mins., arrriving at Queenstown at 2:05 a.m. on the 15th and off for Liverpool at 5:40 a.m. where she docked afternoon.
Passing out of Queenstown at 2:50 p.m. on 23 June 1892, Teutonic made New York on the afternoon of the 29th, docking at 4:00 p.m.. The customs men discovered some $3000 in jewelry secreted in the luggage of one family from Glasgow.
Teutonic departed New York on 6 July 1892 at 3:00 p.m. with a capacity list of 1,450 and making the run across in 6 days 6 hours in fine weather, arrived at Queenstown the morning of the 13th. She landed 325 passengers there, more from any one steamer in recent memory.
The Teutonic left Mersey on Wednesday, under the command of Captain Irving who is a lieutenant in the R.N.R., and an old Conway boy. Captain Irving was born in Cumberland in 1849, and after leaving the school ship was apprenticed to Messrs. T. H. Ismay and Co., and afterwards passed through the various grades of his profession on board the fine clipper ships of the White Star Line, one of which he commanded. In February, 1878, he obtained command of one of the mail steamers, and has since worked his way up with remarkable success to his present responsible position. Under his command the Teutonic in 1891 made a record passage west of of days 16 hours 31 minutes, and other eastern passages made have been 5 21 3, 5 21 22. and 5 21 46, again showing the uniformity which has always characterised the passages of the White Star steamers.
Liverpool Mercury, 30 July 1892.
Having just lost her westbound record to City of Paris (which logged 5 days 15 hours 58 mins at 21.02 knots on her first crossing under the U.S. flag) Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 27 July 1892 and clearing Queenstown at 2:15 p.m. the next day, with 248 First, 267 Second and 966 Third Class passengers, with a score to settle. Teutonic seemed a certain record breaker again when she was barely discerned in heavy fog off Sandy Hook at 1:45 a.m. 3 August and Capt. Irving knew he would have to get to Sandy Hook before 2:02 a.m. to reclaim the record. But it was not to be and she actually passed Sandy Hook some three hours later than reported. She sure made a good effort despite bad weather and machinery troubles, logging 5 days 18 hours 46 mins. at average of 19.99 knots, setting a new record for single days run of 528 nautical miles.
The Teutonic distinguished herself: however, by breaking the record for single day runs. She made in the nautical day of nearly 25 hours, from noon on Monday until noon on Tuesday, the marvellous run of 528 knots. This exceeds by 11 knots her best previous single day's run, and is 8 knots better than the great run of the City of Paris made on the trip she completed at this port last week. The average hourly speed of the Teutonic on her record day was about 21.40 knots.
The ship not only had bad weather but her port engine got out of order on Tuesday night about 9 o'clock, and she came into port under steam from her starboard engine only. Her daily runs for the voyage were 477, 490, 500, 484. 528, and 290 knots. She had three hours of dense fog off the Banks on Monday, and on the two preceding days she had strong head winds and seas.
The Sun, 4 August 1892.
Never did a steamship make a braver effort to regain her laurels as the Queen of Ocean Racers, and never did a ship have harder luck than the White Star liner Teutonic, which came up to her dock at the foot of West Tenth street at 8.45 o'clock this morning.
She left Daunt's Rock Light, from Queenstown, at 10 p.m. Thursday last, and at 8.56 this morning poked her nose through fog at Sandy Hook, completing her passage in 5 days, 18 hours and 40 minutes, or just 2 hours and 48 minutes behind the best of all record, made by the Inman liner City of Paris, which came into this port last Wednesday alter a trip or 5 days, 15 hours and 08 minutes. Teutonic logged daily runs of 477, 490, 500, 484, 528 and 296 nautical miles.
It exasperating, and to add to Capt. P. J. Irving's grief the big White Star boat had not only failed to beat her rival, the City of Paris, but bad also dropped two hours and fifteen minutes behind her best record of 5 days 16 hours and 31 minutes, which enabled her to hold the record-breaking championship for nearly a year until the City or Paris smashed it by thirty-three minutes last week.
Little wonder that the City of Paris, at her dock adjoining that of the Teutonic, stood a trifle more erect than usual this morning, and that Capt. Watkins walked with a firmer and more elastic step than ever. His ship had fittingly inaugurated her debut as an American vessel by promptly seizing the pen nant as a racer, and he meant to hold onto it.
Little wonder, too, that Capt. Irving, of the Teutonic was not inclined to talk or his ship's failure to break the record. But Purser T. H. Russell was is an excellent humor in spite of the hard luck that bud attended the trip.
On the next to the last day of her trip the Teutonic made 528 knots, beating the record for a single day's run, and Purser Russell dilated on this point, which, he held, conclusively showed that her failure beat the record was not the Teutonic's fault but the result of unfortunate circumstances.
'We had terrible, luck all the way over,' said Purser to an Evening World reporter. We started out under favorable auspices but at once fell in with strong head winds and head seas.
On Monday we ran into a heavy fog off the banks of Newfoundiand and lost three straight hours because we didn't dare to do more than crawl along at a snail's pace.
Even then We might have had a ghost of a show had we not met with an accident last night. At 9 o'clock the port engine broke and we had to work one engine alone during the last 296 knots.
Yesterday we scored 528 knots, guess it'll be a long time before you see that record broken or even equalled. If we hadn't broken down last night we would have run the 296 knots in thirteen hours, instead of the sixteen and a hair hours it took us.
We didn't break the record, but under the circumstances we made a wonderfully quick passage. But we don't give up yet. This ship hasn't finished her career, and she'll surprise everybody before long.
The Evening World, 3 August 1892.
Teutonic left New York at 7:00 p.m. on 10 August 1892, called at Queenstown on the 17th and arrived at Liverpool on the 18th.
It was tough month for the erstwhile White Star champion for on 23 August 1892 City of New York swept into Queenstown after breaking Teutonic's eastbound record by a full 1 hour 6 mins, logging 5 days 19 hours 57 mins from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock.
The next day, now bereft of records, Teutonic bravely went about her business, sailing from Liverpool on 24 August 1892 for Queenstown and New York. She arrived on the 31st at the American port already jittery with the threat of cholera reported among Russian immigrants bound for the city. New regulations were put in force to bathe all arriving steerage passengers and fumigate all luggage. Teutonic arrived off Quarantine at 10:35 a.m. with 300 First, 205 Second and 997 steerage passengers. Her mails (527 bags plus 216 sacks of newspapers) were fumigated aboard the steamer George Starr before being landed and cabin passengers had to sign affidavits they had not been cholera infected areas prior to embarking and steerage passengers' baggage fumigated. She was not permitted to berth until 11: 15 a.m. On 1 September. Among Teutonic's passengers was Lottie Collins, "made famous in two continents by her unique rendition of 'Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay', (The Evening World) coming to New York under the management of Charles Frohman.
The Teutonic's cricket team played the Albion cricket team on 3 September, losing 117 to 64.
Among those sailing from New York aboard Teutonic on 7 September 1892 was Alfred Dietrick, "chief constructor of the Imperial German Navy." Calling at Queenstown at 11:50 p.m. on the 14th, she sailed for Liverpool at 1:10 a.m. and arrived there later on the 15th.
The Teutonic Amateur Athletic Club held their annual picnic and sports meet on 17 September 1892 at Doe Park, Wooton; "the weather proved all that could be desired, and a capital afternoon's sports was the result," (Liverpool Mercury, 19 September).
At the invitation of Mr. T.H. Ismay, the children of the Deaf and Dumb School and some adults of the Deaf and Dumb Institute toured Teutonic on 20 September 1892 followed by an excursion on the Mersey aboard Magnetic, all enjoyed in fine weather.
The New York-bound Teutonic left Liverpool on 21 September 1892, clearing Queenstown the following day at 2:05 p.m., with 285 First and 223 Second Class passengers as well as full complement of Third Class. On the 22nd, the ship's chief cook, Joseph Gough, aged 58, died of heart failure. Passing Sandy Hook at 6:12 a.m. on the 28th, she did the crossing over in 5 days 21 hours 8 mins., arriving off Quarantine at 7:37 a.m., and still undergoing rigourous health protocol there, did not dock until early that afternoon. Among those aboard was Frank C. Ives, the billiard champion.
Departing New York on 5 October 1892, Teutonic put in another good performance, arriving off Roche's Point at 11:49 p.m. on the 12th and logging 6 days 34 mins. From Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock. After landing some passengers and all her mails-- 570 bags-- there, she resumed passage to Liverpool where she arrived the next morning.

Teutonic was off again for America on 19 October 1892 and left Queenstown at 1:57 p.m. the next day, beginning what would be a long and rough crossing over. Due at New York on the 26th, she was a no show, disappointing The Evening World which stated "It was expected that the Teutonic would try on this trip to break the eastward [sic] record and recover the laurels lost her to rival, the City of Paris." Instead, she did not dock until the following morning, having reached Quarantine at 8:20 p.m. the previous night, "after her most stormy voyage," and logging a decidedly unrecordly 6 days 9 hours 51 mins. across. "The weather was so rough that the passengers had to keep below decks most of the time, and there was much seasickness." (The Evening World). The New York Times reported she had braved "boisterous seas and heavy, adverse gales," across and on the morning of the 23rd, hit a heavy gale from the southwest that raised such a high sea that Capt. Irving had to run her at reduced speed for eight hours, so that she did only 360 miles that day. "The Teutonic behaved admirably in the storm, and came out of it uninjured," added The Times.
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Credit: The World, 28 October 1892. |
She landed a most distinguished and varied passenger list that included J.W. Mackay, Marshall Field, the actor Wilson Barrett and his leading lady Miss Maud Jeffries, the renown English comedian, actor and singer George Grossmith and wife; and prize fighter Peter Jackson. The day before arrival, some of her famous passengers entertained their fellow travellers with a "grand concert in the saloon," and "Purser Russell says it was the finest concert ever given aboard
Teutonic." (
New York Times).
Among the 200 saloon passengers sailing to England in Teutonic on 3 November 1892 was a Canadian delegation, led by Sir Charles Tupper and the Hon. Edward Blake, Canadian Liberal leader, members of the Behring Sea Commission. On the 4th, Teutonic passed the disabled National Line steamship England, under shortened sail, in heavy seas and with her engine broken down. A boat was sent over but as no immediate assistance was requested, she proceeded, and England eventually resumed passage. Teutonic arrived off Queenstown at 10:00 p.m. on the 8th in such heavy fog that she could not come in and proceeded direct to Liverpool where she arrived at 2:00 p.m. on the 9th.
What had been a momentous year for Teutonic, begun with records won and ending with records lost, also witnessed an extraordinary change of command for the ship and a demotion of the man who most championed Teutonic as a recordbreaker.
On arrival at Liverpool on 9 November 1892, Capt. P.J. Irving was relieved of duty after 30 years of White Star service. As commander of Teutonic, he was replaced by Capt. George Cameron, formerly of Germanic, who was, in turn, replaced by the promoted Capt, Nicol, formerly master of the cattle boat Bovic. The change was not announced, either, and only came to the attention of the New York papers with the arrival of Germanic there on 18 November 1892 and extensively reported:
News of these changes reached this side yesterday upon the arrival of the Germanic in command of Capt. Nicol. It was a surprise to the steamship people and to everybody interested in maritime affairs. Capt. Irving was one of the best known of the transatlantic commanders, and the personal friend of thousands of ocean travellers. He had been in the service of the White Star line continuously for thirty years, and has a splendid record. Although no reason for his retirement accompanied the news of it yesterday, it was declared that the steamship company disapproved of his ' record-breaking' attempts and dispensed with his services on that account.
Capt. Irving bad an insatiable ambition to command the fleetest ship afloat. A little over a year ago he had a controversy over the logs of one of his trips. He claimed that be had materially reduced the record of the Inman liner City of Paris. This was disputed, and Capt. Watkins demonstrated that, according to the log of the Teutonic, it would have been impossible to make the record claimed. Again this year Capt. Irving alleged that in one of his voyages, the Teutonic made 528 miles in one day, which, if true, would have given the Teutonic the record for the fastest day's run. This record was also questioned, but Capt. Irving stoutly defended its accuracy.
These disputes, it is said, brought the Teutonic's commander into disfavor with the White Star management. The agents on this side, however, profess to doubt that this had anything to do with the company's action.
Capt. Irving's urbanity made him very popular with all his travellers. He was a brave and cautious officer. He has commanded every steamship in the line excepting the Majestic, and next to Capt. Parnell, was the senior captain. He has been exceptionally fortunate, too, and the only serious mishap he ever met with was the Celtic-Britannic collision. The brunt of the responsibility for this disaster fell upon Capt. Perry, of the Britannic, who lost his certifcate through the court's verdict.
'The official information of Capt. Irving's removal from the Teutonic,'said Cashier Adams, of the White Star line, 'came to us to-day by the Germanic, which arrived in command of Capt. Nicol, of the Bovic. Our advices merely said that the Teutonic, which is due here next Wednesday, is in command of Capt. Cameron, and that Capt. Nicol had been promoted to the Germanic. No reasons were assigned for the changes. We know of no cause of complaint against Capt. Irving. He is a good officer and has a good reputation. The change was, made by the company in Liverpool and they alone can explain their action.'
'I am the commander of the Germanic," said Capt. Nicol. I was promoted. I obey orders without asking any questions. I know nothing about the changes, except that 1 have taken Capt. Cameron's place in this ship. I believe that he is now in the Teutonic.'
The World, 19 November 1892.
Capt. P. J. Irving. formerly of the swift twin-screw steamship Teutonic, has not only been relieved of his command, but is no longer in the service of the White Star line. The local office received a despatch yesterday announcing that Capt. Irving had been superseded by the former skipper of the Germanic, Capt. J. G. Cameron. The Germanic, which arrived here yesterday, is commanded by Capt. Robert Nicol. formerly of the Bovic.
Capt. Irving is one of the youngest navigators in the transatlantic service, not being more than 43 years old. He is a veteran. However, having been the skipper of a fine British sailing ship when he was only 19. At 22 he commanded a steamship. He has been in the service of the White Star line since its existence. He was born in Cumberland. England. and served an apprenticeship on the British training ship Conway.
The New York office was silent yesterday in regard to the cause of Capt. Irving's dismissal. It is known, however, that he has not been in favor with his employers for several years. It was insinuated that he doctored his log two years ago to eclipse the record of the City of Paris, then 5 days 10 hours and 18 minutes. He declared that he arrived off the Sandy Hook lightship in the dark hours of the morning. The observers at Sandy Hook and the Highlands said that he arrived later. The time of the Teutonic on that occasion was, according to Capt. Irving, just eleven minutes better than the record of the City of Paris. The Teutonic made an undisputed run of 5 days 10 hours and 31 minutes last year, which, was the record until July. when the City of Paris made days 15 hours and 58 minutes. Her last day's run was 520 knots, which Capt. Irving put in the shade on his next trip by eight knots. The City of Paris beat this splendid run of nearly twenty-live hours in October by two knots, and lowered her record to 5 days 14 hours and 24 minutes.
The Sun, 19 November 1892.
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Capt. J.G. Cameron, R.N.R. Credit: Ocean, Magazine of Travel. |
Under Capt. J.G. Cameron, Teutonic cleared Liverpool on 16 November 1892, and making an early call at Queenstown the following morning, departed there at 1:15 p.m. for New York where she arrived on the 23rd.
H. Maitland Kersey, the agent for the line, said that Capt. P. J. Irving, the former commander of the Teutonic, has retired ftrom the Service only temporarily and at its own request. He was thirty years in the service, and was in command of a vessel at the age of twenty years. It was reported that Capt. Irving, who is a widower, is going to marry a wealthy New York woman. He is said to be a passenger on board the Teutonic.
The Evening World, 23 November 1892.
White Star denied the whole story much less Capt. Irving being aboard, although there was a "J.B. Irving" on the passenger list but accompanied by his wife and two daughters. What was not doubted was that Teutonic had a "rather boisterous" crossing with "high seas and fierce gales," and took 6 days 4 hours hours from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook. It seemed Teutonic's racing days were indeed a thing of the past. It was a difficult voyage with the death of a cabin passengers, Edwin C. Peebles, from heart disease, and a the same day another passenger, James Frank, was stricken with smallpox, and quarantined in the hospital, and later taken to Reception Hospital off Quarantine.
Horseman Foxhall Keene would not be embarking on Teutonic on 30 November 1892 as planned and cancelled his passage, "as he prefers to sail on a steamer with a captain whom he knows personally, and there has been a change in the captains of the Teutonic. He has given up his stateroom and will make the journey on some other of the ocean racers."(New York Tribune, 30 November). White Star's Maitland Kersey did sail as did Vice-Admiral Sir Michael Seymour and Marquis Imperall and Teutonic went out with a good list of 170 First, 70 Second and 870 Third Class passengers. Enjoying rare fine weather for the season, she got into Queenstown at 11:30p.m. on 6 December after a good passage of 6 days 1 hour. Leaving there just after midnight on the 7th for Liverpool, Teutonic docked later that day.

Making his first of several trips aboard her, I.J. Paderewski was among those sailing aboard Teutonic on her final voyage that year, from Liverpool on 14 December 1892. "Who would not like to be a passenger on board the Teutonic on Wednesday next? On this vessel Paderewski will take his passage to Now York. To him constant practice on the pianoforte is as essential as food itself, and he evidently does not intend to allow his fingers a rest daring the voyage, as he is having a new Steinway grand placed in his state-room." (Evening Herald, 13 December). Mr. Paderewski also took two harps, "and will give concerts on the voyage." (The Evening World, 14 December). One passenger made an extraordinary effort to make the sailing:
Much excitement was caused in Queenstown to-day by a saloon passenger Mr. J.S. Piza, a member of the firm Messrs. Piza, Nephews, and Co., general merchants, who had booked a passage in the Teutonic, bound for New York, and lost the mail train from Dublin. Without a moment's delay the enterprising American paid £40 for an engine and carriage to run him to Queenstown, a distance of 180 miles. This journey was accomplished in the fast time of 3 hours 20 mins. A special steamer was then hired, and Mr. Piza chased the Teutonic out of the harbour and boarded her before she passed Roche's Point. He was loudly cheered by his fellow-passengers.
Scottish Leader, 16 December 1892.
With Mr. Piza safely aboard, Teutonic passed out of Queenstown at 2:20 p.m. on 15 December 1892 with 275 saloon passengers aboard. Expected at New York at dawn on the 21st, Teutonic was hours overdue and did not dock until 10:30 a.m. the next morning, clocking 6 days 13 hours 21 mins. from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook, some 12 hours slower than her usual performance. Her daily runs showed how rough the trip was: 409, 378, 410, 439, 440 and 477 nautical miles.
She left Liverpool on Thursday and on Saturday encountered gale that did not abate until she way within a few hours' run of this port.
On Friday she had strong southwesterly winds and a heavy sea. Some of the passengers went out on deck for a moment, but the wind blew so fiercely that they speedily sought the shelter of the saloon. That day the steamer made 375 miles, her usual run being 500 miles a day.
The next day the winds kept increasing in force and before noon a terrific gale was blowing.
Mountain like seas broke over her bow and sides. None of the passengers ventured on deck, which was constantly flooded.
Lifeboat No. 9 was crushed by a wave and carried away.
The Evening World, 22 December 1892.
The Teutonic's storm-tossed passengers were not sorry when the gangplank was over the side and the long voyage was at an end. It had been one continuous roll, tumble, and pitch over times seas whipped into froth by gales blowing hurricane violence. The wind would hold steady for a few hours and then burst upon the ship in a wild outfly from another direction, rolling up a confused sea, and one as dangerous as it was disagreeable.
The first day out from port was marked by a struggle against a heavy south west gale,which a dashed seas over the port bow and beam in such quantities as to make that part of the deck untenable for either passengers or crew. The following day saw no abatement to the storm.
On the third day out from port the storm culminated in a furious hurricane. The Teutonic's officers say that whose height from hollow to crest was greater than any had ever witnessed before. The force of the wind was so great that the crests of the billows were off by the gale and hurled across the ocean in a laterally flying Niagara.
While struggling through the smother of spray and foam, the big liner was beset by waves which continually dashed over the decks. One that was literally 'dished' over the starboard side carried away the forward lifeboat and did other damage to some of the deck fixtures.
The storm slightly abated that night but was doing business at the old stand on the following day. It did no damage to the ship, however, and the one which with the breath of the Arctic the day after, rolled a heavy beam sea against the liners, but beyond making the passengers very sea-sick it did no harm.
There was a brief respite on Tuesday and then a last, long lingering blast, the day preceding arrived.
New York Times, 23 December 1892.
Among the few who did not succumb to seasickness during the crossing, Paderewski, who occupied stateroom P., pronounced himself in "glorious health," and enjoyed the company of his fellow passengers, "On Monday night, just after the worst of the blow was over, Paderewski treated the passengers to a concert in the dining room." (The Sun, 23 December 1892).
When Teutonic cleared her North River berth on 28 December 1892 her refrigerated cargo space was partly occupied by 60 quarts of Maillard's best ice cream which was ordered directly by Mr. J. Bruce Ismay. It was believed to be the first export of American ice cream. Her passengers included Mr. Robert T. Lincoln, American ambassador to Britain.
In 1892, Teutonic made 13 westbound and 13 eastbound crossings.
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Teutonic in New York Harbor, 1 December 1892. Credit: Nathaniel L. Stebbins photograph, Historic New England. |
1893
Ringing in the New Year at sea, Teutonic called at Queenstown on 3 January 1893 after a 6-day 3-hour run, and arrived at Liverpool on the following day. Heavy fog in the Mersey greeted her off Mersey Bay at noon, and "the tender Magnetic, which conveyed the passengers from the steamer to the Landing-stag, only arrived at half-past four in the afternoon, the thick fog making navigation very dangerous." (Liverpool Mercury, 5 January).
Lying at her berth, Teutonic was slightly damaged when she was struck by the steamer Lisbon, arriving from her namesake port on 5 January 1893, which brushed her, coming alongside. Damage to Lisbon was confined to one or two plates on her starboardside and "slight" damage sustained by the White Star liner. A further accident occurred on the 17th when a worker, John Roberts, fell from one of her masts and killed instantly by the fall.
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Credit: The Evening World, 3 February 1893. |
Following her winter drydocking, Teutonic resumed service on departure from Liverpool for New York on 25 January 1893. Clearing Queenstown the next day at 1:55 p.m., she had an almost predictably stormy passage of 6 days 16 hours 36 mins to reach New York on 2 February, 24 hours late. Indeed, the eastbound Majestic went through the same gale. One sea shipped on Teutonic actually went over the crow's nest and she again lost one of her forward lifeboats.
Teutonic left New York on 8 February 1893, among those aboard was Mr. M. Hess, of Bloomingdale's department store, on a buying trip to Europe. This time, fine weather was enjoyed across despite "variable winds," and she put in a smart passage of 6 days 4 hours 32 mins., arriving at Queenstown at 11:00 p.m. on the 14th "When the tender alongside the liner the passengers highly delighted and cheered lustily for 'Old Ireland' on hearing that Mr. Gladstone had the previous evening, in a very able speech in the House of Commons, introduced his Home Rule Bill for Ireland." (Cork Daily Herald, 16 February).
The Cork Daily Herald 10 February 1893 tempted its readers with the news that "the year 1893 is likely to be one of record making and record breaking on the Atlantic," and noting that schedules that month would see Majestic and City of New York sailing the same day from Liverpool for New York and on 22 February, City of Paris and Teutonic likewise.
Teutonic did indeed depart Liverpool on 22 February 1893 on the afternoon tide but City of Paris, on her last sailing from the port (she and her sister being transferred to Southampton) missed the tide owing to some delaying loading luggage, and did not leave until the following morning, but she eventually caught up with Teutonic at Queenstown. Clearing Queenstown at 1:20 p.m. on the 23rd, among her passengers was Princess Kailulani, heiress to the throne of Hawaii. City of Paris followed at 2:00 p.m. and what The Sun called the "Last of the Queenstown Races" was on.
It proved a final triumph for City of Paris on her last voyage from Liverpool, arriving off Fire Island on 1 March 1893 at 10:59 a.m. and, clocked 6 days 2 hours 39 mins. for the run and averaging 20.70 knots with the best day's run of 530. She beat Teutonic by almost three hours which logged 6 days 5 hours 41 mins. It was the last classic trans-Atlantic race and wonderfully covered by the New York press:
Never has there been a more glorious ocean tussle between the giants: never have decks been so swept by the wind-frayed crests of seas, and never have engines throbbed and grimy stokers sweated and passengers betted on this the last contest between White Star and Inman ships.
It was early on last Thursday afternoon that the City of Paris steamed out of Queenstown harbor for the open. She had Daunt's Rock, where the westward races begin, abeam at 2:55 o'clock. The Teutonic had preceded her an hour and forty minutes, and was invisible behind the leaden horizon. But she left her smoky autograph written on the sky, and the City of Paris steered by it until dark.
At noon on Friday the clipper bow of the American liner had churned into frosty foam 469 knots of sea. She was gaining very slowly on the Teutonic. Nobody aboard her knew, but all the patriots hoped it might be so. The Teutonic's run, with an hour and forty minutes in her favor, was 493 knots, or 24 knots better than that of the City of Paris.
The engineer's log on the American showed at the end of the nautical day on Saturday she had made 502½ knots while the Teutonic was making 489 knots. Very early on Sunday morning there was a stir in the smoking room of the City of Paris, and much smothered feeling of a jubilant kind in the heart of her Yankee skipper. Capt. W.G. Randle. Other kinds of feelings prevailed Among many of the feminine passengers, for there was a gale whistling of the out of the northwest, and the seas were of the sort termed by skippers everywhere 'mountainous,' which may mean that they were from trough to crest about thirty feet high. What made glad the hearts of the officers on the bridge, all clad in dripping oilskins, was trail of smoke on the westward sky. Word went round the ship that the American liner was catching the British boat, and some patriots almost forgot that they were not feeling well. One said that the universal Yankee nation wouldn't throw up the sponge for body, and another merrily remarked that he had thrown up everything but that.
There was betting in the smoking room, mostly on the City of Paris, just after she left Queenstown. When the pennant of smoke seen across the western sky Teutonic stock had gone down beyond the betting point. Before 8 o'clock the White Star boat was visible ahead, seemingly making hard weather of it. Some idea of what kind of seas were rearing their crests on Sunday may be had by a glance at the pictures herewith presented. drawn by artist on the Teutonic. From his point of view the City of Paris seemed to be making worse weather of it than the Teutonic, but from the bridge of the City of Paris the Teutonic was 'bows under water' while the northwester was at its worst.
The picture of the two ships is from a sketch made by a passenger on the Teutonic just before noon. The City of Paris was then on the port quarter of the Teutonic. At noon she had the White Star boat abeam, and soon afterward passed her.
Capt. Cameron of the Teutonic made up his mind apparently that his ship was going to be beaten. and the American skipper doubtless decided that he should be. There was no see-sawing after the City of Paris got within sight of the White Star racer. The Paris gained steadily. She battered the tall seas with her clipper bows, and now and then there was a rush of foamy water along her decks. Once twice her bow was hidden in spume and spray. The straight stem of the Teutonic parted the seas, but they came aboard, sometimes in pretty solid masses.
So. for fear of doing damage to her and for the comfort of his passengers, Capt. Cameron had to give up the tussle, and somewhat after 10 o'clock on Sunday morning the City of Paris plunged past the Teutonic in a cloud of spray, amid the cheers of all the voyagers who were able to sit up. Late in the afternoon the Teutonic's Captain saw only the smoke from the triple funnels of the City of Paris.
At noon on Sunday, in spite of wind and sea,the City of Paris had logged 414½ knots. After that the race was over. For all the pitching and rolling of both big boats, neither was damaged in the least. By Monday noon City of Paris had made 493 knots while the Teutonic was logging 479. On Tuesday the difference between the propellers of the City of Paris and the bow of the Teutonic was about 31 knots. Yesterday the City of Paris was abeam of Fire Island at 10:38 a.m. and the Teutonic at 12:15 p.m.. The City of Paris was at the lightship at 12:34 p.m. and the Teutonic at 1:58 p.m.. Thus. in the last lap of the race, the Teutonic made a little better time that the City of Paris, which, being sure winner, had ceased hustling.
The Sun, 2 March 1893.
Thus ended Teutonic's final race and with it, White Star's passion for such things, already on the wane since the departure of Capt. Irving. Indeed, she and Majestic would prove the last ocean greyhounds "built for speed" at Belfast. The race between Teutonic and City of Paris, Belfast vs. the Clyde, was also to be last between two British-flagged liners.
Teutonic left New York on 8 March 1893, and took the southern route in hopes of finding some trace of the missing White Star cattle boat Naronic. Even so, she put in a fast passage of 6 days 4 hours, arriving at Queenstown 10:11-10:40 p.m. on the 14th. The 601 bags of English mails she landed were delivered in London at 2:00 p.m. the next day, setting a new record of 6 days 22 hours for delivery from New York. Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 15th, landing what was thought to be the first importation of Californian oranges to Britain.
Passing out of Queenstown at 12:50 p.m. on 22 March 1893, with 247 First, 199 Second and 242 Third Class passengers (W.K. Vanderbilt among them, returning from Birkenhead supervising construction of his new steam yacht Valiant), Teutonic passed Sandy Hook at 9:20 a.m. on the 29th, logging 6 days one hour from Daunt's Rock.
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Credit: Belfast News-Letter, 13 April 1893. |
From New York on 5 April 1893, Teutonic reached Queenstown at 9:55 a.m. on the 12th after a "rather protracted passage of 6 days 18 hours 33 mins, caused by having experienced during the entire passage across the Atlantic strong adverse winds and head seas. On the 7th, 8th and 9th inst. terrific gales, with tremendous high seas, were encountered, which retarded the steamer’s progress. So violent was the force of the wind that she logged on the 6th only 363 miles and on the following day she recorded only 345 miles. Though heavy seas swept over the vessel, and it is most satisfactory to state that neither the noble liner nor her living freight sustained the slightest injury or accident. The huge vessel proved conclusively her admirable seagoing qualities." (Cork Daily Herald, 13 April 1893). She land 765 bags of mail there before continuing to Liverpool.
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White Star summer 1893 leaflet highlighting the Chicago World's Fair. Credit: Paul Louden-Brown White Star Line Collection |
Among the 266 First Class passengers sailing in Teutonic from Liverpool on 19 April 1893 were the Earl and Countess of Aberdeen, bound for the Chicago Exhibition; Lady Arnott and Truxton Beale, the American ambassador to Greece, and His Exellency Hakki Bey, Imperial Commissioner for the Ottoman Government for the Chicago Exhibition. Teutonic got into New York late on the afternoon of the 26th. She was there when Cunard's Campania arrived on her maiden arrival on the 29th, logging the fastest first crossing to date of 6 days 8 hours 34 mins. It was a good thing that White Star had given up on speed records as the new Cunarders rather put Teutonic and Majestic as well as the former Inman liners in their wakes.
Still the toast of New York Society, Teutonic's 3 May 1893 passenger list for Liverpool included Signora Eleonora Duse, Italian actress, bound for an engagement in London, and "many other distinguished persons." (Evening World). A saloon passenger, Mr. Martin Reddy, from Dublin, died aboard on the 8th from a burst blood vessel, and was buried at sea. The following day, Teutonic arrived at Queenstown just after 10:00 p.m. and her 553 bags of English mails entrained by 10:30 p.m. and in London by 1:58 p.m. the next day.
From Liverpool on 18 May 1893, Teutonic called at Queenstown at the following morning on the 19th, Teutonic took on 540 of American mails there before departing for New York where she docked the evening of the 24th.
Teutonic's 31 May 1893 sailing from New York was the toast of society with the departure of the Earl of Craven and his new bride, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas H. Ismay, Mr. and Mrs. Bradley Martin and Lord Grey de Wilton, as well as a consignment of $750,000 in gold by Lazard Freres. Calling at Queenstown at 5:45 a.m. 8 June, she came in with 671 bags of mail, and got into Liverpool late that same day.
It was a frightening leave-taking for Teutonic's passengers from Liverpool on 14 June 1893 when she went out in terrific thunderstorm: "The heavens suddenly darkened, and loud peals of thunder followed, whilst forked lightning flashed round in a vivid manner, and at times illuminated the big ship. There was no rain at the time, neither was there any wind blowing, and the water was quite calm." (Belfast News-Letter, 16 June). Just before arrival at Queenstown the following morning, a seaman, Wm. Cox, cleaning one of her whistles on the funnel, fell to the deck and severely injured and taken off the ship to General Hospital. Teutonic docked at New York the afternoon of the 22nd.
The athletes of Teutonic held their annual track and field competition on the White Star pier on 23 June 1893.
Clearing New York late on 28 June 1893 with 1,092 passengers (262 First and 205 Second Class), Teutonic got into Queenstown early on 5 July, "beautifully fine weather was experienced during the passage," and the only incident was the passing of a large iceberg on the 1st. She landed 191 passengers and 798 bags of English mail there before resuming passage to Liverpool.
Teutonic's Athletic Club held their summer meet on 15 July 1893 at the Liverpool Athletic Grounds, Stanley and included for the first time, cycle racing, and was followed by dancing to the band of the 1st V.B. Liverpool Regiment.
Following her summer drydocking, Teutonic left Liverpool for New York on 19 July 1893, numbering among her passengers Peter Jackson, of Australia, the champion boxer of the world. Passing out of Queenstown at 1:50 p.m. the following day, Teutonic arrived off Sandy Hook at 9:45 a.m. on the 26th and docked midday. The Sun described Peter Jackson as disembarking in "stunning suit of black English broadcloth, Prince Albert coat, a wide collared Piccadilly collar, and russet shoes. He wore a high shining silk hat, and carried an umbrella, several expensive canes, and a large grip."
Teutonic's cricket team had the misfortune of being matched against the Morris Park Cricket Club on their home ground on 28 July 1893, losing 80 to 166.
His Highness the Nawab of Rampur and party embarked aboard Teutonic the morning of 2 August 1893, occupying "five handsomely furnished staterooms," and guarded from the press by Col. Colvin, of the British Army, who had been charge of the young prince during his tour around the world. Twenty-one personal servants were accommodated in Second Class. Also taking passage was Lt.-Gen. T.C. Lyons, Governor of Bermuda. Altogether, Teutonic went out with 151 First, 195 Second and 530 Third Class passengers and she afforded them a capital passage of 5 days 22 hours 51 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock with daily runs of 18, 448, 462, 458, 445, 461, 474 and 44 miles. Arriving at Queenstown the afternoon of the 8th, she landed 169 passengers and 91 bags of Irish mails (out of total of 540 bags) there before carrying on to Liverpool the following day.
Off again for America, Teutonic cleared the Mersey on 16 August 1893 and Queenstown the next day at 1:15 p.m.. Whilst 260 miles off the Irish coast she passed Mr. Vanderbilt's new steam yacht Valiant, en route from her builders, to her owner in New York. Teutonic arrived at New York on the 23rd.
Sailing from New York on 30 August 1893 with 113 First, 142 Second and 395 Third Class passengers, Teutonic recorded the death of a Third Class passenger, Alfred Berggren, of Sweden, of cerebral apoplexy, during the crossing, who was buried at sea. It was another fast passage in fine weather for the liner, clocking 6 days 15 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock and she arrived at Queenstown the afternoon of 5 September, landing 110 passengers and 84 bags of Irish mail before continuing to Liverpool.
There was another race between Teutonic and New York (former City of New York) on this trip, but between their respective British terminal ports of Liverpool vs. Southampton and the delivery of the English mails to London:
On all occasions when the Queenstown and Southampton routes have been put to a reasonable and fair test, the Queenstown has proved the quickest. Another demonstration of this fact occurred yesterday, in the case of the White Star steamer Teutonic and the American liner New York. The latter left New York at 8.45 a.m. on the 30th ult. The Teutonic left the same day, but at 10.17. The New York was signalled passing Hurst Castle at 5.25 yesterday morning, but the Teutonic arrived at Queenstown at 3.30 on Tuesday afternoon, and docked at Liverpool at 6.30 yesterday morning. The New York carried the bulk of the wails, having 317 sacks of them, but the mails by the Teutonic were delivered all over England the first thing yesterday morning, and on Tuesday in Ireland. This was not owing to the New York being late. as she really made a smart run; but it is simply that the Queenstown route is without doubt the shortest, and thereby the quickest. The Teutonic's passage from New York to Queenstown was 6 days and 15 minutes, by no means her best run. The New York arrived at Southampton at 6.30 a.m. yesterday, Her mails were dispatched for London at 7.15 a.m., and would be delivered in the city at ten o'clock, giving merchants ample time to reply to their letters by the outgoing mail leaving London yesterday evening.
Liverpool Daily Post, 7 September 1893.
This was disputed and The Sun (New York) reported the same day that New York's mails were actually delivered in London at 11:15 a.m. and those of Teutonic at 3:00 p.m., "this is the first time the American line has scored such an eastward victory since its steamships began docking at Southampton."
Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 13 September 1893 and Queenstown the next day with 269 First, 213 Second and 903 Third Class, including English boxers Charley Mitchell and Jack McAuliffe, with Mitchell scheduled for a bout with James J. Corbett in December. Teutonic arrived in New York the morning of the 20th, after narrowly averting a head-on collision at 7:15 a.m. on the 19th with the derelict schooner Annie S. Conant which lay right in the main steamer track. Teutonic made excellent time over: 5 days 19 hours 55 mins.
The Teutonic A.C. and about 300 friends and guests held their fifth annual picnic and games meets at Oak Point on 23 September 1893 with foot races, swimming and single scull races.
Mersey-bound, Teutonic passed out of the North River on 27 September 1893. Perhaps spoiling for a fight, "was in company of the Paris for Southampton for some time," (Cork Daily Herald, 4 October) and put in a good time of 6 days 2 hours 11 mins. to get into Queenstown on 3 October despite being delayed some hours by fog. Landing 153 passengers and 119 bags of mail there, she carried on to Liverpool. The "mail races" continued and the Cork Daily Herald of the 5th claimed Teutonic's English mail arrived London at 11:40 a.m. on the 4th vs. "about three o'clock" for Paris.'
Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 12 October 1893 and on departure from Queenstown the following midday, she had 184 First, 206 Second and 586 Third Class passengers to her credit, including one of her "regulars," department store owner Marshall Field. Putting in a fast run of 5 days 21 hours and 17 mins, she arrived at New York on the 18th.
Returning to England after their victory in the America's Cup race, Capt. Cranfield and the crew of Valkyrie, were among those embarking in Teutonic on 25 October 1893, sailing at 4:00 p.m.. Perhaps trying to impressive her champion yachtsmen, she made knots across and got into Queenstown at 11:36 p.m. on the 31st, 6 days 40 mins out of New York. Her contribution to the mail race was 632 bags for London to be shipped via Dublin and Holyhead. Teutonic anchored in the Mersey at 1:00 the next day, after "a splendid passage." (Liverpool Echo).
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Credit: The Evening World, 15 November 1893. |
With Wilson Barrett, his leading lady Miss Maud Jeffries and 23 members of his theatrical company aboard, Teutonic's 8 November 1893 sailing to New York featured a new sketch, "Tragedien's Quiet Moments" written by him aboard and presented by members of the company at the farewell dinner aboard. Teutonic got into New York on the 15th and in the superb time of 5 days 19 hours 33 mins.
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Credit: Liverpool Daily Post, 29 November 1893. |
Teutonic really found her speed late in 1893 with some excellent performances which whilst inadequate to challenge the new records of Campania, were nonetheless consistently impressive. Departing New York 22 November 1893, Teutonic passed Daunt's Rock at 8:56 p.m. on the 28th, logging 5 days 22 hours 56 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock. Her daily runs were 342, 451, 450, 457, 462 and 469 nautical mies. She landed 132 passengers and 124 bags of mail there and carried on to Liverpool. As usual, Teutonic was attended to at Queenstown by the splendid two-year-old tender America, 135-ft. by 24-ft., which was destroyed by fire that very same night alongside her berth.
Making her last voyage of the year, Teutonic left Liverpool on 6 December 1893 and Queenstown at 2:10 p.m. the next day, numbering J.W. Reinhart, president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, among her passengers. There was no fast easy steaming on this crossing and Teutonic and Havel were both overdue at New York on the 14th and expected there the previous day. The late editions on the 14th reported Teutonic sighted off Fire Island at 1:20 p.m. . "When the big White Star steamer Teutonic came in by Sandy Hook the sailors were busy chipping away the ice which covered her forward deck and hung in great festoons about her bows," (New York Tribune, 15 December). Oddly, all that reported was that the crossing over had been "terribly stormy," and Havel, which got the worst of it, hogged all the attention.
Teutonic's final departure from New York, on 20 December 1893, was one of those awkward ones guaranteed not get her passengers or mails to the "other side" until after Christmas, but still attracted 95 first, 150 Second and 330 Third Class bookings and 271 bags of mail. In fine weather except when it became "rather boisterous" off the Irish coast, Teutonic cranked out "an excellent passage" of 6 days 1 hour 13 mins. to reach Queenstown at 11:40 p.m. on the 26th. There was even a wee bit of racing against Paris which left New York the same day and was passed by Teutonic and by the second day, "so far astern as she was out of sight." (Cork Daily Herald, 28 December). One steerage passenger, Lizzie Kent, died during the crossing and was buried at sea. Teutonic landed 86 of her passengers and 160 bags of mail at Queenstown and resumed passage for Liverpool, arriving there on the 27th.
In 1893, Teutonic made 12 westbound and 12 eastbound crossings.
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White Star Line poster, 1894. Credit: National Maritime Museum. |
1894
Starting the New Year early, Teutonic cleared Liverpool for New York on 3 January 1894 and arrived late on the 10th. Among those aboard were H. Maitland Kersey, White Star New York manager, and J.V. Wierdsma, director of NASM.
Eastbound, Teutonic cleared New York on 17 January 1894 and calling at Queenstown on the 24th, arrived at Liverpool later that day.
Rumours abounded that winter of White Star building an answer to Campania and Lucania, with the name Gigantic appended to the speculation. This was considerably reinforced by discussions that White Star manager H. Maitland Kersey was having in February with the New York Dock Board re. inadequency of existing piers there to accommodate any ships longer than Teutonic and Majestic, "And then comes the important part of his letter. 'The construction," he adds, "of a new ship is being contemplated, whose length would probably be 640 feet, but it is impossible for us to proceed with the plans of this vessel until are certain of securing the desired pier accommodation.' His figures indicate that at the waterline the new White Star liner wll be about forty feet longer than the Campania." (Glasgow Herald, 19 February 1894).
Following drydocking, Teutonic next sailed for New York on 21 February 1894. This time she faced the full rigours of the Winter North Atlantic with a succession of three gales and high head seas from 23rd-26th, and made only 279 nautical miles on the 25th. It took her 6 days 20 hours 36 mins. from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook where she arrived at 4:26 a.m. on 1 March in such heavy fog she was further detained and did not dock until noon. The New York Times writing: "The big White Star liner Teutonic poked her nose up though the fog very cautiously. As there were very few craft in the way she made her pier by noon."
Departing New York on 7 March 1894, Teutonic got to Queenstown on the 13th after a 6-day 5-hour 40- min crossing. So fast, she humiliated New York which left New York the same day and given the English mails whereby Teutonic only carried mail endorsed for her and still delivered them… via Liverpool in advance of her Southampton rival. Among those aboard landing at Liverpool the next day was Australian shipowner James Huddart bound for talks with government authorities subsidising the creation of a through Britain-Canada-Antipodes fast mail service.

The westbound White Star flyer cleared the Mersey at 4:00 p.m. on 21 March 1894 and passed out of Roche's Point at 1:00 p.m., the next day, with 280 First and Second Class passengers, and 498 steerage, and again went right up against Winter North Atlantic weather. Due to arrive at New York the morning of the 28th, she staggered past Sandy Hook at 1:00 a.m. on the 29th. "It was a nasty trip. We had head winds all the time, and on Easter Sunday it was particularly bad," Capt. J.G. Cameron told The Evening World (29 March) which went on the describe a stormy enough crossing to injure a passenger and two crew members:
The climax was reached Sunday when the wave dashed over the ship, knocking movable things in all directions. M. Schleifer, a saloon passenger, who, with his wife, was returning from a visit to Germany, attempted to go out on deck when huge wave struck the ship, shaking her from stem to stern. In endeavoring to retain his feet Mr. Schleifer slipped and fell, breaking his leg.
The same wave caused severe injuries to two seamen who were at the time engaged in repairing the ventilators in the second hatchway. They were lifted bodily and dashed against the rail. One of them, John McComb, had both arms and legs broken, and the other, William Coleman, sustained internal Injuries. Both men are expected to recover.
A sharp lookout was kept for Icebergs and five were sighted, but the ship was kept sufficiently far from them to avoid danger.
The Evening World, 29 March 1894.
She caught the heavy weather as soon as she left Queenstown. A gales was blowing from the south-southeast, and a heavy sea was running. On the afternoon of March 23 the wind veered to the west-southwest and blew a terrific gale. Every now and then a squall would sweep over the ocean with hurricane force. All of Easter Sunday and Monday the high winds continued, piling up great seas, the high tumbling over the bows and washed aft. The passengers were cautioned against going on deck, and only a few of the more venturesome of them left their quarters below.
New York Tribune, 30 March 1894.
Teutonic's football team played the Centreville A.C. at Annette Park, Bergen Point, on 1 April 1894, losing 1-0.
Leaving New York on 4 April 1894 (passing Sandy Hook at 5:51 p.m.) with 200 First, 190 Second and 420 Third Class passengers, Teutonic took the southern route to avoid ice and arrived at Queenstown at the awkward hour of 3:35 a.m. on the 11th, managing a very creditable 6 days 4 hours 44 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock, in "fair winds and favourable weather," despite some fog on the 7th. She brought in 690 bags of mail, and landed 180 of the Irish consignment there along with 113 passengers, and took the English mails onwards to Liverpool. The Cork Daily Herald (12 April 1894) even published an abstract of her log:
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Credit: Daily Herald, 12 April 1894. |
New York-bound, Teutonic left Liverpool on 18 April 1894 and Queenstown the following day, and other than passing a "medium-sized iceberg" on the 23rd, had an uneventful crossing that concluded at New York on the 25th.
There was $1 mn. in gold in Teutonic's strong room upon departure from New York on 2 May 1894, with heavy weight boxer "Big Bob Couglan," known as the "Irish Giant" and bound for home, still recuperating after his bout with champion Bob Fitzsimmons; and Mr. George Grossmith . "The decks of the Teutonic on the warmest day thus far of the year, were fairly crowded with well-known people, but as there were opera magnates among her passengers, more place was left for commonplace folk," (The Sun, 6 May). She gave the "commonplace folk" a ripping good passage across, of but 6 days 2 hours 7 miles to cover 2,897 nautical miles from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock in fine weather save for moderate gales on the 7-8th, and arriving at Queenstown at 11:56 p.m. on the 8th. Of her 605 bags of mail, 532 went ashore there, thence by special train to Dublin and mailboat for Holyhead. Her English mails would be delivered in the Capital by the following afternoon, "in ample time for replies there to be sent by the Germanic, sailing on Thursday for New York." (Cork Constitution, 9 May).
The Mail War continued unabated with questions in the House regarding the English mails being dispatched in the American Line's New York and Paris via Southampton when Teutonic and Majestic, via Queenstown and Liverpool, showed a clear advantage in delivery times:
As an illustration of the working of the present system, a comparison of the average passages and time occupied in the transit of mails of the Paris and New York and the Teutonic and Majestic since they have been running together shows an advantage in favour the Liverpool boats over the Southampton ones of 17 hours and 38 minutes on an average the passages to Daunt's Rock over those to Needles. Making allowance for the 13 hours' difference in distance it will thus be seen that the American Line steamers are an average 4 hours and 38 minutes longer on the passage home than the White Star's.
Liverpool Mercury, 5 May 1894.
The westbound Teutonic took leave of Liverpool on 16 May 1894 and Queenstown the next day, for New York, her passenger list enlivened by Mr. & Mrs. F.W. Vanderbilt and Mr. & Mrs. Foxhall Keene. Arriving at New York on the 23rd, Teutonic did herself proud, logging 5 days 20 hours 40 mins. From Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook, at an average speed of 20.33 knots, a distance steamed of 2,861 nautical miles, and 84 more than on her record trip of 5 days 16 hours 31 mins, owing to taking the southern route to avoid ice. Had she taken the northern course, she would have equalled her best run. She record daily runs of 503, 515, 501, 501, 499 and 341 nautical miles. She reached Sandy Hook at 4:25 a.m. only to have to anchor for two hours waiting for morning fog to lift before coming up to Quarantine and her pier.
From New York on 30 May 1894 (outbound from Sandy Hook at 3:56 p.m.), with 265 First, 200 Second and 305 Third Class passengers, Teutonic encountered "light adverse winds during the entire passage, except one day, but the weather was fine and the water smooth," (Cork Herald, 7 June 1894), and arrived at Queenstown at 4:19 a.m. on the 6th after a "slightly protracted passage" of 6 days 7 hours 20 mins from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock. After landing 150 passengers and 118 bags of mail there, Teutonic sailed for Liverpool where she docked later that day.
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Credit: The Evening World, 20 June 1894. |
Teutonic departed Liverpool on 13 June 1894, and clearing Queenstown the next day at 12:40 p.m., her 120 First Class passengers included "regulars" J.P. Morgan and daughter, Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Pulitzer and daughters, Miss Frances E. Willard, President of the World's and National Woman's Christian Temperance Union; and delegates to the Colonial Conference in Ottawa: Sir Charles Mill, Right. Hon. The Earl of Jersey, Hon. Sir J.H. de Villiers and Lady Villiers. Crossing in 6 days 3 hours 45 mins, on arrival at New York on the afternoon of the 20th, Morgan's yacht Corsair met the ship off Quarantine and escorted her up to her North River pier where she docked at 2:00 p.m..
Sailing from New York on 27 June 1894, with 275 First, 195 Second and 235 Third Class passengers, Teutonic made Queenstown on 4 July, arriving at 12:07 a.m., logging 6 days 4 hours 44 mins. across and enjoying fine weather throughout. One steerage passenger, Michael Ambrose, 34, from Newcastle West, died of consumption on the 2nd, and his body landed at Queenstown. Teutonic disembarked 230 passengers and landed 106 bags of mail before proceeding to Liverpool where she arrived that afternoon.
Yesterday, by kind invitation of Messrs. Ismay, Imrie, and Co., the children and staff of the Bluecoat Hospital, to the number of about 380, were taken for an afternoon trip on the steamer Magnetic. They were accompanied by the band of the institution. After a channel cruise for about two hours, during which the children were regaled with abundant supply of buns, milk, and oranges, and the staff with tea, a visit, was paid to the steamship Teutonic, which was lying in the river. The inspection, under Captain Cameron, of this magnificent vessel was a source of much interest and wonder to the children. At the close of the trip the party was photographed from the Prince's Landing Stage, and hearty cheers, on the proposition of Mr. Mercer, head master of the institution, were given for the directors of the White Star Steamship Company, and for Mr. Livesey, who accompanied and superintended the trip.
Liverpool Mercury, 11 July 1894.
Teutonic was again America-bound on 11 July 1894 from Liverpool and passed out of Queenstown at 1:00 p.m. on the 12th, numbering among her passengers Mr. & Mrs. John Jacob Astor. Teutonic arrived at New York the afternoon of the 18th. A thrill to passengers was steaming by the burning bark Emma T. Crowell, bound from New York to Shanghai with a cargo of oil in cases, which caught fire off the Long Island and her crew rescued shortly before they came on the scene.
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Credit: The Sun, 20 July 1894. |
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The Sun, 20 July 1894. |
Teutonic came ploughing along the Long Island coast just after the Ocean left the wreck. The air was misty, and the Teutonic's chief officer, who was on the bridge, did not notice the huge column of black smoke until the ship was within a few miles of the wreck. Capt. Cameron ordered the chief officer to slow down and stop to leeward of the Crowell. The Teutonic's passengers were intensely interested. They crowded forward on the port side and gazed over the rails. Many of the cabin passengers had marine glasses, and they were turned on the burning bark. When within hailing distance of her the Teutonic dead stop, having reversed her engines few minutes before to check her headway, The liner was crowded and passengers in cabin and steerage flocked to the rails, giving the Teutonic a slight list to port. She was so close to the bark that the name of the unlucky craft could be read with the naked eye. Preparations had been made to launch a lifeboat, but this was not necessary, As all hands saw that there was that there was no one aboard the bark. The officers of the Teutonic knew, being wise men of the sea, that all hands had had time to abandon the bark in the calm sea before the fire had gained much head but there were many passengers distressed by the thought that the crew had been burned. Several persons on the Teutonic made sketches of the bark. One of them, by E. Freeman, is herewith reproduced.
The Sun, 20 July 1894.
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Credit: The Sun, 12 July 1894. |
Many of the supple and agile athletes who are employed as stewards on the large transatlantic steamers are in a happy mood just now over the announcement that an athletic association in the furtherance of their interest is about to be so far the promoters of the scheme have met with every assurance and encouragement, and its success la expected beyond doubt,
Over 2,000 men of the White Star line steamers Majestic, Teutonic, and Germanic, the American liners Paris, New York, and Chester, and the Cunarders Campania, Lucania, Umbria, and Etruria, who have during the past years demonstrated that they can perform creditably on the track as well as in the field, have their signalled their willingness to become members of the new association and give it their entire support.
The stewards of the North German Lloyd and the Hamburg-American packet lines have been asked to join.. These two companies were very conspicuous in athletics on the other side last year. Several of the employees of these lines belong to English athletic clubs of high standing.
The Sun, 12 July 1894.
The trans-Atlantic lines cut steerage passage fare to England and Europe that summer to $10 flat rate and Teutonic went out on 25 July 1894 completely sold out in Third Class, with 1,000 aboard, with portable berths used when cargo space was empty. First Class, too, was well-booked with J.P. Morgan once again aboard his favourite liner, Lord and Lady Mount Stephen, Sir William Lane Booker and Lady Booker, Field Marshal Donald Stewart and Major General Sir John McNell, V.C, among those aboard. In all, she went out with 1,442 passengers (267 First, 175 Second and 1,000 Third)-- the largest number ever carried out of New York by a single vessel to date. It proved an exemplary crossing, accomplished in 6 days 2 hours 8 mins. that had Teutonic arriving at Queenstown at 8:30 p.m. on the 30th, landing 559 bags of English mails and having that for the Capital delivered there by noon the next day. She docked at Liverpool on the 31st.
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Credit: The Sun, 17 August 1894. |
With the "saloon tender" leaving Prince's Landing Stage at 3:00 p.m. on 8 August 1894 for Teutonic anchored off in the Mersey, she was off again for America. Already in a hurry, she arrived at Queenstown at 5:00 a.m. and departed there at 1:00 p.m. for New York with 411 cabin and 681 steerage passengers. Keeping up the pace, she arrived there the morning of the 15th after a smart 5-day 19-hour 42-min. passage done in fine weather except for some fog off the Newfoundland banks as well as passing four large icebergs there, one being 150-ft.-high and 1,000-ft long. Among those disembarking was the noted artist-journalist Fred Villiers, en route to Korea as a war correspondent for the London Standard and Black and White.
Even late in the season, the eastbound steamers were well-patronised that year and Teutonic went out on 22 August 1894 with a good list that included London theatrical manager Augustus Harris; actress Cora Tanner and U.S. Senator John R. McPherson, "the steerage of the Teutonic was filled to the limit," (The Evening World, 22 August) and in all, she left with 104 First, 169 Second and 960 Third Class passengers. Teutonic continued to crank out impressive passages that season and it was just 5 days 22 hours and 1 min. for her to sail the 2,805 miles from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock (daily runs of 465, 456, 459, 459, 459 and 497 nautical miles) and there can have been few ships of the steaming consistency to log the identical mileage on three consecutive days. Arriving at Queenstown at 2:09 p.m. on the 28th, she landed 223 passengers and 105 bags of Irish mail there before continuing to Liverpool.
The last two homeward and outward passages of the Majestic and Teutonic, although not records, are distinguished by remarkable regularity, being as follows: Majestic, homeward, 5 days 23 hours 56 mins.; outward, 5 days 19 hours. Teutonic, outward, 5 days 19 hours 42 mins; homeward, 5 days 22 hours 1 min.
Liverpool Mercury, 31 August 1894.
From Liverpool on 5 September 1894 and Queenstown on the 6th, Teutonic arrived at New York on the 12th after a 5-day 20-hour 40-min. run. She sighted an iceberg on the 9th and "ran into a very heavy easterly gale, veering to the north-northwest, blowing with hurricane force, and high confused seas. Up to noon of that date she made only 451 knots. The passengers, both in saloon and steerage, were quite alarmed, but no damage was sustained by the ship, nor were any of the passengers injured." (The Evening World, 12 September). Among those disembarking were J.P. Morgan and his two daughters who were met off Quarantine by his yacht Corsair and disembarked on her.
A fireman, Joseph Evans, 23, went missing on 17 September 1894 whilst Teutonic was alongside Pier 45, North River. No trace of him was found and it was suspected he may have fallen overboard and drowned.
With 130 First, 75 Second and 590 Third Class aboard, Teutonic left New York on 19 September 1894. Passing out of Sandy Hook at 2:44 p.m., she arrived off Daunt's Rock at 2:44 p.m. on the 25th to clock 5 days 22 hours 57 mins. across. During the crossing over, a steerage passenger, John Moore, age 52, died of bronchitis and was buried at sea. She landed some passengers and 93 bags of Irish mail there and proceeded to Liverpool.
Departing Liverpool on 3 October 1894 and from Queenstown at 12:40 p.m. on the 4th, Teutonic arrived off New York's Quarantine the morning of the 10th, after a crossing of 5 days 23 hours 52 mins. Despite encountering "strong head winds and heavy seas up to Tuesday [9th] noon. "About 2 o'clock on Wednesday morning she ran into a gale off the Long Island coast. The fog and driving rain made it difficult to sight the Fire Island light. After considerable backing and sounding it was finally located a little after 4 o'clock. At Quarantine the water was so rough that it took the boarding officers an hour and a half to get to the Teutonic. She left at 11:17, reaching her dock at 12:14." (The Sun, 11 October 1894).
The Teutonic Rovers played a football match against the Campania's team at the Polo Grounds on 16 October 1894 and won 4-0.
The eastbound Teutonic cleared New York on 17 October 1894 with 170 First, 75 Second and 385 Third Class passengers. She "experienced rather severe weather during the voyage, and yesterday the port engine became disarranged and had to be stopped for about six hours while the engineers were effecting repairs, which were satisfactorily carried out." (Northern Whig, 24 October). Crossing in 6 days 5 hours 39 mins, when Teutonic arrived off Queenstown the evening of the 23rd, it was so rough Capt. Cameron had to bring her into the inner harbour to land 101 passengers and 95 bags of Irish mail. She arrived at Liverpool on the 24th.
Teutonic's 7 November 1894 sailing from Liverpool and Queenstown (8th) caused some minor concern in New York when she failed to arrive, as expected the evening of the 13th or the following morning. American Line's Chester was similarly tardy. It was not until 4:50 p.m. on the 14th when Teutonic finally arrived owing to poor weather across but oddly for the New York papers, no details whatsoever of her crossing were reported.
Teutonic's footballers continued to dominate their Cunard rivals and defeated Campania's team at West Hoboken on 15 November 1894, 5-4.
Departing New York on 21 November 1894, Teutonic went out with a good list of 170 First, 60 Second and 570 Third Class and enjoying fair weather, put in a good time of 6 days 37 mins. Across, arriving off Queenstown at 8:27 p.m. on the 27th. Slightly delayed by fog, the tender with her 84 passengers and 98 bags of mails did not get ashore until about 10:30 p.m. by which time Teutonic was en route to Liverpool where she arrived the next morning.
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Credit: The New York Times, 13 December 1894. |
With W.K. Vanderbilt, and Mr. & Mrs. Bradley Martin (with ten servants and Mrs. Martin having 24 trunks), among her passengers, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 5 December 1894 and Queenstown the following afternoon. Making a good passage over of 6 days 2 hours 6 mins, and arriving off Sandy Hook at 10:11 a.m. on the 12th, Teutonic made it as far Quarantine, at 4:00 p.m., threading her way through thick fog. But that was far as she got when news came to the ship that a New York Central lighter had been sunk after a collision with a ferry off the White Star Line pier and it was decided to anchor off Robbin's Reef for the night and to berth at Pier 38 (White Star's freight pier) first thing the next morning. Mr. Vandberbilt, however, being met by Chauncey Depew aboard the New York Central tug Chauncey Depew, disembarked off Quarantine at 5:30 p.m., much to the envy of his fellow passengers.
The Teutonic Rovers continued to enjoy a good New York season, playing the Unions of Kearny, New Jersey to a 2-2 draw at Cosmopolitan Park on 15 December 1894.
No one embarking Teutonic on 19 December 1894 (110 First, 90 Second and 425 Third Class) had any expectation of getting to England by Christmas Day but putting in a final good run for the year in which she really showed her speed, Teutonic at least got them to Ireland on Christmas night. Logging 6 days 7 mins., she got into Queenstown the evening of the 25th. On the 23rd, a Second Class passenger, Charles de Grenan, 34, died of heart failure. After landing 64 passengers and 171 of her total 1,241 bags of mail, Teutonic made for Liverpool and arrived there on Boxing Day.
In 1894, Teutonic made 12 westbound and 12 eastbound crossings.
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Teutonic alongside White Star's Pier 45, North River, New York. Credit: instagram |
1895
Making her first voyage of the New Year, Teutonic left Liverpool on 2 January 1895. The embarkation arrangements introduced an interim convenience for passengers arriving in Liverpool by train, pending the extension of the railway system to the pierhead:
The London and North Railway Company conveyed free of charge all in well-appointed omnibuses, and their from the Lime-street terminus to the special porters, wearing badges of the Company, dealt with the luggage and saw it the Teutonic, then lying in the port for sailing to New York. Passengers who left Euston at 8 50 a.m. arrived at Liverpool at 1 p.m., and were at the landing-stage about 1 20, their arriving at 1 45, and the tender steaming at 2 o'clock.
The Times, 3 January 1895.
Calling later that day at Queenstown, Teutonic arrived at New York on 9 January 1895, among those aboard being W.W. Astor, owner of the Pall Mall Gazette, coming over the funeral of his wife and complete plans "for finishing plans for the biggest and most costly hotel on this continent." On arrival it was reported that he had occupied "the deck suite A and B" and declined to answer reporters' questions, but among the last to land, did say "Good-by captain, I may be going back with you soon."

Teutonic's 16 January 1895 sailing from New York had William K. Vanderbilt, W.W. Astor and former New York Mayor Thomas F. Gilroy and family among her passengers 135 First, 100 Second and 205 Third Class passengers. The Evening World noting that the Gilroys "had the finest suit of rooms on the vessels, cabins from 51 to 57 in the odd numbers," whereas Mr. Vanderbilt "had engaged a most unpretentious stateroom.." Although according to the New York Times, he had suite C on the starboardside of the ship. "After a slightly protracted passage of 6 days 10 hours and 15 minutes, caused by having encountered strong adverse winds and high head seas during the last four days of her passage," (Cork Daily Herald, 24 January), Teutonic arrived at Queenstown at 4:22 a.m. on the 23rd where she landed two First Class passengers, eight Second and 35 steerage passengers and 117 bags of mail. She arrived at Liverpool later that day.
The superiority of the Liverpool route for the American mails has again been illustrated. The White Star Liner Teutonic and the American Liner Paris left New York at the same time on January 16. The mails by the former were landed in Liverpool on Wednesday evening and were promptly despatched to London by special train, reaching the General Post Office at 1 30 a.m., thus catching the first delivery on Thursday morning. The mails by the Paris only arrived at Southampton at five a.m. on Thursday morning, and did pot get to the Post office until eight a.m.
The Teutonic landed her passengers shortly after seven p.m. on Wednesday, and those for the metropolis proceeded direct by the London and North-western Railway Company's special train which was put on for their accommodation. This was a veritable train de luxe, consisting of saloons, corridor drawing-room cars, and dining cars. Amongst the passengers were his Excellency T. Kati, the newly-appointed Ambassador to the Court of St. James Count Yonafisara, Mr. W. K. Vanderbilt, Mr. W. Waldorf Astor, and Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett.
Liverpool Mercury, 26 January 1895.
Among those sailing from Liverpool in Teutonic on 30 January 1895 was His Honour Adbul-Rechid Bey, secretary to the Minister of the War Department at Constantinople. Calling at Queenstown on the 31st, she went out with 935 bags of mail, 584 loaded there. Due to arrive at New York on 6 February, Teutonic was overdue as was the Transat liner La Gascogne as reports came in off storms in the Atlantic and other delayed steamers. It was speculated that perhaps Teutonic had come upon La Gascogne and rendering assistance. At 4:30 p.m. on the 8th came reports of a steamer passing Fire Island as anxiety grew among those with friends or relatives on both ships. Teutonic was reported to have aboard 150 First, 80 Second and 200 Third Class passengers.

When Teutonic finally arrived in New York, covered in ice, on the morning of 9 February 1895, she was ending one of the toughest trips she would ever make, with ferocious seas that persisted up until coming off Sandy Hook at 5:35 p.m. on the 7th in a gale that was so severe that Capt. Cameron put about and ran off shore for 70 miles to prevent from being run ashore. She finally arrived off Quarantine at 8:30 a.m. on the 9th with stories to tell and The Evening World eager to report them:
Her captain reports having encountered terrific weather. including great gales and a blizzard, with heavy snow, lasting tor several days.
She struck the blizzard while in longitude 61 west, and was obliged to heave to for 62 hours in consequence.
Capt. Cameron considers it the worst experience he has ever gone through.
There are 350 odd passengers on board the Teutonic, and as far as can be ascertained all are in excellent health. The extraordinary weather which the Teutonic experienced leads the Quarantine officials to believe that La Gascogne will yet be heard from.
Such was the experience through which the Teutonic passed that at one the orders were given to get the boats in readiness for launching and even as the vessel came up the lower bay and the Narrows this morning the forward boat on the starboard side hung in the davits and was ready for launching.
Although his own ship was in the greatest peril Capt. Cameron was not forgetful of other mariners in distress.
At 2 'clock yesterday afternoon the lookout on the Teutonic sighted a small vessel flying signals of distress.On approaching nearer to the disabled craft she proved to be the fishing schooner Josie Reeves, of New York.
At 2.30 p.m. the Teutonic's engines were slowed down and a boat was lowered, which was manned by an officers and four men. With much difficulty the steamer's boat approached the distressed fishing smack, but owing to the violence of the seas and the heavy gale blowing, the ship's boat was unable to reach near enough to the craft to board her, whereupon the boat returned to the Teutonic.
The steamship then bore down on the wreck, standing, to the northward and laying to to windward of her, thus making a lee. The crew of the fisherman then launched two of their dories and managed, with great difficulty, to reach the ladder, thrown over the Teutonic's side.
The crew of the smack, which was abandoned. consisted of eight men and the captain. The Captain is John Ericksen, and the men with him are C. H. Godfrey, C. H. Thompson, Nels Nelson. Oscar Kelly, S. Petersen, F.J. Carlsen, Fred Anderson and Harry Larsen. The smack belonged to George T. Moon, of Fulton Fish Market, her capacity was forty-three tons.
The rescued was crew presented pitiable sight as they half climbed and were half dragged over the side of the Teutonic. They had suffered very keenly while on their craft, and in addition to the cold had been for many hours without food. They were well taken care of by the officers of the Teutonic and supplied with food and dry clothing.
The Evening World, 9 February 1895.
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Teutonic's rescue of the crew of Josie Reeves. Artist: W.J. Wyllie |
Teutonic came in with "an enormous quantity of mail matter, there being several hundred bags of it," and within 40 minutes of her anchoring off Quarantine, two tugs, breaking through the ice floes in the harbour, were alongside to take off her mails. At her pier were some 75 people shivering in the bitter cold to greet loved ones aboard the ice-encrusted liner which had to punch her through the ice floes in the harbour and it took her half an hour to steam from Liberty Island to the pier at the foot of Christopher St. and more effort by tugs to get her through the ice and alongside the pier.
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Credit: The Evening World, 9 February 1895. |
Handkerchiefs fluttered from the decks and hats were tossed in air as the big ship, looking more like some wanderer from the Arctic than like a modern, steamship, swung into her slip. Then came the joyous meeting of friends and the old familiar effort to tell in a breath everything that had happened and everything that had been expected to happen.
The New York Times, 10 February 1895.
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Credit: The Evening World, 9 February 1895. |
Three days late, Teutonic passed Quarantine at 9:10 a.m. on 9 February 1895, Teutonic had logged 8 days 11 hours 1 min. for the passage from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook with daily runs of 477, 481, 476, 488, 366, 228, 240 and 136 miles.
An "Evening World"' reporter was the first person to board the Teutonic after moored at her pier.
Purser T. H. Russell told the story of the awful experience of the voyage tersely and absolutely without frills or flourishes, as became an old sea -dog.
'It is positively the worst voyage nave aver experienced,' said Purser Russell, 'and I have been on the Teutonic ever since her first voyage.
'We had stiff winds and heavy seas all through the voyage. The wind was easterly for the first three days, however, and we made good speed. But on Monday we had a gale and high seas, with northerly swells and storms all the time.
'Tuesday we had an easterly gale the whole day and a strong gale, high head seas and hard squalls marked the day on Wednesday. On Thursday we had fresh gales, intensely cold weather and heavy head seas.
'We arrived outside the Hook Thursday evening in a genuine sea blizzard.This detained us twenty -eight hours and drove us in a southeasterly direction seventy miles or more. The mercury was 2 degrees below zero all day yesterday and Thursday night.
The Evening World, 9 February 1895.
Her passengers passed a resolution commending Capt. Cameron and raised a purse of £25 for Fourth Officer Orton and his lifeboat crew for their rescue effort. One passenger and a crew member were injured in the storm, Capt. Cameron who was on the open bridge for 18 hours at a stretch was frostbitten as was Fourth Officer Orton. Among the 143 First Class passengers was Sir William Van Horne, President of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Adding a voyage with enough drama for 20, a baby was delivered to Mrs. A.R. Robinson, who sadly died shortly after birth and was buried at sea.
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Credit: The Sun, 10 February 1895. |
It is not unusual for sailing vessels, and, occasionally, steamships of the old type, to be forced offshore when within sight of port by fierce head gales and tumultuous seas; but it is only little less than phenomenal for a twin-screw colossus like the Teutonic to turn tail before riot of the elements. That is what White Star liner had to do, however, on Thursday evening when her pilot saw, three miles ahead, the swaying lanterns of the Sandy Hook Lightship. They were observed only dimly. through a blinding snowstorm and clouds of vapor from the surface of the water. Capt.Cameron, realizing the danger of trying to enter port in the tempest and obscurity of snow and vapor, steamed back east-southeast about seventy miles for more searoom.
The Sun, 10 February 1895.
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Credit: The World, 3 March 1895. |
Teutonic left New York on 13 February 1895 with 100 First, 30 Second and 200 Third Class passengers, 848 bags of mail and $305,000 in specie. Among those aboard Mrs. William Astor and H.E. Wanamaker, The Evening World reporting that Mrs. Astor had deck staterooms W. and V. on the starboardside and "are the finest staterooms on the vessel." After "an excellent passage" from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock of 6 days 9 hours 22 mins, Teutonic arrived at Queenstown at 1:16 a.m. on the 20th. "The present performance of the Teutonic is a remarkably good one, considering the weather prevailing in the Atlantic lately. For the first four days of the passage the wind prevailedfrom NW to NNW,and for the last two days, easterly winds were encountered. During the entire way across the Atlantic a heavy head, and greatly confused, sea was encountered, which, more than anything else, retards the progress of fast liners. The passage was a regular winter one. However the liner escaped with having sustained the slightest damage or any of her living freight the slightest injury. The passengers who landed here speak highly of the sea-going qualities of the noble liner." (Cork Daily Herald, 21 February 1895). After landing 61 passengers and 96 bags of mail, passage was resumed Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 21st.
Sailing from Liverpool at 4:00 p.m. on 27 February 1895 and from Queenstown at 12:50 p.m. the following day, Teutonic got into New York at 1:30 p.m. on 6 March. Whilst a routine crossing weather-wise, a passenger, James McWhirter, 46, of Woodstock, Ontario, died aboard of double pneumonia, and his body brought into port.
During the ship's call at New York, Capt. Cameron was presented with the gold medal of the Lifesaving Benevolent Association of New York and the Fourth Officer J.H. Orton and his boat crew (William Fitzpatrick, quartermaster; F. McLaughlin, W. Jones, J. Leed, boatswain's mate; and Albert Hawley) also given medal and cash prizes for their rescue efforts with the schooner Josie Reeves. The presentation was made aboard in the ship's First Class saloon.
Outbound from New York at 11:00 a.m. on 13 March 1895, Teutonic arrived at Queenstown at 8:18 p.m. on the 19th and left at 9:00 p.m. for Liverpool where she arrived on the 20th.
Westbound from Liverpool on 27 March 1895, Teutonic arrived at Queenstown at the 28th and left there at 1:20 p.m. for New York. Although she arrived off Quarantine on 3 April at 8:00 p.m, eight hours late, to the considerable annoyance of all, she did not proceed to her pier but anchored off for the night to arrive alongside the next morning. "This caused some of the passengers who had confidently hoped to sleep on land last night to say things about the White Star line. Mr. Kersey said last evening that the line was not in the habit of docking its ships at night and he had ordered the Teutonic to remain in Quarantine until to-day. She was about eight hours behind the time for her usual winter trips." (The Sun, 4 April 1895). She came in with £200,000 in gold.
Teutonic sailed from New York at 10:00 a.m. on 10 April 1895 and got into Queenstown at 10:02 p.m. on the 16th where a tragic incident of an apparent suicide and heroic rescue attempt took place on her departure for Liverpool:
On the arrival at noon of the White Star liner Teutonic in the Mersey, yesterday afternoon from New York, particulars were gleaned of a tragic occurrence that took place in the morning after the vessel had left Queenstown. One of the steerage passengers, a Spaniard, was seen to be suddenly run along the deck,and to leap into the sea. Mr. Robinson, the third mate of the Teutonic, made a heroic attempt to rescue the man, and jumped overboard at great personal risk. The Spaniard was struggling in the water, and Mr. Robinson, who is a good swimmer, succeed in reaching him, the passengers giving him ringing cheers on witnessing the deed. The engines of the vessel were stopped, and a boat lowered, into which Mr. Robinson and the man were taken. It was then found that the latter had succeeded in his suicidal for lite was extinct. The Teutonic was delayed for about an hour, and then resumed her homeward voyage. The body of the deceased was brought to the Landing Stage on board the tender Magnetic, and was removed to the Prince's Dock Mortuary. One of the passengers by the Teutonic, who had become deranged during the voyage, was taken in a cab to the Brownlow-hill Workhouse.
Liverpool Mercury, 18 April 1895.
Clearing the Mersey on 24 April 1895, Teutonic called at Queenstown and steamed westwards from there at 12:55 p.m. on the 25th having aboard 330 saloon passengers, including Mr. and Mrs. Frederick W. Vanderbilt and George Vanderbilt, and 1,011 Third Class. Making a smart passage of 6 days 2 hours 20 mins., Teutonic crossed the Sandy Hook Bar at 10:17 a.m. on the 30th and was alongside the afternoon. She reported passing two big icebergs, one 15 miles and other 7 miles to the north, within four hours on the 29th.
Mersey-bound, Teutonic passed out of New York Harbor on 8 May 1895, With a near capacity list of 296 First, 148 Second and 1,043 Third Class passengers. "The steerage was of the Teutonic which sailed yesterday was crowded. Among the returning were 400 Irish girls who have been employed as servants in families mostly in and around New York. They took advantage of the cheap rates and the temporary loss of employment caused by the departure of their mistresses for Europe or the country to visit their homes in Ireland for a few months." (The Sun, 9 May 1895). Enjoying "fairly good weather" during the entire voyage, Teutonic put in a fine passage, logging 6 days 4 hours 20 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock and arrived at Queenstown at 6:29 p.m. on the 14th where she landed 11 First, 32 Second and 202 Third Class passengers and 88 bags of mail. Resuming passage at 7:15 p.m, she was in the St. George's Channel when at 3:00 a.m. a steerage passenger, Johann S. Krugsbruck, 40, from Germany, committed suicide by jumping overboard, "all efforts made to save him prove ineffectual." (Cork Daily Herald, 15 May). Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 15th.
During Teutonic's turnaround at Liverpool, the Lord Mayor, on behalf of the American Government, presented on 21 May 1895 a gold watch and chain to Capt. J.G. Cameron and medals to the other officers and crew for their role in coming to the rescue of the crew of Josie Reeves. Admiral Gough, the U.S. Consul in the city and Mr. Ismay were present at the ceremony.
Clearing Prince's Landing Stage at 4:00 p.m. on 22 May 1895 and Queenstown the following day, Teutonic coursed once again westwards for New York. She arrived there on the afternoon of the 29th, in time to join other ships in the harbour with whistle salutes to greet the splendid new American liner St. Louis making her maiden appearance in the port following trials.
Among those conspicuous in not embarking in Teutonic for England on 5 June 1895 were Sir Julian Pauncefort, British Ambassador to the United States and Lady Pauncefort, who elected, instead to sail in St. Louis, "a fact which occasioned a little comment." (New York Times). Teutonic and the new American liner, on her maiden voyage, sailed together and more than a few had expectations the two might their way across. Clearing Sandy Hook at 5:27 p.m., Teutonic left in dense fog and lost sight of her would be competitor, and steamed eastbound with 290 First, 200 Second and 820 Third Class. Putting in an exemplary passage, she got into Queenstown at 10:18 p.m. on the 11th, logging 5 days 23 hours 57 mins. across. She reported passing an iceberg on the 8th at lat. 42 3 N., long, 48 13 W. and across with 1,007 bags of mail, landing 850 of them there for dispatch to London where they arrived at noon on the 13th. Teutonic got into Liverpool on the 12th.
H.M. the Queen conferred the Albert medal upon Teutonic's Third Officer, Charles Robinson, R.N.R., for his rescue efforts of the passenger who jumped over the ship's side on departure from Queenstown on 17 April 1895.
With the retirement of Capt. Henry Parsell of Majestic in June 1895, Capt. Cameron of Teutonic became the senior commander in the White Star fleet.
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Credit: Liverpool Mercury, 27 June 1895. |
The 26 June 1895 was a busy day at Liverpool's new Prince's Landing Stage, with its direct connection with the new Riverside Station, with the arrival of Pavonia and Majestic and departure of Teutonic whose maiden departure from the facility (preceding its formal opening on 10 July) was described by the Liverpool Mercury (27th):
Early yesterday afternoon the Teutonic arrived alongside the stage, and was watched by a large crowd of spectators numbering some very 2000 or 3000. The vessel was in command of Captain Cameron, and her berthing was accomplished without the smallest hitch. As is well known, the Teutonic is a steamer which has been built for the Government armed cruiser service, being the first of her kind in this capacity, but in a purely shipping line the proved, like her sister ship the Majestic, to be one of the best and swiftest of the White Star Company. She yesterday carried 250 saloon passengers, with a full complement in the other departments. Among those who sailed in this splendid steamer were Dr. W. B. Coley, the Rev. Dr. Fairbairn, Mr. J. W. Lippincott, Sir W. F. Harnes-Smith (Governor of the Bahamas), and Lady and Miss Haynes-Smith. Including those who witnessed the departure of the vessel were Mr. T. H. Ismay, Mr. Bruce Ismay, Sir W. Shaw, B. Forwood. Sir James Poole, Mr. Shaw, J.P.(superintendent of the northern district of the London and Northwestern Railway Company), Captain (head constable), Mr. M. H. Maxwell, Mr. S.G. Nott-Bower Sinclair, and Mr. Adamson. There were 120 passengers by the train arriving from London, with 600 packages of baggage, the train reaching Riverside Station at 3 20, the delivery of the luggage on board the Teutonic being accomplished in about the ten minutes. Timed to depart o'clock, Teutonic was cleared at that hour almost to the minute: the care exercised in connection with her sheering off was very conspicuous, and those who had charge of this important section of the work deserve the very credit for the manner in which the vessel was sent off on what was her maiden voyage from the Landing-stage.
Liverpool Mercury, 27 June 1895.
Following her call at Queenstown on 27 June 1895, Teutonic had aboard 250 First, 186 Second and 792 Third Class passengers and 894 bags of mail. A passenger, John Thompson, age 28, Second Class, died of heart failure on 2 July and buried at sea the same day, his wife being present. Making a good run, Teutonic arrived off Sandy Hook at 9:18 a.m. on the 3rd, logging 6 days 1 hour 26 mins. From Daunt's Rock even though running at reduced speed on the 1st owing to dense fog. Among those disembarking later that day were Joseph and Ralph Pulitzer.
Among those embarking on Teutonic at New York on 10 July 1895 were John Jacob Astor and his sister, Mrs. J. Coleman Drayton, and Mrs. J.P. Morgan. Teutonic left Queenstown for Liverpool at 7:15 p.m. on the 16th and arrived there following morning.
Ignored by the British press, Teutonic cleared the Mersey on 24 July 1895 and Queenstown the next day for New York where she arrived on the 31st after an unremarkable crossing although she did have a fulsome mail consignment of 925 bags. More exciting perhaps was Teutonic's cricket team's match against the New York Cricket Club at the St.George ground, Hoboken, which ended in a loss by 51 runs.
Teutonic sailed from New York the morning of 7 August 1895 with a passenger list that included Gen. L.T. Lyons, Governor of Bermuda, called at Queenstown on the afternoon of the 13th and arrived at Liverpool the next day.
The Earl of Dunraven and party, bound for New York to see his yacht Valkyrie III and the American Defender race for the America's Cup, were the attraction of Teutonic's 21 August 1895 sailing from Liverpool. The tender Toiler was engaged to offer well-wishers to follow Teutonic down the River. Dunraven was accompanied by his two daughters and G.L.Watson, designer of Valkyrie III. Teutonic, after a rough crossing, arrived at New York on the 28th. Dunraven and Watson spent the night aboard Teutonic on arrival and left the following morning via the tug Pulver to go out to see Valkyrie III's trials before the race.
When Teutonic cleared New York on the morning of 4 September 1895, she went out with 95 First, 90 Second and 325 Third Class passengers and $1.15 mn. in gold. Arriving at Queenstown at 5:35 p.m. on the 10th, the Cork Daily Herald (11th) reported "...after a very stormy and boisterous passage of 6 days 5 hours and 1 min. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock Lightship, during which time she covered 2,814 miles. Strong N.N. West winds, which developed occasionally into strong gales, accompanied by very high and strong seas, prevailed during the entire passage." She landed 135 passengers and 85 bags of mail there. Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 10th and the Liverpool Mercury gave a wonderful account of her docking:
At five minutes to seven o'clock yesterday morning the White Star mail steamer Teutonic came alongside the Liverpool Landing-stage after arriving from New York. Despite a strong breeze which was blowing at the time, the liner, ably manœuvred, glided gracefully into the dummy barges, and was moored quickly and skilfully. The passengers and their luggage were soon got ashore, and at ten minutes past eight the vessel crept away again, towed by the tender Magnetic and the tug Langton into the middle of the river. A slight accident occurred as she was leaving, but fortunately devoid of serious results. When some distance from the stage the tow-rope connecting her with the Magnetic slipped, and the force of the current and wind drove her back to the stage. Here, however, the admirable seamanship of her captain came into play, and so skilfully was the ship handled that a collision with the shore structure was averted. Considering the roughness of the weather, all concerned in the mooring of the Teutonic are to be congratulated on the able manner in which she was brought to touch and leave the stage. Her passenger list was a large one, and many of her voyagers left Riverside Station for London by special train. Numbers of the American visitors made anxious and early inquiries as to the result of the second yacht race for the America Cup, and seemed disappointed at the news of the English representative boat claiming the victory.
Liverpool Mercury, 12 September 1895.
The White Star mail steamer Teutonic, from New York, arrived at Queenstown last evening with 510 passengers and mails. As the tender approached the liner it was noticed that great excitement prevailed among the saloon passengers, who were gathered on the port side of the promenade deck. When the tender reached the liner feverish excitement prevailed, and a shout went up, 'Who's won the race?' Those on the tender replied 'Defender,' whereupon there was an outburst of cheering from the American passengers, odds who on the voyage had been. wagering 5 to 4 on the American boat. The scene was wild when papers containing a description of the race were put aboard.
Liverpool Mercury, 11 September 1895.
Teutonic's 18 September 1895 sailing from Liverpool elicited another write-up by the Liverpool Mercury: "Yesterday afternoon the White Star steamer Teutonic came alongside the Liverpool Landing stage for the purpose of embarking passengers and their luggage prior to her sailing for New York. A special train from London arrived at the Riverside Station with 131 saloon voyagers, and these within a very short time were transferred to the liner. Her passenger list was extremely heavy. It is stated that intending visitors to America next year are already securing berths on the principal steamers leaving Liverpool." (Liverpool Mercury, 19 September 1895). Calling at Queenstown the following morning, she left for New York at 12:45 p.m. and arrived there on the 26th. Among those landing was Marshal Field, the Chicago department store owner.
Designer of the yacht Valkyrie III, George L. Watson, and the two daughters of her owner, Lord Dunraven, as well as Capt. Cranfield and 24 of his crew, were among those embarking in Teutonic at New York on 2 October 1895. She arrived at Liverpool on the 9th, at the same time Germanic sailed for New York. " Shortly before five o'clock the Teutonic, with the tender Magnetic at her bow, slowly steamed up the river, and took up her position alongside the stage without a hitch, notwithstanding a stiff north-westerly breeze was blowing. The perfect skill and precision displayed by those navigating the huge liner was again the subject of complimentary remark by onlookers. Amongst the passengers on board were the Hon. M.H. Herbert, Lady Aileen Wyndham-Quin, Lady Rachel Wyndham-Quin, Captain O. P. Marshall, R.N.R., Lieutenant F. K.C. Gibbons, R.N.R., Captain Cavendish, Dr. Donald Baynes, and Captain Anderson. There were also on board Captain Cranfield, Captain Sycamore, and 24 members of the crew of the Valkyrie." (Liverpool Mercury, 10 October 1895.)
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Credit: The New York Times, 24 October 1895. |
The westbound Teutonic cleared Prince's Landing Stage late on the afternoon on 16 October 1895 and Queenstown the following morning. Among passengers was the pianist I.Z. Paderewski who told reporters on arrival at New York on the 23rd that "he had a pleasant voyage, and had enjoyed the sea air," (New York Times, 24 October), which added that "At the ship's regular concert Tuesday night, Paderewski played five selection, and entered very heartily into the spirit of the entertainment." She also landed her share of a large number of immigrants coming in her, State of California and Belgravia, including 1,500 Italians.
Teutonic fairly snuck out of New York at 4:30 p.m. on 30 October 1895 with little press attention or apparently anyone of much interest in her passenger list to attract it. She went out with 190 First, 115 Second, 235 Third Class passengers and according to the Cork Daily Herald, on arrival at Queenstown at 1:20 a.m. on 6 November, "rather boisterous weather was experienced coming across the Atlantic, but the wind being favourable, the only inconvenience which the passengers were subjected to was some rolling. " She did Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock in a creditable 6 days 3 hours and 29 mins. Rough weather greeted her on arrival and she had to come into the inner harbour to disembark six First, 71 Second and 71 Third Class passengers and 120 bags of mail onto the tender Ireland. On arrival at Liverpool that afternoon, the Liverpool Mercury (7th) reported: "About half-past three yesterday afternoon the White Star liner Teutonic arrived in the Mersey, from New York. Among her saloon passengers were the Right Hon. Lord Playfair, Lady Playfair, Colonel W. J. Alt, Mr. A. H. Smith Barry, M.P., Mrs. Smith Barry, Professor and Mrs: E. D.Kendall, Bishop B. Romig, and Alderman Ruddin. At Riverside Station a special train was in waiting to convey passengers to London."
Teutonic, after drydocking in Langton Graving Dock no. 2, sailed for New York on 20 November 1895, called at Queenstown the next day where she took on 571 bags of mail and went out with a total of 957 bag and "147 tubs of Scotch butter," which The Sun described as an "unusual importation," when Teutonic arrived at New York on the 27th. Among the passengers landing there was Irish national James F. Egan who was coming over to lecture for the benefit of "Irish political prisoners in British jails."
The English novelist, Hall Caine and his family, were among those embarking in Teutonic the evening of 3 December 1895 for the ship's departure at 7:00 a.m. the following morning. She arrived at Queenstown on the 10th at 3:37 p.m., getting into Liverpool the next morning.
A somewhat hazy atmosphere hung over the river yesterday, in consequence of which the White Star liner Teutonic did not come alongside the Prince's Landing-stage for the purpose of embarking her passengers, but lay in mid-river, the tender Magnetic transferring the voyagers from the stage to the liner. Among the saloon passengers were Colonel J. A. Stewart Mackenzie (9th Lancers), Mr. G.R. Askwith, Mr. W. A Lanffton, Mr. Walter Kobbe, and Dr. P. L. Reiss. Lord Dunraven, and his solicitor, Mr. A. Glennie. who intend visiting the States in connection with the dispute over the America Cup, will join the Teutonic at Queenstown.
Liverpool Mercury, 19 December 1895.
It was a stormy last crossing of the year:
The White Star steamship Teutonic dropped anchor at Quarantine about 2 o'clock yesterday morning, after a tempestuous voyage. The vessel left Queenstown about seven hours late, on Thursday of last week, and she ran at once into gales and high seas, which gradually increased. On reaching the Banks the weather moderated, and the conditions were not unfavorable up to the arrival in port, with the exception of the thick fog which set in Wednesday night.
On Christmas morning, about 4 o'clock. Captain Cameron sighted what he thought was a fire at sea. On bearing down to the supposed distressed vessel, it was found that she was a two-masted schooner and that the crew were celebrating Christmas in regulation style. Cheers were exchanged, but nothing else.
Later in the day the wind shifted, and blew in with terrific force, Star but weather gradually moderated. The White Star vessel arrived off Fire Island at 6 p.m. She went on to the Sandy Hook lightship, where she anchored, owing to the to the dense fog which prevailed.
New York Tribune, 27 December 1895.
Lord Dunraven disembarked the next morning via the tug C.E. Evarts without having to wait to come to the North River piers in Teutonic. He was due to give his testimony at the inquiry over the results of the America's Cup race and dispute over Defender's hull length.
In 1895, Teutonic made 13 westbound and 12 eastbound crossings.
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Teutonic embarking passengers at Prince's Landing Stage, c. 1895-96. Credit: Merseyside Maritime Museum. |
1896
Literally starting the New Year, Teutonic commenced her eastbound crossing from New York on New Years Day, as did American Line's St. Louis. For White Star, the departure was first to have fixed sailing time from New York: 10:00 a.m. instead of varying by the tide and regular dredging of the Sandy Hook bar made for sufficient water irrespective of tidal conditions. Henceforth the American Line and White Star boats would depart on Wednesdays within one half hour of one other. Teutonic called at Queenstown at 6:00 pm. on the 7th and arrived the following afternoon at Liverpool in foggy conditions:
Yesterday afternoon the Mersey was enveloped in fog, and on that account neither the Teutonic, which arrived about two o'clock, nor the Germanic, which was outward bound, came alongside the Prince's Stage, as originally intended. The passengers from the Teutonic, numbering in the saloon upwards of 80, were landed the Stage by the tender Magnetic. The liner has made a quick and pleasant passage, and some of the passengers and mails were duly landed at Queenstown.
Liverpool Mercury, 9 January 1896.
Her first westbound crossing of the year, saw Teutonic clear the Mersey on 15 January 1896 and Queenstown the next day, going out at 1:52 p.m. Among those joining her there were six nuns bound for New Orleans to join the Dominican Order of Nuns there. In all, she went out with 225 saloon and 165 steerage passengers who had a rough crossing and "experienced heavy weather throughout the voyage," despite taking the southernmost track. She did not get into New York until the morning of the 23rd, taking 6 days 14 hours 56 mins. from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook.
Mersey-bound, Teutonic left New York on 29 January 1896, after calling at Queenstown on 4 February, departed there at 10:35 p.m. for Liverpool where she arrived the following morning. Her passenger entraining for London from Riverside Station for Euston enjoyed a new improvement by the London and North-Western Railway with the provision of dining cars for all classes of passengers instead of just for First Class travellers.
Teutonic was off again for New York on 12 February 1896. At Queenstown the following day she embarked passengers as well as 554 bags of mail which, when added to those loaded at Liverpool, made for a total of 953 bags, and she also had 27,000 in gold. She arrived at New York on the 20th.
Departing New York on 26 February 1896 with 100 First, 60 Second and 123 Third Class passengers, Teutonic managed to once again to avoid press attention as the dreary winter doldrums of the North Atlantic run set in. Passing Sandy Hook at 12:01 p.m., she got into Queenstown at 5:06 am on 4 March after encountering strong head winds and high seas as well as strong gales from the Northwest, taking 6 days 12 hours 5 mins. to Daunt's Rock. Landing 40 passengers and 77 bags of mail at Queenstown, she resumed passage to Liverpool where she arrived late that day.
The New York-bound Teutonic cleared the Mersey on 11 March 1896 and Queenstown the following afternoon at 12:45 p.m., after taking on 202 passengers and 575 bags of mail there. Her most celebrated passenger was London music hall singer Albert Chevalier. Teutonic arrived in New York on the 18th. Teutonic's surgeon had a busy trip with three babies born on the crossing over, sadly two of them died, including one of a set of twins.
During the ship's layover at New York the Teutonic Rovers lost a football match with the International A.C. on 22 March 1894 by a score of 8 to nil.
One of the ship's "regulars" over the years, J.P. Morgan, was among those sailing from New York in Teutonic on 25 March 1896, on his annual spring trip to Europe. Teutonic went out with 205 First, 100 Second and 140 Third Class passengers as the spring travel season commenced. Teutonic arrived at Queenstown on the evening of 1 April "after an excellent passage of six days five hours and 43 minutes from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock, during which she covered 2,894 miles. Fine weather and fair winds were experienced coming across the Atlantic, and the only incident of the passage was the death of a second cabin passenger named Martin M'Crae, a native of Scotland, who died of consumption." (Cork Daily Herald, 2 April). Landing 65 passengers there and 164 bags of mail, Teutonic proceeded to Liverpool where she arrived the next day.
Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 8 April 1896 for New York, and departed Queenstown the next day at 12:45 p.m.. Among her passengers was A.J. Drexel, and Mrs. Drexel, returning from Glasgow to supervise the construction of his new yacht, Margarita, built to designs by G.L. Watson; and department store magnate Marshall Field. Teutonic arrived at New York on the 15th. Included in her cargo were "74 cases of machetes, 19 packages of machetes and shovels, and 14 bundles of shovels. They are supposed to be for ultimate consignment to the Cuban insurgents." (New York Times, 16 April).
Going out in Teutonic from New York on 22 April 1896 were pianist I.J. Paderewski and Joseph Pulitzer and C. Asahina, editor of the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun, among the 270 First, 210 Second and 280 Third Class passengers.

As the White Star steamship Teutonic moved majestically out from her pier yesterday noon there was heard above the blaring of the band, the shouting of the seamen, And the general tumult incident to the occasion, a high chorus of shrill cries. It was the farewell of Paderewski's feminine admirers who crowded the place, remaining with until the tall, slim figure on the upper deck could no longer be distinguished. Previous to the parting chorus they had mobbed the long-suffering pianist, pressing around him, shaking his hands, giving him flowers, pestering him for autographs, and begging him in tearful voices to come back again soon. And the sad-faced Pole smiled and bowed, and took it all with so unruffled a temper that one could not help but so trying. tie endurance of the man under circumstances.
The Sun, 23 April 1896.
Fine weather throughout the passage made for good steaming and Teutonic logged 6 days 5 hours 47 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock and got into Queenstown at 6:41 a.m. on 29 April 1896. "From five to six o'clock on the morning of the 25th inst. Between latitude 41.52 and 42.04 north, and longitude 48,37 and 48.13 west, the liner passed five large icebergs and immense quantities of broken, submerged ice, very dangerous to navigation." (Cork Daily Herald). Landing 125 passengers and 54 bags of mail there, Teutonic resumed passage to Liverpool where she arrived later that day.
Leaving Liverpool on 6 May 1896, Teutonic paused at Queenstown the next day, sailing from there at 12:45 p.m. for New York where she arrived on the 13th.
The return portion of a resolutely routine round trip commenced from New York on 20 May 1894, numbering among those aboard the British actor Sir Henry Irving and leading lady Miss Ellen Terry who were returning after a long tour in America. They entertained passengers with a concert and dramatic performance during the crossing. It was a cracking good run for Teutonic which got into Queenstown the evening of the 26th, clocking 6 days 2 hours 6 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock. She arrived at Liverpool the next day. Teutonic was among the fist White Star Line ships, along with Georgic and Tauric, the newly opened Canada Dock.

J.P. Morgan embarked at Liverpool on Teutonic for his return to America on 3 June 1896. At Queenstown the next day she took on 536 bags of mail and embarked 292 passengers. Teutonic gave them all a mighty swift passage: 6 days 1 hour 39 mins. from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook but she could have done it in 5 days 20 hours were it not for fog off the Grand Banks and again off Fire Island. She arrived the morning of the 10th and friends of J.P. Morgan had gone down the Bay in Corsair to meet him, but he chose to remain aboard Teutonic on up to her North River pier where he would board his yacht to travel up the Hudson to his summer residence in Highland Falls.

On 17 June 1896 Teutonic went out with New York in pouring rain, both well-booked in their saloon classes as the summer season in Europe beckoned. Aboard Teutonic were 280 First, 200 Second and 530 Third Class and 257 bags of mail and she got them all into Queenstown in record breaking fashion. Arriving at 6:08 p.m. on the 23rd, she had done the passage from Sandy Hook (passed at 1:45 p.m. on the 17th) in 5 days 23 hours 23 mins., averaging 20.22 knots, and her own "personal best" for the long route eastbound. Accomplished in fine weather all the way across, the crossing record daily runs of 417, 460, 473, 484, 476, 474 and 108, totalling 2,892 miles to Daunt's Rock. Teutonic landed 264 passengers and 62 bags of mail at Queenstown and arrived at Liverpool the morning of the 24th
The passengers landed at Queenstown were loud in their praise of the fine passage they had, and of the courtesy of the liner's captain and officers. The only incident of the voyage was the death of an Italian female steerage passenger who died of natural caused. Her body was buried at sea.
Cork Constitution, 24 June 1896.
The passengers were delighted with the passage, and exhibited much mirth at the end of the rapid trip. They spoke in the highest praise of the comfort and general management of the White Star liner, which they asserted could not be excelled anywhere.
The Ulster Echo, 24 June 1896.
Sailing from Liverpool on 1 July 1896, Teutonic cleared Queenstown at 12:50 p.m. on following afternoon for New York after embarking 180 passengers and taking on 540 bags of mail, making a total of 943 bags in all. She arrived at New York on the 8th, her passengers landing there including Lord Sudeley, former director of the P&O, English comedian F. Gottschalk and the American long distance runner T. Avery Collett.
The Teutonic's cricket team lost to the Caribbean C.C. at Central Park on 11 July 1896, 52-25.
With St. Louis and Southwark, Teutonic left New York on 15 July 1896 with 265 First, 205 Second and 470 Third Class passengers, including Samuel Plimsoll and his wife. She put in another smart passage, aided by "fair winds and fine weather," passing Daunt's Rock at 10:24 p.m. on the 22nd, having crossed from Sandy Hook in 6 days 3 hours 35 mins. One passenger, Mr. Frederick Gallatin, was greeted by his own steam yacht, Almy, that would convey him to Bremerhaven to join his family there for a long cruise to Norway and around the Baltic. Landing 223 passengers and 53 bags of mail there, Teutonic proceeded to Liverpool, getting in the following morning. Landing 223 passengers and 53 bags of mail there, she proceeded to Liverpool, getting in the following morning.
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Credit: The World, 6 August 1896. |
Arriving at New York on 5 August 1896, Teutonic (from Liverpool on 29 July) was with Havel, the first ships to be met at Quarantine by tugs (J.E. Moore and Rosa) for the purpose of offloading the mails there so as to expedite their delivery to the post office on arrival. "The steamers were met at Quarantine, and by means of wooden chutes bags of mail were shifted to the tugs. Clerks were in readiness to sort the matter in the bags, and by time the tugs reached this city all the letters had been distributed into new bags ready for delivery at the different railways, East, West and South. As soon as the new system is in full working order it is expected there will be a great reduction In time for letters between Europe and all cities in the United States." (The World, 6 August 1896.)
It would not be a summertime turnaround at New York without a cricket match for Teutonic's team and they defeated St. George's 108 to 53 at Central Park on 8 August 1896.
Teutonic departed New York on 12 August 1896 with 145 First, 143 Second and 420 Third Class passenger, going out with St. Louis, and continuing to relish indulging her greyhound instincts that fine summer, got into Queenstown at 8:35 p.m. on the 19th, logging 6 days 1 hour 35 mins. From Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock. Landing 159 passengers and 61 bags of mail there, she resumed passage to Liverpool where she arrived the following morning.
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Credit: Cork Daily Herald, 27 August 1896. |
Schedules abetted national and line rivalries and sated the public and press appetite for the occasional "race" across the Atlantic to see which ship would deliver the mails faster. Teutonic, her officers and crew, especially her stokers, were seldom reticent to "have a go" and seldom disappointed. From their introduction in 1895, the American Line's St. Louis and St. Paul, America's first modern express liners, were natural rivals although British papers reminded their readers that Teutonic was already considered slightly "second rate" in terms of her speed compared to newer Campania and Lucania yet quite capable of showing up the upstart Americans at any given opportunity. It was also a race for supremacy between the two great English ports, Liverpool and Southampton, American Line's terminal. So it was that Teutonic and St. Louis 12 August 1896 eastbound voyages captured more the usual attention:
The Teutonic left New York at 1.48 p.m, on the 12th inst, the St. Louis having started about two hours earlier, The St. Louis carried the full mail for Southampton and the Teutonic had the mails addressed by for Ireland, and the mail especially addressed by her for England and the Continent. Speculation ran high in New York and respective vessels as to which would get her mails to London earliest.
The Teutonic overhauled her rival at four o'clock on the afternoon. Both steamers kept company throughout the night and the following day, and until four o'clock on the morning of the 14th. Then the St. Louis took a more northern course and went out of sight. The Teutonic reached Queenstown at 8.38 on Tuesday night, after a passage of 6 days 1 hour 47 mins. The total distance she had run was 2,802 knots. She landed mails and passengers at Queenstown an operation which occupied half an hour, and at 9.10 p.m. she left for Liverpool.
The St. Louis passed the Lizard at 3.25 a.m. yesterday morning. The Lizard is about 90 miles beyond Queenstown, and it will noted that the St. Louis passed that point 6 hours 45 minutes after Teutonic had reached Queenstown. She passed Hurst Castle at 11.5 a.m. yesterday, and reached Southampton at noon, a passage of a little over seven days.
The race has, therefore, been very keen.
Cork Daily Herald, 27 August 1896.
Britain's Colonial Secretary, The Rt. Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, MP, and Mrs. Chamberlain, were among those sailing from Liverpool in Teutonic on 26 August 1896, and received aboard by Mr. T.H. Ismay. They were bound for a family visit with Mrs. Chamberlain, the former Miss Endicott, of Boston. Among Teutonic's cargo was a $750,000 consignment of gold for a New York financial house.
On going on board they were received Mr. T. H. Ismay, the head the White Star line. After remaining some little time in the saloon the distinguished passengers proceeded to the upper dock where they were joioed by Mr. Ismay. Mr. Chamberlain had by this time discarded his overcoat and changed his hat for a blue navy cap with a peak. After conversing with Mr. Ismay for some time, they were joined by several ladies and gentlemen sailing the Teutonic. In the meantime the White Star express from Euston had arrived at Riverside Station with a very large number of saloon passengers immense quantity luggage. The scene for several minutes was most animated one connection with the embarkation of passengers, and the hoisting of the luggage on to the steamer.
The Teutonic sailed at the appointed time, amidst a general waving of handkerchiefs on the part of the passengers and a crowd of interested spectators who were gathered on the Landing-stage.
Liverpool Daily Post, 27 August 1896.
Calling at Queenstown 7:00 a.m.-12:40 p.m. on 27 August 1896, Teutonic arrived at New York on 2 September .
Departing New York on 9 September 1896, Teutonic went out with St. Paul and Friesland, and having aboard 105 First, 100 Second and 275 Third Class passengers. The first day she encountered a heavy SSW gale but the rest of the crossing was accomplished in fine weather and in good time, logging 6 days 7 hours 45 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock and arriving at Queenstown on the morning of the 16th. Landing landed 116 passengers and 60 bags of there before resuming passage to Liverpool, Teutonic arrived the following morning.
At the invitation of the White Star Company, about 250 members of the British Association yesterday afternoon paid a visit to the Teutonic, which is at present lying in the Canada Branch Dock. They were received on board by Mr. Ismay, Mr. James Ismay, Mr. Sanderson, and Captain Cameron, who took them round the magnificent vessel. The inspection was one of considerable interest to the visitors, who greatly admired the appointments of the steamer. Before leaving, the delegates were entertained to tea in the saloon.
Liverpool Mercury, 22 September 1896.
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Credit: The New York Times, 2 October 1896. |
Due to sail from Liverpool on 23 September 1896 for Queenstown and New York, Teutonic never even made out of Canada Dock as an autumn gale of considerable intensity with 80 mph winds swept up the Mersey and spread havoc with shipping of all variety in the Port Of Liverpool. Teutonic, the African mailship Benguela and the Warren liner Norseman never made it out of the docks that day. Teutonic sailed on the morning of the 24th and from Queenstown at 7:47 a.m., going out with 947 bags of mail and £551,194 in gold. "Delayed in starting but made a speedy trip,"(New York Times, 2 October), with the bit in her teeth that whole year, Teutonic's 120 stokers put their backs to it and had her making knots to make up the delay and got her to Sandy Hook on 1 October in 6 days 4 hours 4 mins. after clearing Daunt's Rock. She was still a day late, but it was a good show nonetheless.
The eastbound Teutonic sailed from New York on 7 October 1896 and put in another smart passage, taking 6 days 3 hours 53 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock, getting into Queenstown at 10:47 p.m. on the 14th. Two deaths were reported on the crossing: Louis Sternburg, from England, dying of consumption on the 10th and buried at sea and Bella C. Stennes, who passed away from heart disease on the 13th. Her body was taken on to Liverpool where Teutonic docked at 9:00 a.m. on the 15th. Among her passengers landing there were Prince do Poggio Suasa Ruspoli and Princess Rusoli, the Mayor and Mayoress of Rome.
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Credit: The New York Times, 29 October 1896. |
Teutonic sailed from Liverpool for New York on 21 October 1896, called at Queenstown the next day and steamed westwards. Another death, from pneumonia, of William Rock, a Liverpool manufacturer, was recorded at sea on the 27th. Reaching New York the next day, in addition to passengers, cargo and mail, Teutonic she came in with $3,196,100 in gold.
The eastbound Teutonic cleared New York on 4 November 1896, with 150 First, 50 Second and 245 Third Class passengers, and went out with St. Louis, inspiring another corking good passage out of her as did "fairly good weather," and when she came into Queenstown just after midnight on 11th, she had crossed from Sandy Hook in 6 days 5 hours 13 mins. After landing 110 passengers and 61 bags of mail, Teutonic carried to to Liverpool where she came alongside the Landing Stage at 1:30 p.m. the same day.
Wednesday afternoons at Liverpool's Prince's Landing Stage meant a White Star mailship embarking for America and that on 19 November 1896 was taken by R.M.S. Teutonic whose passenger list was swelled by Shakespearean company headed by Gust. Mahé bound for an American tour; John Philip Sousa; and boarding at Queenstown the next day, Irish nationalist John Redmond off on a speaking tour in the United States. Teutonic docked at New York on the evening of the 25th. It is rather wonderful to note that John Philip Sousa composed his seminal American march "The Stars and Stripes Forever" on the crossing over, and writing in his autobiography, Marching Along (1928) that he composed the piece in his head and committed it to paper soon after landing without alteration, and apparently got the beat from Teutonic's engines as she bore him home. "Stars and Stripes Forever" would be first performed in Philadelphia on 14 May 1897.
Teutonic headed down the North River and out into the Bay and past Sandy Hook on 2 December 1896. Arriving off Queenstown in "a north gale and heavy sea," at 2:10 a.m., on the 8th, she could not land mails or passengers there and at 2:57 a.m. resumed passage to Liverpool where she arrived that afternoon.
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Credit: Cork Daily Herald, 19 December 1896. |
The record for the largest mail which ever crossing the Atlantic from the United Kingdom is now held by the White Star Company's s.s. Teutonic.
Cork Daily Herald, 19 December 1896.
Sailing from Liverpool on 16 December 1896, Teutonic was that year's Christmas mailboat and scheduled to arrive at New York two days before Christmas Day, she took on 734 bags of mail there and another 1,106 at Queenstown the next day for a total of 1,840 sacks, "said to be the largest mail consignment ever sent from a British port." The mail train arrived at Queenstown from Holyhead one hour 40 mins. late but a quick turnaround getting it aboard the tender, filling it almost to capacity, had Teutonic off for America in good time. She did not disappoint and reaching New York on 23 December, she had crossed in 6 days 4 hours and 2 mins., "considered good time, in view of the fact that she had strong head winds to the Banks." (New York Times, 24 December).
Christmas Day saw the Teutonics playing the Brooklyn Wanderers , "although the snow lay deep at Ambrose Park, Brooklyn," (The Sun, 26 December) but lost the football match 5-2.
Teutonic left New York on 30 December 1896.
In 1896, Teutonic made 14 eastbound and 13 westbound crossings.
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Teutonic docked at New York. Credit: reddit, yard 401.
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1897
Making her first call of the year, Teutonic reached Queenstown at 1:00 a.m. on 6 January 1897, "but owing to the heavy seas did not communicate, and proceeded to Liverpool." (Manchester Evening News, 6 January). Arriving off Queenstown amidst a S.S.E. gale and heavy sea, Teutonic resumed passage at 1:50 a.m. and arrived Liverpool midday.
Less ignored by the press, was Teutonic's first westbound sailing of 1897 on 13 January:
The White Star R.M.S. Teutonic left the Mersey yesterday with a fairly large complement of saloon passengers. A special train arrived at the Riverside Station from London punctually to time, by which most of the passengers journeyed to Liverpool. Amongst the voyagers are Mr. T. V. S. Angier, Mr. D.S. Ellsworth and Mrs. Ellsworth. Monsignor Gambon, Mr. J.A. Jameson and Mrs. Jameson, and the non. A. J .Marjoribanks. There is also an officer of the New South Wales on board, who is going to America with a warrant for the arrest of a man named Harwood, who is wanted on a charge of murders which have occurred recently in the Australian bush. The officer expects to meet Harwood at San Francisco, to which place he is supposed to be going on board a sailing vessel.
Liverpool Mercury, 14 January 1897.
Teutonic left Queenstown the following afternoon for New York where she arrived on 21 January 1897. She came in with a consignment of nine bags of mail from India which was then suffering with an outbreak of bubonic plague and at the instruction of the health authorities, it was taken off on arrival off Quarantine to be fumigated aboard the disinfecting boat James W. Wadsworth before being sent on to the post office.
Teutonic left New York on 27 January 1897, and continued the pattern of going out with one of the big American Line boats, in this case, St. Louis, although on that day of far more novelty was HAPAG's Fuerst Bismarck departing from Hoboken on a long Mediterranean cruise with 300 passengers. Teutonic seemed destined never to call at Queenstown in the New Year and on arrival off the port on the evening of 1 February, the fog was so thick she proceeded direct to Liverpool where she arrived the next day.
After being drydocked at Langton no. 1 graving dock, Teutonic resumed service with her sailing from Liverpool on 10 March 1897 and she left Queenstown at 12:45 p.m. for New York. Among the 230 saloon and 345 steerage passengers aboard were Sir Donald A. Smith, Canadian High Commissioner in London, and the opera singer Plunket Greene. They all had a miserable and stormy crossing with a succession of gales met almost as soon as she passed Daunt's Rock and when she finally got into New York, almost a day late on the 18th, The Sun gave a full account the next day:
The White Star liner Teutonic, which arrived yesterday from Liverpool and Queenstown, nearly a day behind her usual rough-weather schedule, ran into a tumult of head seas on Saturday last. It was the climax of a succession of gales that battered the liner from the moment she cleared Daunt's Rock. Storm doors were used on nearly all the seven days of the trip. On Saturday afternoon a great comber, that reared its crest above the crow's nest as the ship plunged down into the trough, broke over the weather bow. Fourth Officer English and Quartermaster Balmer were on the saloon deck fastening a storm screen that had been loosened in the riot of wind and wave.
A part of the comber hit them and carried them against a part of the steel superstructure of the deck. English's left thigh was broken and the quartermaster was badly bruised about the head and body.
The ship trembled under the assault of the comber, but she was not damaged. English and Balmer were carried below by their shipmates and attended by Surgeon Mackenzie. Balmer able to resume duty yesterday. English was taken from the ship to St. Vincent's Hospital. He will miss several trips. When two days out from Queenstown Kate McKenna, an Irish immigrant girl, was thrown down by the rolling of the ship and her ankle was broken. She was taken to the Ellis Island Hospital.
Teutonic came in with 11 bags of mail from Bombay which, as before, was taken off at Quarantine by the tender James W. Wadsworth for fumigation before it was landed.
As regular a passenger as the ship ever had, J.P. Morgan embarked again in Teutonic at New York on 24 March 1897 for his annual spring trip to Europe, accompanied by his wife and daughter, Ursula. This time, Teutonic made it into Queenstown, arriving at the ungodly hour of 1:29 a.m. on the 31st and arrived at Liverpool later that day. She landed there a portion of the crew of the Wilson Line steamer Rialto which had been abandoned on fire at sea on 3 March and rescued by the Allan liner Carthaginian.
Bound for New York, Teutonic cleared Liverpool Landing Stage on 7 April 1897 and Queenstown at noon the following day. She arrived off Sandy Hook at 11:20 p.m. on the 14th and docked the next morning. Among those aboard was H.E. Wanamaker,the famous Philadelphia department store owner.
On 14 April 1897 White Star Line announced that Teutonic's sailing from New York of 16 June would be put forward to the 14th to accommodate passengers desiring to get to London in time for Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee on the 22nd.
Teutonic departed for Queenstown and Liverpool on 21 April 1897 and with barely a mention, arrived at the latter on the 28th.
Again escaping any press notice, Teutonic cleared the Mersey for New York on 5 May 1897 and left Queenstown at 1:10 p.m. the next day with 320 saloon and 971 steerage passengers, among the later being "550 Irish girls, ranging in age from fifteen to twenty-five years. They are booked for nearly every part of the country, some even going as far West as San Francisco. The officers of the steamer said that the steerage was livelier during this trip than on any since the vessel has been running." (New York Times, 13 May). Making the run over in just six days, Teutonic arrived at New York on the 12th.
It was a glittering Gilded Age passenger list for Teutonic's 19 May 1897 sailing from New York with Sir William Booker, CMG, and Lady Booker; Mrs. J.P. Morgan and daughters and Mr. & Mrs. Marshall Field among those embarking. Arriving at Queenstown at 10:55 p.m. on the 25th, Teutonic departed for Liverpool at 11:30 p.m. where she arrived the next day.
Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 2 June 1897 for New York, among those aboard being J.P. Morgan, Mrs. Morgan and Miss Ursula, and arrived at New York on the 9th. "The steam yacht Corsair, flagship of the New York Yacht Club, went down to Quarantine at noon yesterday to receive her owner, Commodore J. Pierpont Morgan, who was due on the Teutonic. When the Teutonic appeared there followed a lively exchange of handkerchiefs signals between the members of the banker's family aboard the yacht and the financier, from the promenade deck of the steamer." (The World, 10 June 1897.) Corsair was waiting for him at the White Star pier to take them to his summer home on the upper Hudson.
The day Teutonic called at Queenstown, 3 June 1897, it was announced that she would be present, along with Campania, in their armed merchant cruiser roles, at the Jubilee Review at Spithead, and carry a large party of specially invited guests to the review. This would be additionally facilitated by her already announced earlier departure from New York on the 14th.
Among the 265 First, 185 Second and 410 Third Class passengers sailing in Teutonic from New York on 14 June 1897, "all bound to London to celebrate the Jubilee of her Most Gracious Majesty," (Cork Daily Herald) bound for the Queen's Jubilee, were Lt. Appleby and seven men of the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps, who sailed up from Bermuda in Orinoco, arriving the day before. Teutonic sailed from New York in company with Paris and both vessels were featured in an extensive feature, "Sailing Day, in the New York Times Illustrated Magazine, 20 June 1897, by John T. Maginnis.
For Teutonic, it was a brilliant Jubilee passage, accomplished in superb weather, and done by a ship at the apex of her career and amid the apogee of an age. Taking the long route, and clearing Sandy Hook at 6:03 p.m., she fairly clicked off the miles. The first day's run was 417, "and the second day she leaped through the water, everything as regards the weather being most favourable," (Cork Daily Herald), logging 496 miles, followed by 480, 471, 465, 461 and 108 to Daunt's Rock which she passed at 6:03 p.m. on 20 June 1897, remarkably the same time to the minute of her clearing Sandy Hook. She had covered the 2,898 miles in 5 days 23 hours and 15 mins. Upon passing Daunt's Rock, "the entire passengers assembled on the saloon deck, and as the tender went alongside, cheered lustily from the big ship. " (Cork Daily Herald, 21 June).
H.M. Armed Cruiser TEUTONICAt the Spithead Naval Review
The Jubilee of H.M. Queen Victoria, 26 June 1897
The Teutonic intends being amongst the fleet of vessels at the naval review at Spithead on the 26th inst., and is gazetted to sail from the Mersey on Wednesday next. Therefore the proud Teutonic has only Monday and Tuesday to prepare for the great event. She will be one of the finest ships to seen as an armed merchant amongst the numerous ships assembled off Spithead to take part in the naval review.
Cork Daily Herald, 21 June 1897.
Amid all the preparations for Teutonic's participation in the Jublilee, T.H. Ismay, long a sponsor of the training ship Indefatigable, moored in the Mersey, invited her cadets to join the ship's company on her trip down to the Spithead and witness the Review, "the noble spectacle will, no doubt, stimulate many of them in their desire to adopt a life on the sea." (Liverpool Mercury, 10 June 1897). On the 15th, it was further announced that the cadets of Conway to join the voyage, "Mr. Ismay's thoughtfulness for the strengthening of the aspiration of the future sailor of every rank is entirely typical him," lauded the Liverpool Mercury, 15 June, and there were surely no more proud and lucky boys in all the British Empire than those who joined Teutonic on that glorious occasion.
For Teutonic's regular ship's company, it was the busiest nine days in the ship's career, arriving at Liverpool at 7:00 a.m. on 21 June and departing for New York on the 30th. She was excused duty on the next for Liverpool's Jubilee Day on the Mersey merchant fleet review with the veteran Britannic representing White Star.
It was after 6 p. m. on Monday, June 21, when she arrived at Liverpool. Her passengers, their luggage, the malls and 2,000 tons of cargo were hustled ashore that night. Then 2,600 tons of coal were shipped and the decks and paint work washed.
A Government official came 'fom Portsmouth to superintend the equipment of the liner with her sixteen guns. Sheathings of four-iich teak were bolted to the saloon deck wherever the ordnance was to be mounted. The saloon deck was also stiffened by stanchions extending from the spar deck, and the rails were pierced so that the guns could be trained any direction.
The Teutonic's armament consists of eight 4.7 quick-firing guns and eight four-barrel one-inch Nordenfeldts, equal to all the Victory could do at Trafalgar. Two of the 4.79 were mounted on the forecastle head and two more on the poop. The dozen remaining pieces were ranged along the saloon deck.
The small arms consist of fifty-six, Martini-Henry rifles and cutlasses to match. which rested when not in hand in racks in 'tween decks. The fifty-six Naval Reserves represented by these, arms are an equal number of sailors from the Teutonic's regular crew.
The World, 8 July 1897.
The biggest alternation to the ship was the mounting (accomplished in 48 hours) of her armament: eight quick-firing 4.7-inch quick-firing funs and eight four-barrel Nordenfelt one-inch guns, manned by men from H.M.S. Victory although most of her crew were still aboard, commanded as always, by Lt. J.G. Cameron, R.N.R., it being a proud White Star tradition that the commander, all the principal officers, leading ratings and engine room crew were members of the Royal Navy Reserve and no self respecting White Star liner flew anything other than the Blue Ensign. Here, it might also be noted that the entire cost of arming and outfitting Teutonic as an armed merchant cruiser was entirely borne by White Star Line.
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Teutonic alongside Prince's Landing Stage, Liverpool, prior to her departure for Spithead. Credit: Mariner's Museum, Elwin Eldredge collection. |
Being the principal of the Government armed cruisers, it was fitting that the Teutonic should take a prominent part in to-morrow's naval review at Spithead, the position accorded being head of special merchant steamers next to foreign men-of-war.
As the vessel lay at the Landing-stage, she was noticed by an immense crowd, and considerable attention was given to the staff of men from H.M.S. Victory, who were specially sent down to take charge of the guns. The close connection in these days between the navy and the mercantile marine is shown by the fact that the officers, deck hands, and a large number of the engine staff of the Teutonic are members of the Royal Naval Reserve. The numerous guests, on boarding the fine American liner, were courteously welcomed by Mr. T. H. Ismay. As eleven o'clock struck, the bells were sounded, the gangways slung back on to the stage, and leviathan steamer steamed slowly from the river.
The band of the Indefatigable was on board, and played selections of music at intervals during the voyage.
Liverpool Mercury, 25 June 1897.
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Credit: Liverpool Mercury, 25 June 1897. |
Teutonic sailed from Liverpool at 11:00 a.m. on 24 June 1897 for Spithead with a glittering invited guest list of 400, including members of the Houses of Parliament, Privy Councillors, public officials, representatives of art, science, literature, and commerce, together with 20 cadets from her Majesty's schoolship Conway, and 100 boys from the training ship Indefatigable:
The guests at the review will include Sir Michael Hicks Beach, M.P., Mr. Ritchie, M.P. the Bishop of Chichester, the Countess of Derby, Lord' and Lady Charles Beresford, the Marquis and Marchioness of Dufferin, the Earl and Countess of Lonsdale, the Earl and Countess of Onslow, the Marquis and Marchioness the of of Hertford, Lord and Lady Playfair, Earl Warwick, General Lord William Seymour, Mr. and Mrs.H. M. Stanley, Sir Francis Jeuue, Mr. . Chauncey M. Depew, Sir Cuthbert Quilter, the Earl of Duuraven, the Countess of Shaftesbury, many members of Parliament...
The Times, 25 June 1897.
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Some of the invited guests aboard Teutonic's Spithead voyage. Credit: Mariner's Museum, Elwin Eldredge collection. |
Teutonic would be joined at Spithead by the White Star tender Magnetic which was dispatched in advance from the Mersey to greet her on arrival.
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Credit: The Shipping Telegraph, 29 June 1897. |
A delightfully smooth and pleasant passage was enjoyed by the distinguished guests on board the White Star liner Teutonic, a capital view of the coast being obtained at intervals. The journey here was enlivened by music rendered by the Indefatigable Band, and the musket and cutlass drill of the lads afforded an episode of interest. In the evening the Rev. Dr. Watson ('Ian Maclaren') was prevailed upon to deliver an address. This assumed the form of an exceedingly quaint and original dissertation upon wit and humour. Needless to say it was most effective, and the able lecturer was warmly thanked.
The night proved not less calm than the day, but with morning, when off Start Point, a heavy mist settled down, which necessitated a slowing of speed and some cautious feeling of the way. About two o'clock the Magnetic, the tender for the White Star Line, was sighted ahead on the lookout for the Teutonic, and, with her as leader, the crack steamer proceeded direct for the point allotted to her for anchorage, which she reached at 315 this afternoon. Her position is one of considerable dignity, heading, as she does, the list of special merchant vessels. It should be stated that in connection with the present cruise of the Teutonic a great feat has been achieved in the mounting of her guns. She arrived in the Mersey on Monday last, and within 48 hours the eight quick-firing guns and the eight Nordenfeldts which form her armament were fixed completely in position ready for use, should it be desired to fire them. This procedure, however, does not appear to enter into the programme.
With the haze still hanging over, the whole of the fleet at present anchored in the Solent is not within vision; but sufficient of the lines can be seen to give a profound impression of the naval strength which they indicate. Excursion steamers, despatch boats, and other vessels are busy in passing to and fro. Of the guests who joined the steamer here, Sir George Baden Powell was the first to arrive, coming alongside by a steam pinnace from his steam yacht Otaria. That the genial member for Kirkdale Division was warmly greeted goes without saying. Later came the Magnetic from Portsmouth, whither she had gone to meet the special train which the thoughtful courtesy of the White Star Line had provided to bring passengers from London. Her arrival alongside was an interesting event to the guests already on board the Teutonic.
The newcomers were of course the observed of all observers, and upon Mr. Ismay standing at the gangway to receive them, a prodigious ceremony of handshaking and friendly greeting was involved. Lord Charles Beresford, who was one of the new arrivals, bestowed a hearty greeting upon Lieutenant Cameron, R.N., commander of the Teutonic, who with Mr. W.S. Graves assisted at the reception, and very speedily the newcomers were dispersed about the decks and saloons of the vessel exchanging salutations with friends and joining with heartiness in the doings of the body politic. About this time the new Japanese cruiser the Sanuki Maru, which was one of the vessels included in the Liverpool marine display of Tuesday last, stole out of the haze and passed to her appointed station further along the line, dipping her flag as she did so in compliment to the warships of many nations assembled for the common purpose of honouring the Diamond Jubilee. The New York, which afterwards arrived and took up a position next in line to the Teutonic, observed the same courtesy, which of course was promptly reciprocated, and the evening closed in most musically with sweet strains from the band of the Konig Wilhelm, the German first-class battleship lying near to the Teutonic.
Liverpool Mercury, 26 June 1897.
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Fore deck of Teutonic at anchor at Spithead showing her twin 4.7" naval guns. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
Saturday was a day of unmixed delight on the Teutonic, the morning being devoted to a tour through the lines, in brilliant weather.
After dinner, Mr. Ismay, presiding, proposed in a few sympathetic and effective phrases the toast of 'The Queen' which was drunk with fervent enthusiasm. The toast of 'The Prince of Wales' was also honoured.
The Marquis of Dufferin proposed 'The Navy, Army, and Reserve Forces.' He remarked upon the opportunity afforded during the day of witnessing one of the most extraordinary sights that had ever met the eyes of Englishmen.
No one could have taken part in the proceedings without having his feelings moved to the core. He asked to be allowed to express the thanks of the company to Mr. Lemay for having afforded them a pleasure of the greatest kind, and one which would be a memory throughout life. As to the spectacle itself, those to whom the credit belonged of having created this magnificent exhibition of sea power, as well 36 those who would be called upon to pay for it-- (laughter)--had one object in view--the preservation of peace. Not a thought of a hostile character was associated with the admiration with which they had witnessed the view. He associated with the toast the names of Lord Charles Beresford and Lord William Seymour. In the absence of Lord Charles, who was paying a visit on board one of the ships of war, Lord William Seymour alone responded.
Lord Playfair proposed the health of Captain Cameron, commander of the Teutonic, who responded with nautical point and brevity. Lord Loch next gave the toast of 'Success to the White Star Line.' He first expressed the thanks which all the guests desired to offer Mr. Ismay for the unique entertainment which his kindness and thoughtfulness had provided. While the spectacle which the day had presented afforded evidence of the greatness of the country, the position of the White Star and other similar companies was also evidence of the wealth and enterprise of its people, and evidence which all testified in the direction of peace.
Mr. Chauncey Depew supported the toast, and referred to the magnificent fleet of steamers, of which the Teutonic was the best type. She was perfect as a merchant cruiser, and on this occasion had become the best-appointed yacht in the world.
Liverpool Mercury, 28 June 1897.
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Credit: Liverpool Mercury, 26 June 1897. |
The arrival of the Teutonic at Spithead has already been recorded. That was on Friday. The eventful day of course was Saturday, and it was to the infinite relief of every one that the before-breakfast deck parade showed a change for the better to have taken place in that most essential element the weather. The mist of the previous evening had given place to a light haze which spoke of sunshine and heat to follow,and the promise was not falsified.
It had been at first supposed that the Teutonic would not leave her anchorage, and that a tour through the lines of warships now discovered to be brilliantly 'dressed' from stem to stern must be delayed until evening. The resources of the White Star Line, however, proved equal to the task of meeting the desire which, whether uttered or unexpressed, occupied everyone's mind. The obstacle, whatever it may have been, was removed, and in good time in the forenoon the rattle of steam winches and windlasses forward indicated that raising the anchor was in progress. The news passed speedily round, and a general rush to the library followed to secure charts showing in detail the position and name of each of the ships. It is not here necessary to dwell upon the impressiveness and the interest which the tour of the lines involved for all those on the Teutonic.
What may be mentioned is that the Teutonic herself, passing before the gaze of the most critical of nautical experts the officers of the warships came through the ordeal with flying colours. She was pronounced by more than one naval authority, it was afterwards ascertained, to be the 'smartest' of all the cruisers present, a verdict, it need hardly be said, that received the cordial endorsement of all on board the ship herself. Frequent cheers were given and returned, and the usual ceremonial of flag-dipping was scrupulously observed. Between lines B and C lines of battleships and cruisers the Teutonic proceeded to the eastern extremity, and retraced her way between lines C and D, returning to her anchorage at the head of line E in time for luncheon. After that not unimportant duty came the inspection of the fleet by the Prince of Wales.
In her position at the rear of the foreign warships, the Teutonic lay somewhat remote from the route followed by the Victoria and Albert, and the other vessels forming the Royal procession. The crew, however, dressed in white uniform, were mustered on the fore deck and drawn up at attention, and the passing of the Victoria and Albert, albeit in the distance, was loyally hailed with the National Anthem (played by the Indefatigable band and chorused by all the company) and by 'three cheers,' given just as heartily as if the Prince and his suite were close at hand. To steam through '25 miles of fleet,' as the formation of the warships has been described, was a matter of some time, and the Victoria and Albert, in the course of her tour, made a second appearance, which was hailed with enthusiasm not less sincere than on the first occasion.
Liverpool Mercury, 29 June 1897.
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The commemorative album commissioned by T.H. Ismay to be presented to each of her invited guests for the Spithead cruise of 1897. |
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Teutonic's engineering officers during her Spithead voyage. Credit: Mariner's Museum, Elwin Eldredge collection. |
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Teutonic's purser, chief steward and stewards during her Spithead voyage. Credit: Mariner's Museum, Elwin Eldredge collection. |
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Teutonic's cooks and bakers during her Spithead voyage. Credit: Mariner's Museum, Elwin Eldredge collection. |
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Boys of training ship Indefatigable at carbine drill during Teutonic's Spithead voyage. Credit: Mariner's Museum, Elwin Eldredge collection. |
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Capt. Miller and cadets of training ship Conway during Teutonic's Spithead voyage. Credit: Mariner's Museum, Elwin Eldredge collection. |
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Members of the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board aboard Teutonic's Spithead voyage. Credit: Mariner's Museum, Elwin Eldredge collection. |
The "star" of the review was neither the serried rows of splendid warships, armed merchant cruisers or merchantman of the greatest marine power in the history of the planet, but a harbinger a new era of British marine genius: Charles Parson's Turbinia, the first steam-turbine propelled vessel in the world and T.H. Ismay was afford a trip aboard her: "He could not say the sensation was very agreeable. He had a cold for nearly two months and his voice was nearly gone, and what remained of it had almost been taken away by the speed of that remarkable vessel." (Liverpool Mercury, 28 June 1897).
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Credit: Liverpool Mercury, 28 June 1897. |
During the afternoon occurred an episode of a remarkable kind. Amongst the steam launches that were to be seen cutting through the water hither and thither, a somewhat large and odd-looking craft, named the Turbinia, was prominent. She is the Newcastle-built vessel whose performances in the matter of speed have recently been recorded, and whose mode of propulsion is neither by paddle nor screw, but lays in the employment of turbines in a novel way. Passing as she did close to the Teutonic, greetings were exchanged, and an invitation was extended to go on board the new 'scorcher.' Greatly daring, Mr. Ismay, Mr. Bruce Ismay, and Sir George Baden-Powell descended the Teutonic's gangway, and were put on board. The vessel steamed quietly enough away, and was lost in the maze of hulls which the perspective afforded. Presently, however, she was descried emerging therefrom, and at a rate of speed which it is no exaggeration to describe as terrific. With flames belching from her funnel, with a good third of her keel fairly forced out of the water, and leaving a high curling wake behind, she tore through the sea like a thing bewitched. Those on her deck were seen holding on to rails and the like, and bending almost double to withstand the wind she created.
It was a sight positively staggering while it lasted, and there was almost an element of the uncanny about it. Presently she slackened speed, and in due time Mr. Ismay and his colleagues returned to the Teutonic, where they were questioned as to their remarkable experience. Both Mr. Ismay and Mr. Bruce Ismay admitted that their sensations had been unique, not altogether devoid of on element of nervousness. For the inventor of the Turbinia, in view of the personality of his guests, had been placed on his mettle, and had caused his vessel to put forth every ounce of power she possessed, with the result that she broke her own record for speed, and when observed from the Teutonic in the height of her mad career she was doing something over 40 miles an hour.
Liverpool Mercury, 29 June 1897.
The evening of the review featured the epic illumination of the gathered fleet and many of Teutonic's guests embarked on Magnetic for a trip through the lines of ships, returning at 11:00 p.m., "with a tale of wonders seen which excited the envy of all who had failed to take singular advantage of the opportunity." (Liverpool Mercury).
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Credit: Liverpool Mercury, 29 June 1897. |
The morning of 27 June 1897 the great fleet began its dispersal and Teutonic, mindful of her departure for New York in three days time, made a hasty withdrawal and sped northwards, averaging over 20 knots, she came alongside Prince's Landing Stage at 10:00 a.m. on the 28th, completing the passage from Spithead in 23 hours. "As the Teutonic approached the Landing Stage, the band of the Indefatigable, struck up a suitable tune." (Liverpool Mercury, 29 June).
If ever a man stood in danger of being overwhelmed by the congratulations of his friends it was Mr. T. H. Ismay, as he stood at the gangway of the Teutonic yesterday morning saying good-bye. The noble White Star steamer, spick and span from the Naval Review, and with her guns fully mounted, had arrived back at the Landing-stage, and it fell to the lot of the guests on board to file past the distinguished chief of the line, to shake him by the hand, and express as best they might--and but feeble was the best -their appreciation of the hospitality which, during the preceding four days, had been most lavishly extended.
Mr. Chauncey Depew, with his accustomed felicity in phrase-making, had described the Teutonic as the best appointed yacht in the world, and the phrase was true. Life on such a craft must ever be delightful. On this occasion there was the special interest attaching to participation in the unique spectacle of the century--the remarkable demonstration at Spithead of England's naval resources and might. No matter for wonder was it then, that having in mind so acute a sense of obligation, most people found it impossible to express it adequately in words.
So, although the mere terms of acknowledgment might be conventional, there lay behind a feeling very deep, very sincere, and very real.
Liverpool Mercury, 29 June 1897.
Denuded in short order of her armament and deserted of her 20 bluejackets, and provisioned and loaded with her outbound cargo, Teutonic reverted in efficient order to a Royal Mail Ship and sailed, on schedule, at 5:00 p.m. on 30 June 1897 for New York, with some 150 saloon passengers. "A considerable crowd of people assembled on the stage to witness the departure of the liner, which has taken such a prominent part in the recent naval review at Spithead." (Liverpool Mercury, 1 July 1897). Arriving at Queenstown at 6:30 a.m. the following morning, Teutonic proceeded to New York at 12:20 p.m..

On arrival at New York on 7 July 1897, Capt. Cameron was busy regaling the voracious local press about his ship's part in the review and detailing the process of her conversion. He told reporters proudly that he had received a letter from the flagship Royal Sovereign of C division congratulating him on have the neatest merchant vessel in the fleet. "When the American liner New York passed the Teutonic the band played the 'Star-Spangled Banner,' 'Yankee Doodle,' and 'Hail Columbia,' and every patriot on the New York acknowledged the courtesy by cheers." (The Sun, 8 July).
Back to normal and the start of a new season, Teutonic's cricket team played their first match against the Manhattan Veterans in Prospect Park on 12 July 1897, losing 30 to 95.
Teutonic sailed from New York at noon on 14 July 1897 on time, but without Maj. Gen. W. Gasgoigne, Commander in Chief of British forces in Canada, when his train from Montreal was delayed by a wash-out at Rondout. A number of other passengers were similarly delayed and were rebooked on Campania departing in three days. Those managing to depart in Teutonic included another "regular" in the ship, department store owner Marshall Field, J.C. Bancroft Davis and Mrs. W. Rhinelander Stewart. Calling at Queenstown in the small hours of the 21st, Teutonic sailed for Liverpool at 4:40 a.m. and arrived that afternoon.
After drydocking, Teutonic sailed for New York on 4 August 1897: "Considerable interest again centred in the sailing of the White Star Royal and United States mail steamship Teutonic, from Liverpool for New York, yesterday afternoon. An unusual number of persons of distinction voyaged on this occasionby the steamer, which sailed from the Landing-stage about five o'clock, many of the passengers travelling for the purpose of attending the British Association meeting, which opens at Toronto on the 18th inst.. Two special trains were required to convey the company from London to Riverside Station, the vessel carrying her full complement of passengers." (Liverpool Mercury, 5 August 1897.) Among the nearly 500 saloon passengers were Mrs. John Hays, wife of the U.S. Ambassador to Britain, and son and daughters. Pausing at Queenstown the next day, Teutonic made for New York at 12:30 p.m. and made splendid time across, arriving at New York the morning of the 11th and logging 5 days 18 hours 2 mins. from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook. Less sanguine by passengers' perspective was an especially ruthless and relentless exercise by customs men who extracted some $2,500 in duties from everything from choir vestments to a lady's amateur water color paintings.
Teutonic and Campania's cricket teams played a match against one another on 14 August 1897, and the White Star lads prevailed, 58-19.

The Mersey-bound Teutonic sailed from New York on 18 August 1897, in company with Paris, and did so with considerable excitement: "The White Star line steamship Teutonic, while backing out of her dock at noon yesterday, preparatory to putting to sea, ran down the ice barge M. W. Seaman, filled with ice valued at $2,500, bound up the North River, in tow of the tugs Ronan and Nevins. The barge sank within five minutes. Her captain and crew were taken aboard the tugs.The ice will be melted before the Baxter Wrecking Company can raise the barge. The Teutonic was not damaged." (The Sun, 19 August 1897). Still in a frisky mood, Teutonic put in a fast run across, logging 6 days 33 secs. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock and reaching Queenstown the evening of the 24th. "Although somewhat impeded by fog the White Star liner Teutonic reached the Prince's Landing Stage at ten minutes to nine o'clock yesterday, after a remarkably quick passage from New York. The passengers disembarked, and the luggage was landed so expeditiously that by 9 25 the vessel was able to proceed from the landing-stange to the dock before high water at 9 36, a performance in regard to the highest praise is due to all concerned." (Liverpool Journal of Commerce, 26 August 1897).

Once again bound for New York (on her 99th voyage), Teutonic cleared the Mersey on 1 September 1897 and Queenstown the next day at 12:20 p.m. and went out "carrying a full complement of passengers" on a peak westbound sailing having aboard 288 First, 186 Second and 694 Third Class. Among those aboard, again, was Mrs. J.P. Morgan and her two daughters. Arriving at New York at 11:30 pm. on the 7th, Teutonic had put in a tremendous performance, covering the 2,784 nautical miles from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook in just 5 days 17 hours 22 minutes or only 51 mins. behind her record of five years past of 5 days 16 hours 31 mins at an average 20.35 knots. "She brought back a large cabin passenger list, and the voyagers were delighted with her fine run. Their spirits were doomed to be damped, however, before they were able to leave the pier of the White Star Line." (New York Times, 9 September). This was owing to rigourous, ruthless customs examination enforcing the new Dingley tarrif. J.P. Morgan met Teutonic off Quarantine from his yacht Corsair and joined them on the run up to the pier and "after a tedious wait" whilst their luggage was searched, was hit with a $3,000 duty. One lady paid $180 duty on gowns valued at $300. In all, passengers were assessed $12,000 duty in all.
Teutonic departed New York on 15 September 1897 and arrived at Liverpool at 7:00 a.m. on the 22nd.
Sir Arthur B. Forwood, MP, the great Liverpool merchant and shipowner, and Lady Forwood, were among those embarking Teutonic at Liverpool on 30 September 1897 for New York and she arrived there on 6 October.
If Corsair was J.P. Morgan's yacht for the Hudson and eastern seaboard, Teutonic surely was no less for his trans-Atlantic travels and he once again embarked in her at New York on 13 October 1897. Departing Queenstown at 9:15 p.m. Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the morning of the 20th.
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Credit: Liverpool Mercury, 21 October 1897. |
On her arrival at Liverpool, Teutonic achieved a worthy milestone: completion of her 100th round voyage, having averaged 12½ round voyages since she entered service on 7 August 1889 and steamed a distance of 620,000 nautical miles. Her remarkable performance on her 99th voyage, nearly equalling her best ever run some five years previously showed the true qualities of a greyhound. That month the U.S. Post Office released its annual report of the average steaming times for ships conveying the mails from New York and Britain and the Continent. Teutonic was credited with the third fastest individual run: 170 hours 3 mins whilst Campania had the fastest: 156 hours Moreover, she was a regular as clockwork as the Liverpool Mercury noted on 1 October 1897:
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Credit: Liverpool Mercury, 1 October 1897. |
The appearance of the Teutonic as an armed merchant cruiser at the Diamond Jubilee Naval Review, for which she was fitted out and armed in the brief space of 48 hours, and the favourable notice she attracted on that historical occasion, will be fresh in the minds of the public. To many it will seem a very short time since she was present at the previous naval review, when she was inspected by the German Emperor, who was so much impressed by her structure and armament that he has made it his policy to encourage the shipowners of Germany to create fleets of similar vessels, and on the production of each successive German, steamship of the Teutonic type he has not failed to publicly express his personal approval and satisfaction. His Majesty visited the Teutonic on 4th August, 1889, when, as a new ship, she came from the hands of her builders, and had yet to begin her career as an Atlantic mail steamer in the service of the White Star Line. She sailed from Liverpool upon her first voyage to New York on the 7th August, 1889. On her arrival in the Mersey yesterday she completed her 100th round voyage, and has thus accomplished the remarkable average of 124 round voyages a year for eight years, and covered a distance of 620,000 nautical miles.
The Teutonic's maiden passage from Queenstown, to New York was the quickest on record, and in 1891 she crossed to New York 5 days 16 hours 31 minutes, the fastest passage recorded up to that time. On her 99th voyage she made the run across from Queenstown in 5 days 17 hours 22 minutes, showing that she has maintained her high speed unimpaired, and, like the Majestic, her twin sister and rival in speed, is to-day one of the most popular steamships on the Atlantic.
The heavy subsidies paid to foreign steamship lines severely intensify the competition to which the British lines are exposed, in face of which it is satisfactory to know that the British steamers are still able to give such a good account of themselves. The Teutonic and Majestic are twin-screw steamers of 10,000 tons gross measurement. These two steamers were the first vessels specially designed and constructed under arrangement with, the Admiralty for employment as armed merchant cruisers. With, the addition of the Cymric, just launched, a twin-screw steamer of 12,300 tons, the largest cargo-carrying steamer in the world, the White Star Line will possess in all ten twin-screw ships of the highest class, besides a twin-screw passenger tender and nine single-screw steamers, in all a total of 127,000 tons of shipping.
To the dweller inland there is probably no more imposing scene in the world than is daily visible on the broad waters of the Mersey, where the greatest ocean liners arrive and depart, and this is especially the case on those days of the week when the smart American mail liners may be seen entering or leaving the river.
Liverpool Mercury, 21 October 1897.
The New York-bound Teutonic left Liverpool on 27 October 1897, and calling at Queenstown the following morning, 8:40 a.m.-12:20 p.m. coursed westward. She arrived at New York on 3 November and among those disembarking there was Marshall Field, "the Chicago dry goods merchant," (New York Tribune, 4 November) and Sir James Poole, the shipbuilder and R.C. Lehman, the Harvard boat team coach.
Ignored by the New York press, Teutonic sailed for Liverpool at 1:30 p.m. on 10 November 1897, and arriving at Queenstown at 2:21 a.m. on the 17th, left at 3:25 p.m. for Liverpool where she arrived later that day.
After a quick drydocking, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on her final round voyage of a most eventful year, on 1 December 1897, and left Queenstown at 12:35 p.m. the next day. Aboard "his" favourite ship, was J.P. Morgan, returning from his trip to Europe, and returning with the body of his late partner, Walter H. Burns, who had passed away in England on 22 November, and accompanied by his son. Teutonic arrived at New York on the 8th.
Teutonic cleared New York on 15 December 1897 and arriving at Queenstown at 7:25 p.m., carried on to Liverpool where she arrived on the 22nd.
There was still time to pack in one more sailing from Liverpool for Teutonic on 30 December 1897:
There was an unusually busy afternoon at the Landing-stage yesterday, when at one time the White Star liner Teutonic and the Dominion liner Canada were alongside, the former occupying the southernmost position. Punctually at three o'clock-the advertised time -moorings were cast adrift, the sonorous voice of the steam horn was sounded, and the Teutonic slowly moved away into the stream, her departure being witnessed by a large number of spectators. For this season of the year she had a good complement of passengers on board, amongst those travelling in the saloon being the Earl of Ava (eldest son of the Marquis of Dufferin), Lieutenant H. H. Bellers, R.N., Rev. Mr. Fitzgibbon, and Mr. Rupert Guinness. At Queenstown Mr. J.E. Redmond, M.P., will join the vessel. The Canada also took a fairly large number of saloon passengers, and the Numidian, of the Allan Line, on her arrival in the Mersey, landed her incoming voyageurs by tender. She also had a fairly good complement of passengers.
Liverpool Mercury, 30 December 1897.
In 1897, Teutonic made 12 westbound and 11 eastbound crossings.
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Teutonic in the Mersey arriving back from her cruise to the Spithead Jubilee Review. Credit: Mariners' Museum Elwin Eldredge collection. |
1898
When Teutonic made her first arrival in New York in the New Year, her most welcomed and anticipated passenger was the Irish nationalist John E. Redmond, M.P., but elaborate plans to receive him were postponed when Teutonic failed to arrive as expected on 5 January 1898. When she did finally "show," a day late, on the 6th, after a crossing of 6 days 18 hours 45 mins., it was for the expected reasons given the time of year: "Wild Days on the Atlantic," being the New York Times headline as it described her stormy trip over:
The fury of the wintry tumult on the North Atlantic has in nowise abated, according to the reports of incoming vessels. The White Star Line steamship Teutonic, which arrived yesterday, was a day late. Retarded throughout by head winds and towering waves, her decks were continually swept by the seas, and her sides, rigging, masts, and gear were coated with frozen spray. A sailor, who was hit by a boarding sea, was knocked against some gear and had his ankle broken.
New York Times, 7 January 1898.
The White Star steamship Teutonic, which arrived yesterday morning from Liverpool and Queenstown. nearly a day late, found lots of boisterous weather in her course. She got the worst of the racketing just after she left Queenstown harbor. A big sea swept over the starboard bow in the night, and taking up one of the seamen who was on duty forward, carried him far aft. When the water had vanished over bulwarks and through scuppers, he was found helpless on deck, his ankle was broken and he was badly bruised.
The Sun, 7 January 1898.
Following his father's loyalty to the ship, J. Piermont Morgan, Jr., was among those sailing in Teutonic for Liverpool on 12 January 1898, to join his father already in Europe. Heavy fog blanketed the Port of New York most of that day and Teutonic, along with the New York and Southwark, could not leave their North River piers until after 5:00 p.m. when it finally lifted. She called at Queenstown the early afternoon of the 19th and arrived at Liverpool the next day.
Departing Liverpool on 26 January 1898, Teutonic again found it hard going that stormy winter and arrived, late, on the morning of 3 February at New York still digging out of a blizzard. After a crossing from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook that took 6 days 13 hours 58 mins, Teutonic had actually arrived at 9:15 p.m. on the 2nd but after ice in the harbour had shifted the navigation lights in Gedney's Channel, she was obliged to anchor until morning. It was one of the ship's stormiest voyages:
Captain Cameron, in describing the passage, said the heavy cross seas, stirred by a succession of southerly gales, pounded savagely against the liner's sides during the first three days out from Queenstown. The steamship rode into the centre of a cyclone at eleven o'clock on Sunday morning. It was the worst storm in his experience, and the entry in the log shows that the wind reached No. 12 on the Beaufort scale, the highest point, and indicating velocity of 90 miles an hour.
The seas took on a terrific swell, in which the vessel rolled and pitched like a plaything. So great was the force of the hurricane that the climbing seas were scattered before it, the spray was lifted from the curlers and fell on the decks in showers, the water freezing wherever it was blown. The spuma was lifted to a great height and blown furiously before the cyclone, shutting out everything ahead, like a fog. The fog steam whistle was set blowing, but in the roar of the elements the noise was drowned. The liner rode through the hurricane until six o'clock on Sunday evening, when the edge of the cyclone was passed.
The wind was still strong, and on the following day brought furious squalls of snow. Tumultuous seas were thrown up, and the storm lasted nearly 20 hours longer, after which it subsided into a fresh south south-east gale. As the Teutonic steamed to her pier she was an object of much interest, having a coat of ice from her water line to the tops of her masts. The cold so intense that the spray froze on the clothing of the seamen..
Liverpool Mercury, 14 February 1898.
The eastbound Teutonic cleared New York at 4:30 p.m. on 9 February 1898, called at Queenstown first thing on the 16th and arrived at Liverpool at 6:00 p.m. that same day. Typical for the winter North Atlantic, the eastbound crossing was far kinder than her westward one and "the vessel had a good passage across the Atlantic, only having one rough day during the whole time." (Liverpool Mercury, 17 February 1898).
Leaving "punctually at the appointed hour, her departure being viewed by a large number of people who had assembled on the Prince's Stage," (Liverpool Mercury), Teutonic sailed for New York on 23 February 1898, and cleared Queenstown at 12:25 p.m. the following day. Enjoying a welcome voyage so bereft of weather or incidents as to be wholly ignored by the New York press, she arrived there the afternoon of 2 March.
With equal anonymity, Teutonic slipped out of New York Harbor on 9 March 1898, and after calling at Queenstown, at midnight the 16th, arrived at Liverpool later that day.
Teutonic was off again for New York on 23 March 1898, again with little notice, and called the next day at Queenstown, clearing there at 12:35 p.m. for America with 255 saloon and 560 steerage passengers. She came into New York the morning of the 30th, bringing a consignment of gold valued at $336,000.
The Teutonic Rovers football team played a 1-1 match against the Brooklyn Wanderers on 3 April 1898 at Varuna Park, Bay Ridge.
With war imminent between the United States and Spain over Cuba, many intending passengers cancelled passage on American Line and Teutonic had a big list for the season of 144 saloon passengers on departure from New York on 6 April 1898 as well a consignment of $254,000 in silver specie. Arriving at Queenstown at 10:30 p.m. on the 12th, she reported passing a iceberg en route on the 9th, it being very early in the season for ice.
Beginning a busy immigrant season, when Teutonic called at Queenstown on 21 April 1898, she embarked nearly 600 Irish immigrants for New York and departed at 12:10 p.m.. Boarding at Liverpool the previous day was Marshall Field once again. By the time Teutonic reached New York the evening of the 27th, first news of the declaration of war by the United States against Spain was received, and during the voyage bets were taken whether and when war would be declared.
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Credit: The New York Times, 28 April 1898. |
The White Star liner Teutonic got in last night. She left Queenstown on April 21 and saw no Spanish warships. War was recognized as inevitable when she sailed, but she picked up no news coming over. Just outside the Hook she met the Germanic going out and hoisted the flag signal 'War or peace?' The wind was blowing hard at the time must have mixed up the flags, for the answer signalled back was 'Thank you.'
When Pilot Noble clambered over the rail at Sandy Hook with a bundle of New York papers under his arm there was a scramble for them.When the pier at West Tenth street was neared the passengers crowded the forward deck and cheered lustily in answer to greetings from the shore.
The Sun, 28 April 1898.
Teutonic left New York on 4 May 1898, with 205 First, 185 Second and 505 Third Class passengers and having fine weather across, did the run from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock in 6 days 6 hours 2 mins, arriving at Queenstown the morning of the 12th. "No war vessels of any nationality were signalled during the voyage." (Cork Daily Herald, 13 May). She landed 198 of the total of 884 bags of mail and quite a few passengers there before proceeding to Liverpool where she arrived later that day. "Yesterday afternoon the White Star Liner Teutonic arrived in the Mersey from New York. She carried an exceptionally large number of passengers many of whom would have travelled had it not been for the present war by the American and Continental lines Three trains were requisitioned to convey the passengers from the Riverside Station to London Hull and Grimsby." (Liverpool Mercury, 12 May 1898).
Departing Liverpool on 18 May 1898 and Queenstown the next midday (where she embarked 350 passengers), Teutonic arrived at New York at 4:00 p.m. on the 25th.
From New York on 1 June 1898, Teutonic came into Queenstown at 6:52 a.m. on the 8th and arrived at Liverpool on the 9th.
With Sir William Van Horne, K.C.M.G., Chairman of Canadian Pacific, among her passengers, Teutonic cleared Liverpool on 15 June 1898, called at Queenstown on the 16th and arrived at New York on the 22nd.
Financier George Jay Gould and his family, and Mr. F.W. Vanderbilt and Mrs. Vanderbilt, were among those sailing in Teutonic on 29 June 1898. Pausing at Queenstown in the small hours of 6 July, she arrived at Liverpool later that day, leading the Liverpool Mercury of 8th to observe: " There is no doubt that the White Star boat Teutonic, which arrived at Liverpool on Wednesday, conveyed passengers representing bullion and millions of money. In this country we receive the American Cousins as guests, but our newspapers do not devote yards of space to a narration of their travels."
Undergoing her twice annual drydocking, Teutonic was sent across to Birkenhead on 10 July 1898 for overhaul and undocked on the 15th and entered Canada Dock to load for New York.
At the height of the season, Teutonic departed Liverpool on 20 July 1898: "The White Star mail steamer Teutonic left the Mersey yesterday afternoon for New York, carrying a large complement of passengers, no fewer than 225 travelling saloon, a large number of whom came from London during the afternoon direct from Euston to the Riverside Station. Among the saloon passengers were the Right Hon. Lord Herschell, G.C.B., and the Hon. Mr. Herschell, Sir Windham Anstruther, Bart., Major-General Leach, C.B., V.C., Colonel Dalton, R.A., Colonel Graham, Mr. Alfred Holt, and Baron Profumo." (Liverpool Mercury, 21 July 1898). She cleared Queenstown at 12:55 p.m. the following day for New York where she arrived on the afternoon of the 27th. Not mentioned by the Mercury, one of her passengers landing there was actor William Gillett, appearing in the passenger list as "W. Gibson" and actor William Mansfield.
The actress Lillian Russell and American businessman George Crocker were among those sailing in Teutonic from New York on 3 August 1898. Calling at Queenstown on the 9th, she arrived at Liverpool late that same day.
With some 260 saloon class passengers, but without the Lord Mayor of London who had to cancel at the last minute owing to a family illness, Teutonic let go from Prince's Landing Stage at 5:00 p.m. on 17 August 1898. "It is interesting to note, too, that the shipment of freight to Havana via Liverpool,which were suspended during the Spanish-American War, were resumed per the Teutonic yesterday. It is expected that 15 days from Liverpool will see the arrival of the goods at Havana." (Liverpool Mercury, 18 August). A ship in a hurry, Teutonic breezed into Queenstown at 6:54 a.m. on the 19th and was off to New York by 10:20 a.m. with full list of 1,043 passengers. Making knots, she was sighted off Fire Island at 8:25 a.m. on the 24th and got into New York later that day, logging 6 days 3 hours 20 mins from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook, a very smart passage indeed. On the 22nd, Teutonic passed a overturned white painted metallic lifeboat, believed belonging to the lost Transat liner La Bourgogne sunk with appalling lost of life the previous month off the Grand Banks after a collision. Among Teutonic's passengers was Benjamin Hunter Howell, aged 23, the crack American oarsman, winner of the Diamond sculls at the last Henley regatta, and theatre producer Daniel Frohman.
Crack seamen belonging to a crack Atlantic greyhound, Teutonic's crew were the most athletic of any ship. During their New York turnaround, Teutonic's second cricket team played the Caribbeans at Central Park, the West Indians winning by 34 runs and the first Teutonic team played Yorkville, losing 122 to 32. On 28 August 1898 two Teutonic stewards held a swimming race off the White Star Pier in the North River, Arthur Atkins winning the half a mile race against R. Fleming.
Teutonic cleared the North River on 31 August 1898 for the Mersey, called at Queenstown in the small hours of 6 September and docked at Liverpool later that day.
The retiring U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain, the Hon. Mr. John Hay and family, were among those embarking in Teutonic at Liverpool on 14 September 1898.
A considerable crowd congregated at the Liverpool landing stage to see the departure of the retiring Ambassador, and there gathered on board the Teutonic to see him off Mr. Boyle, the United States Consul in Liverpool, several members of the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board, Sir A. B. Forwood, M.P., Mr. T. H. Ismay, and representatives of the United States colony in Liverpool. Other passengers by the Teutonic included Mr. J.B. Angell, United States Minister to Turkey, and Mr. F. J. 8. Hopwood, Assistant Secretary to the Board of Trade.
The Times, 15 September 1898.
The usual waving of handkerchiefs took place between Colonel Hay and family and their friends ashore as the Teutonic sailed and it was interesting in view of the talked-of Anglo-American alliance to see a miniature Union Jack and American flag waved from the steerage portion of the vessel.
Liverpool Mercury, 15 September 1898.
Whereas the inbound Britannic could not call there that morning at 3:30 a.m. on 17 September 1898 owing to dense fog, Teutonic made it into Queenstown without difficulty at 8:45 a.m. and passed out, New York-bound, at 1:15 p.m.. A nerve-wracking crossing ensued. In dense fog on the 18th, she very nearly collided with a "big steamship, whose identity was unknown, and only by stopping her machinery just in the nick of time." Then, on approach to New York, in the Swash Channel, under a New York pilot, she brushed the side of the outbound American transport Berlin, bound for Ponce, Puerto Rico with the supplies for the American forces there. "The speed of the Teutonic was checked just in time, and her bow only grazed the side of the Berlin. The collision caused no excitement on either ship, and each proceeded on her way." (New York Tribune, 22 September 1898).

With just a slight mark on her starboard bow as indication that she had been in collision two hours earlier the White Star liner Teutonic came to her dock at 9 o'clock last night. The other party to the collision, which is probably the lightest on record, was the United States transport Berlin, bound for Porto Rico. So light was the shock that most of those on board the big liner didn't know there had been any collision until they were so informed by stewards, who rather superfluously besought them to keep cool, as there was no danger. It is supposed that the transport suffered no harm, though no information could be elicited by those on the liner. Capt. J. G. Cameron of the Teutonic says that his ship didn't hit the other hard enough to scrape the paint off.
This is the account of the collision as given by those on the liner, the Berlin's story being. of course, unattainable. A few minutes before 7 o'clock last evening the liner was passing the entrance to the Swash Channel, having come through the main channel and passed the striped buoy, when the lights of a steamship entering the Swash Channel were seen. The Teutonic turned out to port, whistling twice, but the other steamer made no reply to the signal. Then Capt. Cameron ordered the engines reversed. The bluff of the liner's bow struck the other ship in the waist abaft the main rigging with so light a touch that those on deck felt nothing more than a slight jar.
The Teutonic kept on backing and the Berlin also backed until the two vessels separated. Before the collision the fog horn signal was by the Teutonic for the closing of the collision bulkheads and portholes, and this work was accomplished in about one minute. The following one-sided conversation then took place: The Teutonic--What ship is that ? Berlin-No reply. The Teutonic are you bound? The Berlin-No reply. The Teutonic--Why didn't you answer our signal? The Berlin--No reply.
The Teutonic--Are you injured? The Berlin-No reply. We've collided with a floating lunatic asylum manned by deaf mutes." was Capt. Cameron's angry comment. What's the matter there? Can't you speak? The Berlin--No reply. Presently the Berlin could be seen lowering a man to examine her for injuries.
After several minutes somebody on board piped out that the ship was the Berlin, after which she proceeded, still preserving her masterly silence. She passed out at the Hook at 8 o'clock. running at good speed, and is undoubtedly uninjured.
The Sun, 22 September 1898.
Teutonic, without further ado, docked at her pier shortly after 8:30 p.m. on 21 September 1898.
Eastbound, Teutonic passed out of New York Harbor on 28 September 1898, with 115 First, 130 Second and 330 Third Class passengers. Coming into Queenstown at midnight on 5 October, she had clocked 6 days 5 hours 15 mins. From Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock, "which is an excellent performance," noted the Cork Daily Herald, adding "fine weather was experienced during the passage." Teutonic came over with a tremendous mail consignment-- 1,343 bags-- of which 1,273 were landed there along with 117 passengers, before she carried on to Liverpool.
New York-bound, Teutonic cleared the Mersey on 12 October 1898, paused at Queenstown the following day from 6:35 a.m. to 12:50 p.m. and resumed passage westwards. Passing Sandy Hook at 10:54 a.m. on the 19th, she docked later that afternoon.
Mr. and Mrs. J.P. Morgan, Jr., were among those sailing for England in Teutonic on 26 October 1898. On arrival at Queenstown on 1 November at 1:25 a.m., it was so rough that Teutonic carried on without calling there, arriving later that morning at Liverpool.
Teutonic departed Liverpool on 16 November 1898 and from Queenstown the next day at 12:10 p.m. She arrived at New York the morning of the 23rd.
With a smattering of society-- Bowkers, Dodges and Van Rensselaers-- Teutonic left New York on 30 November 1898 and got into Queenstown just before midnight on7 December, continuing on to Liverpool at 12:35 a.m. where she docked that same afternoon.
Very much a Christmas mailboat, when Teutonic cleared Queenstown at 1:10 p.m. on 15 December 1898, she went out with over 1,900 bags. Arriving at a New York Harbor engulfed with fog on the 21st, Teutonic was the only of many arriving ships to make it to Quarantine at 2:30 p.m. but Capt. Cameron decided to anchor off the night out of caution and thus began one of Teutonic's more difficult and protracted "voyages": from Quarantine to the White Star pier at the foot of Christopher St., North River.
The marine observer at the Quarantine Station reported a steamer coming in at nearly 2:30 o'clock in the afternoon, but the fog was so dense that it could not be identified. She proved to be the Teutonic, which dropped her anchor there. A little later the transport Mississippi from San Juan came up through the Narrows, and bore right down upon the Teutonic. When within about 200 feet of the Teutonic the latter immediately paid out her chain and backed water, at the same time blowing her whistle and ringing her bell furiously. The Mississippi also saw the danger, reversed her engines, and steered to the side. She was within 50 feet of the liner when the danger was over. The Teutonic remained at Quarantine, it was said, for the night.
New York Times, 22 December 1898.
Although it was possible to get Teutonic's mail and many saloon passengers off by tug on the 21st, she was not going anywhere as the fog showed no sign of abating:
Of the ocean steamships, the most important of the inward-bound fleet was the Teutonic, which arrived Wednesday. She is still at anchor in the bay, but her mails had the been brought up Wednesday, and yesterday White Star Line agent sent a steamboat her down to her, which brought up most of her passengers and baggage, landing them at the company's pier after nightfall. Teutonic, as reported yesterday, reached Quarantine Wednesday, and made one attempt to leave for her pier, but was forced to anchor again. She made another attempt yesterday afternoon with like result. At 2:30 p.m. she made a third attempt, and reached Robbin's a point in the upper bay, between Robin's Reef and Liberty Island. Then the fog gathered around her so thick that further effort to get her up had to be abandoned.
The New York Times, 23 December 1898.
Of Teutonic's 197 saloon and 149 steerage passengers, about 150 cabin passengers were able to land by tug. With hotels in the city completely booked up by fog marooned travellers, many wished they had remained aboard. The Sun of 23 December 1898 reported: "For the first time in the history of twin screws, one them, the White Star liner Teutonic, was held up two nights in the upper bay because of fog. There have been fogs that have detained ships outside the bar more than twenty-four hours, but there never was before that kept a big twin-screw liner almost within sight of her pier two nights. The Teutonic arrived at Quarantine on Wednesday afternoon. Her Christmas mails were taken off, landed and distributed." Teutonic finally made it up to her pier the morning of the 23rd.
Teutonic's last departure of the year, from New York on 29 December 1898, had, once again, J.P. Morgan among her passengers as well as Mr. and Mrs. George Vanderbilt. On New Years Day, Teutonic reported passing a disabled Danish steamer, flying recognition flags "Arkansas" but was not asked to render assistance and proceeded, arriving at Queenstown on the evening of the 4th.
In 1898, Teutonic made 13 eastbound and 12 westbound crossings.
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Teutonic at Queenstown. Credit: National Library of Ireland.
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1899
Beginning her first westbound crossing of the New Year, Teutonic left Liverpool on 11 January 1899 and on departure from Queenstown at 1:40 p.m. on the 12th had 184 saloon and 125 steerage passengers aboard. She put in a fine run, despite stormy weather across, of 6 days 8 hours from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook, arriving at New York the evening of the 18th. Her getting to her pier again proved the hardest part of the trip:
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Credit: New York Tribune, 19 January 1899. |
The White Star liner Teutonic... met with an unexpected delay when she got up to her pier at 8 o'clock last night. A strong ebb tide was running. and the slip into which the vessel was to be warped was choked with thick ice. Half a dozen tugs could not hoist the big liner's stern out toward the stream, the Ice barrier preventing the Teutonic's bow from swinging into the slip. For over two hours the steamer and tugs struggled against the strong current and the ice. It was not until the force of the tide had slackened that the vessel was finally docked, about 10 o'clock. By that time the friends of the passengers assembled on the pier were chilled by the long wait, and were giad when the new arrivals landed to hasten quickly home.
New York Tribune, 19 January 1899.
Teutonic sailed from New York on 25 January 1899 and called at Queenstown on 1 February, departing there at 9:00 a.m. for Liverpool where she docked that afternoon.
Departing Liverpool on 8 February 1899, J.P. Morgan and the Scottish author Ian MacLaren (the Rev. Dr. John Watson) among those aboard, Teutonic was setting off on a protracted and difficult winter voyage. Hitting the full force of a gale in the Irish channel, she arrived at Queenstown at 9:08 a.m., not getting away until 2:25 p.m., as the mail train was 1 hour 22 mins. late in arriving. Due to arrive at New York on the 15th, she did not do so until the 17th after a frightful passage which many officers asserted was her worst in her existence with a succession of gales all the way across.
Through wild gales and seas still wilder the liner Teutonic fought her for nine days and reached her pier here yesterday afternoon after the worst voyage, so her officers say, in her existence. Not since the great winter storm of 1895 has she been battered by such waves, and that tempest lasted for but three days, while this present trip was one long fight against gales following hurricane and hurricane succeeding to gale. Almost from the hour she left her pier at Queenstown, at noon on Feb. 8. to the time she landed she was fiercely beset by storm.
Last Saturday and Sunday the decks were continually swept by a succession of huge waves driven before northwest hurricane, and passengers were absolutely forbidden to come on deck. Sunday was the worst day all. Mountains of water loomed worst, sides and burst in tremendous cascades upon the decks. The rollers were long and even, and moved with terrible swiftness and force, so that as the Teutonic, swooping from the lift of one. drove down into the hollow, the next burst over her in an avalanche of furious water.
Nobody was injured on board, except for some unimportant bruises sustained by persons who underestimated the difficulties of navigation below and inadvertently bucked walls or furniture, and an occasional bump sustained through the tendency of all articles not securely fastened to rampage simultaneously about the rooms. Most of the passengers, however, kept to their staterooms-which was about all they did succeed in keeping. At the pier the reporter overheard piously inclined lady, who had just landed, looking rather pale, ejaculate: 'Thank heaven. I'm on land again. I've expected for the last week to be called into the presence of my Maker, absolutely hollow. Where's the nearest restaurtant?'
Capt. Cameron was exhausted when the ship reached port. He had been on the bridge almost unceasingly through the voyage. The passengers gave him a testimonial for the manner in which he had managed his ship and for his courage and endurance in the performance of his duty. Among the names signed to it were those of J. C. Butterfleld. George Allen, John Annan, Mr. S. and H. A.Craigie, Lieut Col. Jewett. A., Gen. Jones, Bengal Army; the Rev. John Watson (Ian Maclaren) and Mr A.H. Maitland Kersey and the Hon. E. A. Hitchcock,ex- United States Ambassador to Russia.
Mr. Hitchcock went direct to Washington. He looked a trifle worn. and said he had experienced more weather than he had hitherto supposed was extant..
The Sun, 18 February 1899.
Dr. Watson said yesterday that the big White Star liner had a terrible passage. 'On Monday there hurricane, in the nautical acceptation term, and not as the landsman generally understands it,' said he, 'and there a gale on every other day save one, when it was recorded that there were fresh southerly winds.' Now a fresh southerly wind is bad enough for those who are not sailors, and I suffered very much with my head, this being one of the worst effects of seasickness upon me.
The notice posted on the 13th was 'Whole gale, with hurricane squalls.' The Atlantic in its fury was a spectacle of awful grandeur and magnificence, and we from our deck cabin gazed upon it with feelings of mingled fear and admiration. Sometimes the seas bore down upon us from three different quarters in succession, in mighty mountains that gathered in bulk and strength as they advanced. It seemed that each wave must overwhelm us and carry us down to destruction, but under the splendid seamanship of Capt. Cameron the vessel rose upon it like a duck and issued through cloud of snowy foam to confront and surmount another. It was a stand-up fight between the sea and our Captain, and the Captain won. I cannot conceive of a responsibility more weighty than that of the Captain of a great transatlantic liner in such circumstances, where an error of judgment might be fatal. We all signed a letter complimenting Capt. Cameron upon his splendid handling of the ship and thanking him for his care of us.
New York Times, 18 February 1899.
Teutonic left New York on time, on 22 February 1899, despite her late arrival, with Irish novelist Bram Stoker among those aboard. Calling at Queenstown in the early hours of the 28th, Teutonic arrived at Liverpool later that day.
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Credit: The World, 17 March 1899. |
Sailing from Liverpool on 8 March 1899, and calling at Queenstown the next day, Teutonic had among her passengers, Lily, the Dowager Duchess of Marlborough. Teutonic arrived late on the 15th, crossing the Bar at 10:15 p.m., too late to land her passengers: "The Teutonic with several well-known New Yorkers on board and which was due yesterday morning did not arrive in time to land her passengers last evening. The day was a dreary one for home-coming. Lilian, Dowager Duchess of Marlborough, now Lady William Beresford as well, and who comes over to visit her mother in Troy, is the most interesting passenger on the Teutonic." (The New York Times, 16 March 1899). Of more local interest in was the timely arrival of "fifty-five great mailbags full of letters, packages and boxes from Dublin Irishmen to their friends in this country. In nearly every piece of mail there were shamrocks fresh from the Irish fields," (The World, 17 March), St. Patrick's Day being on the 17th. Part of Teutonic's cargo was 35,000 packages of shamrocks.
When Teutonic left New York for her homeward crossing on 22 March 1899, the Duchess of Marlborough, was among the 144 First, 49 Second and 125 Third passengers sailing in her. They endured a long and rough crossing and arriving at Queenstown at 11:25 a.m. on the 29th, she had clocked 6 days 13 hours 24 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock during which "some rough weather was experienced," (Cork Daily Herald, 30 March) and on the 25th "she passed a very large iceberg," and a derelict schooner on the the 28th in a "battered state." She landed 71 passengers and 420 bags of mail there and Lord Beresford embarked to join his wife for the short voyage to Liverpool where she arrived the next day.
"A numerous company of clergymen assembled on the Prince's Landing Stage to wish his grace bon voyage," reported the Liverpool Mercury of 6 April 1899, the day after the Most Rev. Dr. Carr, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne, sailed from Liverpool for New York the previous day. Clearing Queenstown at 12:30 p.m. on the 6th, Teutonic went out with 800 Irish immigrants, leaving behind 60 behind as there were no remaining berths. Teutonic arrived at New York the morning of the 13th.
Teutonic's passenger list for her 19 April 1899 sailing was classic Gilded Age and included opera star Mme. Melba, author Price Collier, F.A. Constable of the American Museum of Natural History and Thomas Dewar, whisky distiller. Teutonic arrived at Queenstown at 10:18 a.m. on the 26th and left the following day at 11:00 a.m. for Liverpool.
Clearing Liverpool on 3 May 1899, Teutonic arrived at Queenstown at 6:26 a.m. and left for New York on 12:20 p.m. where she arrived on 2:00 p.m. on the 10th. Three passengers, travelling as Dr. J. Owen, W.R. Torrance and C.R. Brackett, were arrested by the police on arrival, telling The Sun, "The men are card sharps and have been swindling passengers on transatlantic steamships." Others arriving with less notoriority included J.J. Hill, president of the Great Northern Railroad.
Author Ian MacLaren, returning home, was among the 290 First, 180 Second and 465 Third Class passengers sailing in Teutonic from New York on 17 May 1899, "The St. Paul and Teutonic carried away more well-known people yesterday morning than have any of the Atlantic liners thus far this season at any one sailing, and the American and White Star wharves presented gay and bustling scenes for an hour or so before the departure of the great ships." (New York Times, 18 May 1899). "After an excellent passage of 6 days 12 hours 40 mins. from Sandy Hook to Daunt's Rock, over the long route," (Cork Daily Herald, 25 May), Teutonic made Queenstown at 7:00 a.m. on the 24th, where she landed 182 passengers and 132 bags of mail before continuing to Liverpool at 8:05 a.m. and arriving there that evening. "The vessel was expected to arrive at stage a about eight o'clock last night, but the weather was very thick and foggy outside, and it was nine p.m. before the big liner came up the river and moored at her berth. Another half-hour was passed in discharging passengers' baggage, and it was approaching ten o'clock when the passengers disembarked. From Riverside Station two trains were despatched to London and one to Grimsby." (Liverpool Mercury, 25 May 1899).
From Liverpool on 31 May 1899 and Queenstown the following day, Teutonic reached New York on the evening of 7 June, landing, among others, Mrs. & Mrs. John G. Bereford, Mr. W. Forbes Morgan, "who has been passing the winter in the Winter at Pau," and Mr. & Mrs. J. Howard Wright, "who have been during the winter in Egypt."

Rudyard Kipling, his wife and two children were among those embarking aboard Teutonic at New York 14 June 1899. Also aboard were Mr. and Mrs. F.M. Doubleday, friends of the Kiplings, theatre owner David Belasco and twelve of the best scullers of the Argonaut Rowing Club of Toronto, bound for the Henley regatta. Recovering from an illness, Kipling, "accompanied by nurses and servants, reached the pier a short time before the vessel sailed, and went directly to their staterooms, where Mr. Kipling retired to his berth." (New York Times, 15 June). Experiencing strong gales and high head seas across, Teutonic called at Queenstown on the 21st, Teutonic got into Liverpool at 10:30 p.m. that evening, anchoring in the river off the landing stage, "having been slightly detained off the port by reason of fog."(Liverpool Mercury). Although the tender Magnetic took off her mails and a few passengers, local to the city, most including the Kipling party spent the night aboard and landed the following morning when she came alongside the stage. Mr. Doubleday told reporters that "Mr. Kipling had reaped the benefit of the sea voyage, and had enjoyed himself very much."
With the new Oceanic about to be commissioned, there was a shuffle of command of the White Star express steamers. Britannic was to be commanded by Capt. Hayes, formerly Chief Officer of Teutonic, with Capt. Haddock going to Germanic and Capt. McKinstry promoted to command Teutonic and finally, Commodore Cameron assuming command of the new Oceanic.
Taking Teutonic out for the last time as her captain, Commodore Cameron sailed from Liverpool on 28 June 1899, amid a terrific thunderstorm: "The scene on the Landing-stage will long be remembered by the large crowd of persons hurrying to the various cross-river boats. About five o'clock, as the Teutonic was leaving the stage, hundreds of passengers were waving adieux, when the heavy rain and flashes of Iightening led them to rush suddenly to the covered sheds. The spectacle in all its awful brilliance was witnessed by an immense number, who huddled together in these places of refuge, and about an hour and a half elapsed before the storm diminished sufficiently to permit their departure, which was made with thankfulness all danger had passed away." (Liverpool Mercury, 29 June).

Calling at Queenstown early the next morning, Teutonic was scheduled to arrive at New York on the morning of 5 July 1899. Passing Fire Island at 2:45 p.m. that day, she had to anchor off Sandy Hook by 5:00 p.m. owing to heavy fog. After several attempts to get to Quarantine, she finally got there at 8:45 p.m. only to be further delayed by no health officials being on duty. It was not until a few minutes before midnight that she tied up to her pier and her passengers could not undergoing customs inspection until the next morning to the considerable annoyance of all, including Mr. and Mrs. George Vanderbilt.
That summer season remained busy late into July and Teutonic went out well-booked with 350 saloon passengers from New York on the 12th as did New York. She arrived Queenstown 19th at 10:50 a.m., slightly delayed owing to bad weather. The last night saloon passengers presented Capt. Cameron with a silver cup and appreciation on his final voyage commanding Teutonic. She got into Liverpool on the next day.
On her first voyage commanded by Capt. E.R. McKinstry, R.N.R., (who had been aboard as her First Officer since she entered service) Teutonic cleared Liverpool on 26 July 1899 and arrived at New York on 2 August.
The Teutonic's cricket team was again matched against the Caribbeans at Central Park on 5 August 1899 and again lost to the West Indians.
Teutonic left New York on 9 August 1899 for Liverpool, called at Queenstown on the 16th and left there for Liverpool at 7:00 a.m.. where she came in at 7:00 p.m. just two hours after Britannic cleared for New York.
From Liverpool on 23 August 1899 and Queenstown the 24th, Teutonic arrived at New York on the morning of the 30th. Departing New York on 6 September 1899, Teutonic called at Queenstown in the small hours of the 13th and arrived Liverpool later the same day.
Her departure on 20 September 1899, impeded by rough weather, Teutonic's baggage was delayed coming aboard via tender off the landing stage but she went out with a "very large list of saloon passengers." She consequently did not get into Queenstown until 12:10 p.m. the next day and sailing for New York at 1:10 p.m.. She had a slow crossing over, "chiefly because she has a green fireroom force," explained The Sun (28 September). On arrival off Quarantine at 8:30 p.m. on the 27th, Teutonic's passengers were treated to quite a sight when the electric light display just installed to welcome Admiral Dewey to the port was illuminated for the first time with a 200-ft.-long sign "Welcome Home" spelled out with hundreds of coloured lightbulbs. Teutonic came up to her North River pier at 7:30 a.m. The next morning. Mr. & Mrs. Perry Belmont were met at the pier by their steam yacht, Satanite, which took them direct to their country home at Roslyn, Long Island.
Outbound from New York on 4 October 1899, Teutonic encountered such dense fog when she came off Rochespoint at 6:00 a.m. on the 11th that she did not attempt to call at Queenstown and proceeded direct to Liverpool where came in that afternoon.
Departing Liverpool on 18 October 1899, Teutonic left Queenstown the next day at 12:40 p.m. for New York. Among her passenger was the pianist Mark Hambourg, bound for his American debut with the Boston Symphony Orchestra on 3 November. Teutonic arrived at New York on the 25th.
The White Star pier 48 was the perfect if unusual venue for an indoor track and field event on 30 October 1899 by the revived Teutonic A.C. for her steward athletes and a 120-yard course marked out. There were so many entries that several heats had to be run with a 120-yard dash, 220-yard dash, 880-yard run and one-mile walk.
Mersey-bound, Teutonic passed down the North River midday on 1 November 1899, going out with St. Louis. For the second time in a row, Teutonic did not attempt to call at Queenstown owing to bad weather on arrival off Rochespoint the morning of 8th in high westerly winds and she continued on to Liverpool.
Amid war fever and the outbreak of The Boer War in South Africa, Teutonic left Liverpool as scheduled on 15 November 1899 for New York. The day, her sister Majestic was chartered by the British Government, not in the capacity as armed merchant cruiser but as one of the many transports taking British troops to the Cape, and would be requisitioned upon her arrival from New York at Liverpool on the 29th. Britannic had already been called up and arrived at Cape Town on the 14th. Teutonic arrived at New York late on the afternoon of the 22nd.
On 24 November 1899 came the sad news of the death of Thomas Henry Ismay who whilst ill, had lived to see the completion of Oceanic
Sailing from New York on 29 November 1899, Teutonic was able to get into Queenstown this time on 6 December at 8:14 a.m. and off for Liverpool at 9:50 a.m.
Marshall Field was once again embarking on "his" Teutonic at Liverpool on 13 December 1899 as were Mr. & Mrs. W.C. Pullman of Chicago. Calling at Queenstown the next day at 8:55 a.m. The next day, she was detained there until 2:10 p.m. when the mail train was one hour fifteen late in arriving. Teutonic arrived at New York on the 20th and just in time for Christmas, she came in with a record 2,100 bags of mail of which 277 were to be sent on the Australia. The call-up of the White Star's Majestic, Cymric and Britannic as well as Cunard's Umbria for transport duties to South Africa had already impacted the delivery of trans-Atlantic mails with mail being diverted to slower ships via Boston or Philadelphia.
Enjoying Christmas in port, Teutonic and her crew were off again for home on 27 December 1899 and she took out a $500,000 consignment in gold coin.
In 1899, Teutonic made 13 westbound and 13 eastbound crossings.
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White Star Line 1900 sailing list. Credit: Mary Evans Picture Library. |
1900
Calling at Queenstown midday 3 January 1900, Teutonic arrived at Liverpool early the following day, "having encountered very rough weather and heavy seas in the Atlantic," (Liverpool Mercury, 5 January). Her cargo included 2,240 quarters of fresh beef.
Commanded by Capt. E.R. McKinstry, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool for New York on 17 January 1900. Calling at Queenstown on the 18th, she sailed mid morning and arrived at New York on the 25th, landing 111 First, 130 Second and 203 Third Class passengers.
It was announced on 20 January 1900 that Teutonic's sailing from New York of the 31st would be changed to 3 February "to accommodate the postal authorities, as there would be have been no mail steamer on that date, owing to a cancellation of a Cunard sailing from New York that day by Etruria which damaged her tail shaft, with Teutonic taking her originally scheduled departure from New York.
After enjoying a ten-day turnaround in New York, Teutonic sailed at noon on 3 February 1900 with 123 First, 67 Second and 108 Third Class passengers, among them being Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, "continue the trip around the world which was cut short by the death of his father. There were quite a number of friends on the pier to see him off," (New York Times, 4 February 1900). She arrived at Liverpool on the 11th in the middle of a snowstorm.
Making a "smart turnaround" of just three days to get back on schedule, Teutonic cleared Liverpool the afternoon of 14 February 1900 and after calling at Queenstown the next morning, had 152 First, 110 Second and 523 Third Class passengers for New York where she arrived on the afternoon of the 22nd., among those landing being Charles Frohman's London Comedians including Seymour Hicks and Fanny Brough for a run of "My Daughter in Law" at the Lyceum, and miniature painter Amalia Kussner returning from South Africa after painting a portrait of Cecil Rhodes.
Departing New York at 1:30 p.m. on 28 February 1900, Teutonic went out with 208 First, 105 Second and 242 Third Class passengers. Calling at Queenstown the evening of the 8 March, she arrived at Liverpool the following day.
Outbound from Liverpool on 14 March 1900, Teutonic, after calling at Queenstown the next morning, had 110 First, 152 Second and 609 Third Class and got into New York at 3:30 p.m. on the 21st.
With 214 First, 187 Second and 200 Third Class passengers, Teutonic left New York at 1:30 p.m. on 28 March 1900 and among those sailing in her was J. Piermont Morgan and daughter Louise; Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Widener of Philadelphia and American engineer and inventor Peter Cooper Hewitt. Calling at Queenstown the early morning of 4 April, Teutonic got into Liverpool late that evening.
There were no fewer than 1,027 Third Class passengers as well as 191 First and 144 Second Class for Teutonic's 11 April 1900 sailing from Liverpool and Queenstown the next day for New York where she arrived late on the 18th, anchored off Quarantine that night and came alongside early the next morning. That week alone, the number of arriving immigrants in New York was some 15,000 coming on 16 different steamers. The crowd of arrivals created a near riot as the newcomers arrived at the barge office from Ellis Island on the 19th:
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Credit: The New York Times, 20 April 1900. |
After the arrival yesterday of the steamship Teutonic, with more than 1,000 immigrants aboard, there was a continuous scene of tumult about the Barge Office until late in the afternoon. hours before midday a crowd of relatives and friends of the newcomers began to assemble, and numbered 800 or 900 persons by 3 o'clock. There were people of many nationalities: French, Irish, Italians, Germans, and swarthy Orientals. Three police officers were kept busy restraining the crowd. for whenever a new face appeared in the Barge Office door two or three men and women would rush forward and attempt to embrace its owner.
The policemen's way of keeping order was not marked by sympathy and gentleness. They marched up and down the sidewalk, along some parts of which ropes were drawn above the curb, and the throng of people who were on the lookout for their friends were prohibited from passing beyond the edge of the gutter. Every time any one attempted to pass that limit the officers pushed him back. If two or three rushed forward at once they were lashed violently with small canes.
New York Times, 20 April 1900.
Among those arriving in Teutonic was Philip A.S. Franklin, New York manager of Atlantic Transport Line, returning from merger talks with Leyland Line, and telling reporters that the union of the two had been agreed upon.
Departing New York on 25 April 1900, Teutonic went out with 255 First, 179 Second and 282 Third Class, "The American Line and White Star wharves were crowded in the morning with persons bidding good-bye to friends who sailed in the St. Louis and the Teutonic," (New York Times, 26 April). Teutonic was one of the three liners calling at Queenstown on 2 May, the others being New England from Boston and Waesland from Philadelphia, and arrived at Liverpool early the following morning.
Casting off from Liverpool at 4:30 p.m. on 9 May 1900, Teutonic managed to have, on departure from Queenstown at 9:40 a.m. the next day, the identical number (1,037) of Third Class passengers as her last westbound trip, as well as 156 First and 137 Second Class. She crossed the Bar at New York at 11:59 a.m. on the 16th and alongside early that afternoon.
"The scenes at the sailing yesterday of the St. Louis and the Teutonic were lively and attractive, as a larger number of well known people departed on these boats than have sailed on any one day for some time past," (New York Times, 24 May 1900). Going out on 23 May 1900 with 273 First, 181 Second and 572 Third Class, Teutonic numbered among them the popular American pastor, the Rev. C.M. Sheldon, author of In His Steps. The liner arrived at Liverpool on the last day of the month.
Among those embarking in Teutonic at Liverpool on 6 June 1900 was J.P. Morgan and daughter, returning from a two-month tour of Europe, and Charles M. Hays, President of the Grand Trunk Railroad, and on departure from Queenstown at 9:15 a.m. the next day, she went out with 191 First, 124 Second and 490 Third Class.

Teutonic had a miserably slow passage and when she finally crossed the New York Bar at 11:25 p.m. on 13 June 1900 and came alongside the next morning, 14 hours late, rumours abounded she had some machinery breakdown en route, which was firmly denied by White Star's New York general agent John Lee, who told reporters it was owing to a poor quality of coal bunkered in Liverpool and only discovered once at sea. Not helping and certainly adding to the confusion, the New York Tribune reported on the 15th: "The delay was caused by a derangement in her machinery, according to officers of the line, which made it necessary for her to slow down while the machinery was being repaired. Captain McKinstry said the delay was caused by a derangement of the port engine, which took place last Monday." Regardless of the reason, it was thoroughly humiliating when off Fire Island at 8:50 p.m. on the 13th, she was passed by the NDL's Maria Theresia and The Sun reminded its readers that the Teutonic "is supposed to be a swifter craft than the remodelled German." Adding insult to injury, Morgan's yacht Corsair was kept waiting off Quarantine for all those hours and followed the tardy Teutonic up to her pier to collect he and his daughter.
With 300 First, 176 Second and 712 Third passengers, which the New York Tribune called "a rather slim passenger list," although The New York Times noted that "there were not many New Yorkers booked on her, but a large number of Philadelphia people," and despite Sig. Guglielmo Marconi being aboard, Teutonic departed New York on 20 June 1900. After calling at Queenstown, 9:40-10:55 a.m. on the 27th following what the Cork Examiner called at "fine weather passage," and where 269 passengers ended their voyage, Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 28th.

Due to sail to America, fittingly enough, on the Fourth of July, Teutonic headed instead to drydock when "flaw in the stern frame" was discovered the day before and the sailing cancelled. Her mails were transferred to the NDL liner Kaiserin Maria Theresa sailing from Southampton. The Liverpool Journal of Commerce reported that day that "it has been decided to keep the vessel back a voyage. The work of remedying the defect will be done by the engineering staff of the company at Liverpool," and Teutonic shifted to Birkenhead Graving Dock on the 10th where she remained until the 28th.
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Log abstract card for Teutonic's 1-8 August 1900 Liverpool-New York crossing. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
Fully repaired, Teutonic was able to sail on her next already scheduled westbound crossing from Liverpool on 1 August 1900. With 254 First, 194 Second and 392 Third Class aboard following her call at Queenstown (7:22-9:55 a.m. on the 2nd), she arrived at New York on the 8th at 2:16 p.m.
Homewards, Teutonic cleared New York at 1:30 p.m. on 15 August 1900, with 143 First, 155 Second and 229 Third Class passengers. She and St. Paul went out with half each of $7.6 mn. in gold bars as payment on British war bonds. Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 23rd.
Passing out of the Mersey for New York on 29 August 1900 and calling at Queenstown the next day, Teutonic had 289 First, 175 Second and 840 Third Class aboard and reached New York at 7:30 a.m. on the morning of 5 September.
Owning to a fall-off in eastbound traffic, American Line and White Star announced on 7 September 1900 a $10 cut in the min. First Class rate, which was now $50 in Teutonic and Majestic and $60 in Oceanic.
It was still a sparse list for Teutonic's 12 September 1900 departure from New York for Queenstown and Liverpool: 118 First, 115 Second and 189 Third Class and The New York Times noted that "the outgoing liners are taking fewer well-known people," as well. She at least had a good fast passage, reaching Queenstown at 4:13 a.m. on the 19th and resuming passage at 5:00 a.m. and arriving Liverpool that evening.
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Credit: New York Tribune, 4 October 1900. |
Westbound there seemed no want of immigrants, especially from Ireland and the week of 21-28 September 1900 saw 1,300 depart Queenstown, 90 per cent of them under 30 years of age. When Teutonic (from Liverpool on 27 September) called there the next day, she embarked 466 and over 100 could not secure accommodation. Clearing for New York with 281 First, 174 Second and 987 Third Class, Teutonic had a bad crossing from the onset with two days right out the Mersey with rough seas and then two days of heavy fog two days before reaching New York. She did not dock until 6:30 p.m. on 3 October, well off her schedule.
Eastbound on 10 October 1900, Teutonic cleared New York with 184 First, 112 Second and 217 Third Class passengers, foremost of whom was boxer Kid McCoy and English golfer J.T. Taylor. Queenstown was reached at 6:18 a.m. on the 18th and Liverpool that evening.
Among those embarking at Liverpool for New York aboard Teutonic on 24 October 1900 was the well-known actor John Hare, and family: "A large number of ladies and gentlemen, members of the theatrical profession, were assembled on the stage for the purpose of seeing Mr. Hare off. They sang 'Auld Land Syne' when the steamer cast off mooring ropes, and Mr. Hare bowed from a prominent position on the vessel in response." (Liverpool Mercury, 25 October). Arriving at Queenstown the following morning at 7:21 a.m., Teutonic proceeded westbound with 212 First, 210 Second and 416 Third Class passengers and arrived at New York midday on the 31st. In addition to her passengers and more mundane cargo, she landed $1.2 mn. in gold bars and coins consigned to Lazard Frères and another $200,000 in gold for the Western National Bank.
Homewards on 7 November 1900, Teutonic went out with a sparse list of only 86 First, 100 Second and 259 Third Class but had a fair passage, calling at Queenstown the morning of the 15th and getting to Liverpool late that same day.
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The New York Times, 30 November 1900. |
From Liverpool on 21 November 1900, Teutonic, after calling at Queenstown the following morning, had 161 First, 113 Second and only 172 Third Class passengers as even the immigrant "boom" diminished late in the season. They had a long and not very nice crossing as well, and bucking strong westerly gales and high head seas all the way across, Teutonic did not dock at New York until noon on the 29th, logging 7 days 3 hours 38 mins. for the passage.
Teutonic which sailed from New York on 5 December with 148 First, 129 Second and 359 Third Class passengers, and called at Queenstown on the 12th, arrived at Liverpool that evening.
Few elect to cross in winter with the expectation of fair weather, and those who embarked in Teutonic at Liverpool on 19 December 1900 got their first taste of Winter North Atlantic even before they entered it, going straight from the Mersey into a full gale raging in the Irish Sea:
An angry gale is blowing at Queenstown since last evening. is all from the southwest, and, usual with the wind from that point it has raised a fearful sea—such a sea, in fact, that small boats any class were unable used, and it gave mighty transatlantic liners plenty to do to breast it. And the gale and sea was not confined town and our South Irish coast, for it appears that the Teutonic her way her from Liverpool encountered terrific weather all night in the Channel. She arrived here pretty well to time, nevertheless, and proceeded before noon for New York with the gale dead against her. Looking at her after passing Rochespoint to-day, she presented a remarkable picture. Ether from the shore or the tender, it was a sight worth looking to see each successive sea strike her bow and send the spray in clouds over her bridge ; but beyond the discomfort of shipping water thus, she appeared to none the worse, and disappeared to the westward all well, but if the weather continues as it she is on a rough voyage which has little pleasure for the inexperienced on board.
Cork Examiner, 21 December 1900.
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Credit: New York Tribune, 28 December 1900. |
There was little relief into the crossing as recounted by the New York Tribune on 28 December 1900, a day after Teutonic docked there:
The steamer Teutonic arrived here from Liverpool and Queenstown yesterday several hours late, owing to fierce gales and heavy head seas. The roughest part of the voyage was the first halt. It was so rough on the Irish coast that it was with great difficulty that the mails could be taken aboard at Queenstown. The succeeding three days were lively ones. Chief Officer Harry Timmis, who was on duty forward during the first gale, says that the weather was very severe and the water broke over the steamer. The daily runs of the steamer on these days were 302, 410 and 376 miles. On December 24, when 412 miles were logged, the weather showed signs of moderating. and on Christmas Day 458 miles were traversed. The weather improved somewhat from that day until port was reached.
Among her passengers was journalist Joseph Pulitzer and Teutonic landed 1,581 bags of mail.
In 1900, Teutonic made 12 westbound crossings carrying 10,815 passengers and 11 eastbound crossings carrying 6,827 passengers or a total of 17,642 passengers.
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Teutonic in the Mersey, artist: W.L. Wyllie. Credit: Bonhams. |

Thy fame is ancient as the days
As Ocean large and wide
A pride that dares, and heeds not praise
Land of Hope and Glory (1902), A.C. Benson.
This is capital steaming for this period of the year; and shows that the Teutonic is capable of performing the journey across the Atlantic just as quickly as she did when she first came out in August, 1889. It also emphasises another point, and that is the marked attention which is always paid to the upkeep of the White Star fleet.
Liverpool Mercury, 7 November 1902.
In 1899 she and the Majestic were joined by the new Oceanic, a much larger ship of about the same speed, and of similar arrangement and appearance. They made a splendid trio and were tremendous favourites on the Mersey. They were certainly more graceful-looking ships than any of the Cunarders.
J.H. Isherwood, Sea Breezes, July 1953.
At the Dawn of a New Century and with it, a new reign, ushering in what came to known as The Edwardian Era, Teutonic had matured into middle age. That she was no longer capable of record passages suited White Star's novel shunning of even competing for them since the completion of Oceanic of 1899, but instead the Liverpool-based Teutonic could still compete for speed in delivery of the English mails against American Line, via Southampton, and later in the decade, against Cunard's Caronia in a wonderful revival of head-to-head trans-Atlantic races. This was no liner in her dotage but one "beloved, renowned…"
Teutonic, too, continued to attract her fair share of the iconic personalities of the day, not the least of whom was her most devoted "regular," J.P. Morgan, as well as Mme Melba, Joseph Pulitzer, Sir Thomas Lipton, Charles Dixon, Marshall Field, Guglielmo Marconi, Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas, Winston Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, J.J. Hill, W.R. Grace, Charles McKim, Marie Tempest, Rider Haggard and Henri Farman. It was Morgan who provided the Big Event of the era with his attempt, via the International Mercantile Marine, to dominate trans-Atlantic trade, not the least of which by the acquisition of White Star and his favourite Teutonic. That and the switching of White Star's terminus to Southampton in 1907 and building a trio of new ships of unprecedented size which would supplant Teutonic and her sisters on the New York service made it an eventful era.
1901
On the second day of the Twentieth Century, Teutonic sailed from New York with a predictably small list for that time of year: 97 First, 60 Second and 72 Third. Calling at Queenstown early on the 9th, Teutonic came into the Mersey the following morning company with Dominion Line's New England.
Undergoing a spell of refit in Canada Dock, it was not until 23 January 1901 that Teutonic was off again for America, having aboard, after her call at Queenstown the next day, 101 First, 94 Second and 93 Third Class passengers. She arrived at New York on the 31st.
As his ship was coursing westwards, The Liverpool Journal of Commerce of 26 January 1901 reported that Captain Edward McKinstry, R.N.R., had been admitted as a Younger Brother of Trinity House, "step which is mutually gratifying to both parties. Those who know the gentlemen in question-- their name is legion —cannot but feel that he is a decided acquisition to any institution where a keen knowledge of nautical affairs is desiderium and we trust that his new dignity will be the fore-runner of his ultimate selection as an Elder Brother, which carries both of comfort and honour."
Passengers were scarce that winter and when Teutonic cleared her North River pier on 6 February 1901 she had but 91 First, 40 Second and 67 Third Class on her list and one barely made it aboard as recorded in some detail by The New York Times the following day:
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Credit: The New York Times, 7 February 1901. |
Those who went down to the White Star Line pier to see the steamship Teutonic start on her voyage yesterday morning witnessed an accident that came near to being fatal to a passenger. This passenger, well-dressed man of perhaps forty years, reached the pier late. The cry of All ashore! had already sounded on the steamship, the mooring had been cut loose, and the forward gangplank was lying on the dock, ship's having gangway been fully pulled two away minutes from before. As the belated passenger rushed past the customs aside officers at the gates, brushing them when they asked to see his ticket, half a dozen big 'longshoremen were just taking hold of the gangplank to pull it ashore, thus taking away the last land. connection between the Teutonic and dry Stop! Wait! Hold on!" cried the man, as he ran hands toward the gangplank, bearing in his several grips, an overcoat, and a bunch of walking canes.
The longshoremen did not hear. With a final jerk they separated the plank from the ship. One end of it hovered over the water. The man with the grips rushed wildly upon the other end. He seemed not to see that the further end from the vessel, he was away for ran ahead at full speed and was pitching over into the seething water underneath when one of the longshoremen jumped forward, caught the tail of his coat, and held him till the rest could help him to safety.
Panting, and scared half to death, the passenger, who had retained his hold on the grips and which canes despite the momentary danger in he had been placed, sat down on the pler to regain his composure. Then he gave some money to the longshoremen who had rescued him, and, grips in hand, bestirred himself suddenly and ran to the other end of the pier. From there he telephoned for a tug. This came in time and took him from the pier. He overtook the departing steamship off Liberty Island and got aboard.
What was his name could not be learned. When last seen he was crawling theretofore, up the ship's side, accompanied. as by his grips, canes, and overcoat, none of which he would allow any one to hold for him.
Also aboard, in plenty of time, was J. Bruce Ismay, who in replying the New York Times reporter question about the reported plans for a new liner which would be larger than Oceanic: The name will probably be Celtic." he added. "We expect her to be one of the finest ships afloat, as well as the largest. Her length will be 680 feet, her beam 75 feet. and her depth 44 feet. She will have a gross tonnage of 20,880, and will capacity for 1,700 passengers."
Teutonic arrived Queenstown at 10:58 p.m. on 13 February 1901 and reached Liverpool the next day, once again arriving in company with Dominion's New England.

With 112 First, 156 Second and 221 Third Class passengers, Teutonic left Liverpool on 20 February 1901 and Queenstown the next day. What was an otherwise fair voyage, especially for the time of year, was marked by one of the most extraordinary incidents to befall any liner when, on the morning of the 24th, Teutonic was struck head on by what a tsunami probably generated by an underwater volcano or earthquake, and which caused mayhem, damage and injury aboard and it was only fortunate that it hit early enough on a Sunday morning that fewer passengers were out and about on deck on what was otherwise fine, sunny day.
The White Star liner Teutonic, which reached her dock yesterday, reports a calm passage across the Atlantic, with the exception of few minutes last Sunday morning, when she was almost swamped by a huge wave
Besides doing considerable material damage to the vessel, the wave cut off the foot of one passenger and fractured the jaw of another. First Officer Bartlett was on the bridge when the wave broke, Capt. McKinstry being at breakfast. The sea was unusually placid for the Winter season, and a look at the instrument indicated that the weather would get calmer still during the day. The sun was shining its brightest, and the mild west-northwesterly wind prevailing at the time made the weather very pleasant. It was about 9 o'clock, and the officer, as he walked the bridge, had not the slightest premonition of the impending danger. The wave came over the bow from nobody seems to know where, and broke in all its fury, damaging the deck fittings and catching two unsuspecting men passengers, striking them with volcanic force, cutting off the foot of one and fracturing the Jaw of the other.
As Officer Bartlett tells the story, the Teutonic suddenly sank down into the water. Before she could recover, the sea came over directly from ahead. It swept aft, struck the crowsnest, which is from fifty-five to sixty feet above the water; knocked down two able-bodied sailors in the nest at the time, cutting an ugly gash in the temple of one and severely shaking up the other. The water rushed on down the deck several feet in depth, spraying and slashing the vessel, breaking iron railings, and snapping off pipes as if they were so many reeds. As the water continued In its mad rush, its first victim, Stanley C. Wilson of Australia, a saloon passenger, was caught and thrown violently against the railing where he was later picked up with a fractured jaw.
John Michaelson, a Danish steerage passenger, the second victim, was promenading the steerage deck at the time, and before he realized what the matter was, the wave gathered him in and carried him for several yards, finally throwing him on the deck with such great violence that his foot, getting caught in some portion of the deck fixtures, was torn off. When he was found the foot was hanging by a thin strand of flesh and looked as if it had been cut off with a pair of scissors. Both men were taken in charge by Dr. Dobie, the ship surgeon. The saloon passengers made up a purse of about $600, which they gave to the unfortunate Dane.
'It was most fortunate that the wave truck us when it did,' said Officer Bartlett yesterday. 'For had it struck us later on in the day many of the passengers would have been promenading in the sunshine, without doubt, and there is no telling how many of them would have been injured. As it was, most of them were at breakfast, and with the exception of the shock, were none the worse for their experience.'
The New York Times, 1 March 1901.
The only premonition of its approach was the sudden and unexpected burying of the steamer's bow in a hollow of water. Then a great green tumbled over the starboard bow into the wave well abaft the turtleback and poured along the decks. The steamship lurched, and promenade righted. No more big waves followed. First Officer Bartlett said yesterday afternoon that he was on the starboard end of the bridge when the wave came aboard.
'The most remarkable circumstance about it,' said he, 'was the fact the wave came out of clear weather. There was a 'rough sea' moderate. At 8 o'clock on Sunday morning the instruments showed the weather was clearing. It was pleasant and bright. There were fresh head seas, and the spray was blown over forward.
At 9:20 o'clock I saw the ship dip unusually low and plunge right into a great sea which came almost directly over the bows. The water came over the starboard bow and swept aft. The spray dashed into the crow's nest, from fifty-five to sixty feet above the water. The crow's nest was damaged, and the two men in it injured. They had to be assisted down to the deck. The steamer at the time was steaming along at her usual speed in clear weather.
The latitude was 45:06, the longitude 42:12. This shows that the steamer was southeast of the Newfoundland Banks.
New York Tribune, 1 March 1901.
Teutonic arrived at New York on 28 February 1901.
The eastbound Teutonic cleared New York on 6 March 1901 with 108 First, 51 Second and 132 Third Class passengers. Calling at at Queenstown on the 13th, The Cork Examiner reported that "her funnels and other portions of the ship still bear significant traces of the awful encounter she had." Teutonic arrived at Liverpool the next day.
The New York-bound Teutonic passed out of the Mersey on 20 March 1901, and after touching at Queenstown the following morning, began her trans-Atlantic crossing with 104 First, 119 Second and 448 Third Class passenger, her best list in some time. She arrived at New York on the morning of the 28th.

With 136 First, 74 Second and 137 Third Class passengers, Teutonic left New York for Queenstown and Liverpool on 3 April 1901. Among those aboard and proving a Teutonic "regular" was J.P. Morgan off on extended European vacation, having spent the last eight months forming the U.S. Steel Corporation, purchasing the Central Railroad of New Jersey and Lehigh Valley Railroad. He was accompanied by his sister, Mrs. Walter H. Burns and Mrs. Jacob C. Rogers. Morgan, as customary, embarked just 15 minutes before sailing at noon, and used the Second Class gangway, "evidently seeking to attract as little attention as possible." (New York Tribune). After what Capt. McKinstry said was a "stormy passage," Teutonic came into Queenstown at 8:41 p.m. On the 10th, but no reporters were allowed to board her on account of J.P. Morgan being aboard but The Cork Examiner stated that "during the passage across he was one of the most agreeable passengers on board." Teutonic arrived at Liverpool the next day and Mr. Morgan and party entrained for London from Riverside Station.
The immigrant trade was back to bustling again and upon her sailing from Queenstown at 10:35 a.m. on 18 April 1901, Teutonic (from Liverpool on the 17) numbered 1,048 in Third Class as well as 131 First and 170 Second Class for New York where she arrived on the evening of the 25th.
Departing New York on 1 May 1901, among Teutonic's passengers (168 First, 149 Second and 353 Third Class) was Mme. Melba who was originally booked on New York but when that ship's sailing was cancelled, transferred at the last minute along with other opera stars-- Olitzka, Susan Strong and Adolph Muhlmann bound for the season at Covent Garden, London. "May opened with rain. which did not, however. deter the friends of those sailing on the Teutonic from flocking to the White Star pier for the purpose of bidding them adieu. Indeed, the pier was. crowded, and fashionable society was largely represented." (New York Tribune, 2 May). Calling at Queenstown on the 8th, Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 9th, the Liverpool Daily Post reporting the next day: "The efforts of the United States speculators to capture British shipping, or have a large share in its control, was the subject of general discussion on board, which was accentuated when it was heard on reaching Liverpool that the Cunard and White Star lines were, according to rumour, meditating a combine."
With a good list of 143 First, 180 Second and 962 Third Class, Teutonic left Liverpool (and Queenstown the next day) for New York on 14 May 1901 where she docked on the afternoon of the 22nd.
The sailing yesterday of the steamers Teutonic, of the White Star Line, for Liverpool and the St. Paul, of the American Line, for Southampton within two hours of each other and the fact that on each of them was a man who desired to be present at the dinner of the London Chamber of Commerce on Wednesday evening give additional interest to the voyages of these ships. On the St. Paul sailed Clement A. Griscom, president of the American Line, who is a delegate of the New York Chamber of Commerce to the banquet of the English Chamber. John W. Mackay was the diner who sailed on the Teutonic.
New York Tribune, 30 May 1901.
The prospect of a good old fashioned trans-ocean race between British and American liners captured the imagination of New York papers. Teutonic, with 270 First, 185 Second and 443 Third, sailed at noon, 29 May 1901, two hours after St. Paul cleared, the two liners crossing the bar one hour and 40 minutes later. Taking no chances, St. Paul had signed on six additional stokers for the crossing. Adding it all was the rumours that Griscom would be meeting with J.P. Morgan in Europe "on steamship matters."
There was a very large crowd at the White Star piers to see the Teutonic sail. By quick work the officers managed to clear the ship by noon, and five minutes past that hour the liner was in the stream and under way, following the St. Paul through the fog and rain out to sea. At 11:40 a. m. the St. Paul cleared the bar. Two hours later the observer at the Hook reported that he had heard three loud whistles, which he interpreted to mean that the Teutonic had struck deep water.
The New York Times, 30 May 1901.
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Log abstract card for Teutonic's 29 May-4 June 1901 New York-Liverpool crossing. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
Teutonic reached Queenstown at 11:30 a.m. on 5 June 1901, after a fine weather crossing accomplished in 6 days 17 hours and 4 mins., and where she landed 20 First, 32 Second and 129 Third Class. Her officers and passengers disavowed any knowledge of a race with the St. Paul. St. Paul docked at Southampton at 4:20 p.m. on the 5th, after being held up for four hours by fog off the Needles and Teutonic arrived at Queenstown at 12:16 p.m. The captains of both ships disavowed any idea of a race, Capt. McKinstry saying it was "all moonshine". In the end, Griscom's St. Paul did her duty and got him to London by 5:51 p.m. in time for the dinner. Worse, The Sun of 6 June reported that Mr. Mackay had no invitation to the dinner and knew nothing of it or the race. But it did make for a good tale for the New York papers.
Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the morning of 6 June 1901 where the Liverpool Daily Post picked up the story of the supposed "race" with St. Paul:
The American Line steamer St. Paul left New York for Southampton at 11.42 a.m. on Wednesday last with passengers, 1,097 sacks of mails, and 225,000 dollars in specie. The St. Paul passed the Lizard for Southampton at 3 a.m. yesterday morning, and Hurst Castle early in the afternoon. On reaching Southampton the passengers were landed, and those proceeding to London were due to arrive at Waterloo at 6.15 last evening.
The White Star line steamer Teutonic left New York at 1.30 p.m. for Liverpool also on Wednesday last, with mails, passengers, and specie. She passed Browhead at 9 a.m. yes terday morning, en route for Queenstown and Liverpool. She arrived at Queenstown at 12.16, landed mails and passengers, and left for Liverpool at 1.20 p.m. She will arrive in the Mersey at an early hour this morning, and at seven o'clock the liner will come alongside the Prince's Stage, and disembark the passengers. There are a large number of first, second, and third-class on board.
It was reported from New York last week that twelve extra firemen had been engaged for the steamship St. Paul, which carried eighty, stokers last voyage. The extra men were, it was said, taken on so that the steamer, with the delegates to the London Chamber of Commerce banquet last night. should make the voyage in time. The St. Paul has been fitted with new machinery.
It was denied that there was any race between the steamers. Great interest was centred on the arrival of the two boats and on the Prince's Stage yesterday morning the news of the vessels having passed Lloyd's signalling stations created great interest.
Liverpool Daily Post, 6 June 1901.
Teutonic, having lost a race that was apparently never run, went about her business and departed Liverpool on 12 June 1901 for New York. On leaving Queenstown at 9:40 a.m. the next day, she had aboard 160 First, 138 Second and 414 Third Class whom she landed at New York on the 19th, having escaped the worst of an Atlantic gale which thrashed Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse. Capt. McKinstry told the New York Tribune that Teutonic met a fresh gale from the southwest on the 16th "which interferred with the progress of the vessel so that she made but 417 miles that day. The voyage was without incident."
Eastbound on 26 June 1901, Teutonic cleared New York with 293 First, 173 Second and 464 Third Class passengers. Calling at Queenstown midday on 3 July, she arrived at Liverpool on the 4th: "There was not much public recognition in the city yesterday of American Independence Day, but it was not altogether forgotten or unacknowledged. The Teutonic arrived at an early hour from Now York, and presented a very picturesque appearance, as she was decorated from stem to stern with bunting. The passengers were all in high glee."(Liverpool Daily Post, 5 July 1901).
Numbering Joseph Pulitzer, and his wife, owner of the New York World among her passengers, Teutonic departed Liverpool on 17 July 1901 and on leaving Queenstown the next day, went out with 228 First,191 Second and 286 Third Class. She did not get away until 4:15 p.m., delayed by dense fog in the channel and arrived at New York late on the 24th and docked first thing the next morning.
Teutonic sailed for home at noon on 31 July 1901 with 286 First, 175 Second and 278 Third Class passengers, amid a "small-sized riot" at the pier as recounted in The Evening World:
There was a small-sized riot on the White Star line pier at noon to-day just before the steamship Teutonic sailed for Liverpool.
The trouble started at the steerage gangway, and before quiet was restored there was a lively mix-up which resulted in the arrest of Harry Harris, of No. 176 Chrystle street, and Joseph and John Blum, brothers, who live on Eldridge street.
The crowd who made the trouble were constituents of Martin Engel, and during the melee threats were made to fix the policemen who Interfered and to secure the release of the prisoners.
The friends of the men arrested followed them to the station house and then to the Jefferson Market Court.
On the Teutonic sailed Jacob Blum, of 131 Eldridge street; Joseph Driedan, of 183 Chrystle street; Samuel Grossman of 116 Chrystle street, and there was a large crowd from the east side to see them off.
Just before the hour for the ship to sail the three passengers started to go on board, and then the trouble began. Their friends crowded to the end gangway and some tried to clamber up outside of the gangway. The officials of the line tried to stop them, and Blum, who wanted to go on board, was stopped and asked for his ticket.
The friends behind pushed and pulled to get a last word.
Blum thought the officials were not going to let him on board and, growing impatient, he upper cut John Anderson, a White Star watchman. sprinted on board and escaped in the crowd.
Magistrate Olmsted fined the prisoners $3 each.
The Evening World, 31 July 1901.
Calling at Queenstown on 7 August 1901 from 11:42 a.m.-12:50 p.m., Teutonic arrived at Liverpool the next day.
Sir Thomas Lipton,owner of the racing yacht Shamrock II, en route to watch the race for the America Cup, was among those embarking for New York in Teutonic on 14 August 1901. he was accompanied by his yacht designer George L. Watson and Mrs. George Keppel, a guest of Lipton. Also aboard was the famed maritime artist Charles Dixon who would sketch the yacht race. After calling at Queenstown the next morning, she sailed westbound with 225 First, 195 Second and 437 Third Class passengers. When Teutonic came into Narrows of New York Harbor on the 21st, the tug Lawrence together with Lipton's yachts Erin and Shamrock were present, dressed overall and with their crews to salute his arrival.
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Welcome for Sir Thomas Lipton aboard Teutonic at New York. Painting by Charles Dixon, R.I. Credit: The Graphic, 7 September 1901. |
The coming of owner of the Shamrock was attended by a booming of cannon and a shrieking of steam whistles which made the shores of the bay re-echo as if some noted man-of-war had arrived. The Teutonic was first sighted by the Sandy Hook Lightship at 4:20 p.m. The first salute came from the Erin shortly after 5 when Teutonic was passing the o'clock, Hook Lightship. The pilot boat New York then approached the big liner the word 'Welcome' from her mastheads. The Teutonic replied by signalling 'Thanks.' later the steam yacht Kanawha, A few minutes later the steam yacht Kanawha, of the New York Yacht Club, owned by H. H. Rogers, fired a salute and dipped her colors. Two other steam yachts, the Wachusetts and the Priscilla, then came scampering up and fired their cannon in welcome.
Sir Thomas replied to all the salutes with a wave of his flat, short visored blue yachting cap. His tall, lean figure could plainly be made out his tall, foredeck, with a little cluster of men on the around him.
New York Tribune, 22 August 1901.
Making her way slowly into New York Harbor among a cacaphony of whistle salutes from excursion steamers, ferries and tugs, Teutonic did get alongside her pier until 8:00 p.m. That same day, the new White Star liner Suevic made her maiden arrival at the port although with considerably less fanfare.
On 27 August 1901, Sir Thomas hosted the captains McKinstry, Nicol and Alvord of Teutonic, Georgic and Suevic aboard the Erin.
Leaving New York on 28 August 1901, with 110 First, 86 Second and 151 Third Class passengers, Teutonic arrived at Queenstown the morning of 4 September and arrived at Liverpool the next day.
Clearing Liverpool on 11 September 1901, and after pausing at Queenstown the following day, Teutonic had a good list of 298 First, 173 Second and 810 Third Class, among them being Marshall Field, owner of the famous Chicago department store, Sir Henry Burdett and the Rev. John F. Goucher. "The Teutonic was delayed somewhat in coming across by rough weather, that was encountered on the first two days out. Westerly gales and a high sea caused the ship to roll a little too much, and kept her from attaining full speed during that time." (New York Times, 20 September).

Teutonic got into New York on 18 September 1901 and to the considerable of all aboard as well many awaiting her arrival, anchored off Quarantine for the evening as she got in too late, 8:00 p.m., to be granted clearance, and did get come alongside until the following morning. Only when passing close to the Nantucket lightship, did those aboard learn of the death of President William McKinley, who succumbed to wounds after he was shot by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in Buffalo on the 6th.
On the eve of the America's Cup race, Teutonic passed out of New York Harbor on 25 September 1901 at 1:30 p.m., displaying signal flags reading "Success." The siren of the Erin then sang out, and there soon flew to the masthead of the Irish yacht the letters 'X.O.R.' which said 'Thanks.' Although it was the American defender, Columbia which won all three races against Shamrock II. With 118 First, 95 Second and 174 Third Class passengers, Teutonic came into Queenstown at 6:10 a.m. on 1 October and arrived at Liverpool the following evening.
The westbound Teutonic passed out of the Mersey on 9 October 1901, and after calling at Queenstown the next morning, had 233 First, 197 Second and 478 Third Class passengers. Arriving at New York (Bar) at 5:09 p.m. of the 16th, the New York Times wrote: "There were 430 people on the cabin, and they said that, except for two or three days, the voyage across had been a pleasant one. There was no gambling on board to amount to anything, and, with the exception of about a half dozen boisterously inclined persons in the steerage, everything on the ship and orderly."
With a rather desultory list of 99 First, 49 Second and 123 Third Class, Teutonic left New York on 23 October 1901 and got into Queenstown at 7:47 a.m. on the 30th and making a remarkably brief call there, was off for Liverpool at 8:00 a.m. where she arrived at 7:00 a.m. the next day, followed by Dominion Line's Commonwealth.
Teutonic departed Liverpool on 6 November 1901 for New York and cleared Queenstown at 12:25 p.m. the next day with 188 First, 130 Second and 190 Third Class passengers who disembarked at New York the evening of the 13th.
Off again for Ireland and England, Teutonic left New York on 20 November 1901 with 84 First, 73 Second and 195 Third Class passengers as eastbound traffic continued to be light in space the rate wars prevailing on the Atlantic run. Worse, her list was so bereft of important personages as to ignored by the New York papers. She passed through Queenstown midday on the 27th and got into Liverpool the next day.
Embarking on her last voyage of the first year of the new century, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool the afternoon of 4 December 1901 and after a less than two-hour call at Queenstown the following morning, was westward bound with 109 First, 89 Second and 138 Third Class passengers. They had a rough trip all the way over, up to the American coast, with westerly gales and high seas and consequently did not get into New York until the morning of the 12th. Perhaps indicative of the weather across, Miss Jessie Gateman, leading lady in "The Message from Mars," complained on arrival that four of her trunks were waterlogged and the contents ruined, and threatened to sue White Star for damages.
Teutonic's final crossing of the year was an awkwardly timed one, leaving New York on 18 December 1901 and baring any record crossing over, would not reach England until Boxing Day. She went out with 98 First, 48 and 178 Third Class passengers. It was Christmas Day when Teutonic got into Queenstown, late, at 6:10 p.m. and Liverpool the following day. In addition to landing her passengers, she dropped off 800 bags of mail.
In 1901, Teutonic made 12 westbound crossings carrying 9,389 passengers and 13 eastbound crossings carrying 5,983 passengers or a total of 15,372 passengers.
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Teutonic at the White Star Line pier, North River, New York. Credit: meisterdrucke fine art prints |
1902
"It being New Year's Day, a large number of spectators assembled on the stage and eagerly watched the embarkation of passengers and mails," reported the Liverpool Daily Post the day after Teutonic literally began the New Year in a definitive fashion by starting her first voyage of the year on the first day of it. After calling at Queenstown the next morning, she had a fair list for the time of year of 118 First, 65 Second and 134 Third Class with W.R. Grace among those in First. Of principal interest on Teutonic's arrival at New York midday on the 9th was her 1,300 bags of mail, many letters bearing the new "Red Edwards" penny stamps showing the profile of the new King.
Making his second voyage in the ship, Sig. Guglielmo Marconi, fresh from his triumph of successfully transmitting a wireless message across the Atlantic, was among the 143 First, 65 Second and 128 Third Class sailing from New York in Teutonic on 15 January 1902. Also sailing was Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas, of whom The Evening World the next day remarked: "America's a God-forsaken country," said Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas yesterday as he left us for England on the Teutonic. It will be remembered that Lord Alfred failed to pass the social quarantine of Washington, a city not always finicky about the morals of its visitors from abroad." Teutonic called at Queenstown on the 22nd and arrived at Liverpool the following day.
American boxer Jack O'Brien was among those sailing in Teutonic on 12 February 1902 for New York, and "there was a large assembly of exponents of 'the noble art' on the stage to give O'Brien a hearty send-off," (Liverpool Daily Post). Westbound from Queenstown the next day, she had 104 First, 122 Second and 193 Third Class aboard.

As The Sun of 21 February 1902 reminded, Teutonic's normal winter pattern from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook lightship featured an arrival on Wednesday evening or early Thursday mornings, but here "lusty weather on the Atlantic," had her over a day late over longer winter schedule and two days behind her ordinary timetable, not getting in until the afternoon on Friday the 21st. Capt. McKinstry told reporters on arrival that "head winds were encountered all the way across" and "frequently on the trip is became necessary to run the ship at half speed." (The Evening World). En route, Teutonic passed the disabled American Line's Philadelphia, which lost a screw, being towed by the N.D.L. liner Neckar to Halifax, 755 miles distant. Teutonic which had in her youth and far better weather crossed from Queenstown to New York in 5 days 16 hours 31 mins, in this instance took 7 days 23 hours and 55 mins. or just shy of eight days to do so. The New York Times added that "The Teutonic has the reputation of being one of the best heavy weather vessels in the transatlantic service."
Eastbound, Teutonic cleared New York on 26 February 1902 with 97 First, 57 Second and 128 Third Class passengers. She arrived at Queenstown at 5:25 pm. on 5 March and was off again three quarters of an hour later for Liverpool1, docking there the next day. Hitting heavy fog off Holyhead at 10:00 p.m., she was "detained for many hours," not getting into Liverpool until just before 3:00 p.m. on the 6th. "Amongst the passengers in the saloon list were Johnny Rieff, H. Spencer, Charlie Gray, and Harry Jenkins, famous American jockeys. They travelled in grand style. and brought their own manservants." (Liverpool Daily Post, 7 March 1902).
The day of her sailing for New York, a tragic accident occurred during boat drill aboard Teutonic on 12 March 1902 as she lay anchored in the Mersey before coming alongside the landing stage:
Yesterday afternoon an exciting scene occurred as the Teutonic, of the White Star line, was lying in the river. The liner was at anchor, having come out of dock for the purpose of coming up to the Landing-stage before departure for New York. The crew are well drilled in regard to the use of the lifeboats, and they were being put through their exercises yesterday as usual, when the accident occurred.
It seems, so far as can be gathered, that a number of men were in one of the boats, which was swinging in the davits. In some way one of the crew fell overboard. Immediately there was an alarm, and a cry of 'Man overboard.' Another boat was being slung out for the rescue, but before this could be done four men belonging to the Teutonic’s crew jumped into the water to save their comrade. Happily the tug Moorcock, owned by Mr. J. L. Gordon, was in the vicinity, and, noticing the commotion on board the Teutonic, steamed quickly towards the liner. The four men in the water were picked up, but the fifth man, the one who fell from the lifeboat into the water—was carried away and drowned. Much excitement prevailed.
Captain Stockton, of the Moorcock, deserved great credit for his promptitude and gallantry.
Liverpool Daily Post, 13 March 1902.
Clearing Liverpool the afternoon of 13 March 1902, Teutonic had 112 First, 135 Second and 519 Third Class aboard on departure from Queenstown the next day. She arrived at New York on the 20th.
Sailing with 157 First, 87 Second and 161 Third Class, Teutonic left New York on 26 March 1902, called at Queenstown on 2 April and arrived at Liverpool the following morning.

Liverpool Landing Stage was a busy place on 9 April 1902 with the arrival there of Celtic from her epoch-making Mediterranean cruise chartered by American Frank C. Clark and departure of Teutonic for New York. Also present were Oceanic, in from New York; Cymric, Runic, Magnetic and Pontic, totalling 80,500 tons of White Star tonnage, "an aggregation of shipping belonging to one firm, all in port at one time, and all in active employment ,which is doubtless unique in the annals of Liverpool, and probably of the world." (Liverpool Mercury, 10 April). Quite a few of Celtic's passengers transhipped to her whilst others opted stay in England for the Coronation. Others aboard included Vice-Admiral Sir H. Rawson, KCB, Governor of New South Wales, Lady Rawson and daughter; and James S. Hogg, former Governor of Texas. "A large number of persons were congregated on the Prince's Stage when the liner departed, and a hearty cheer was raised by the numerous friends of the passengers." (Liverpool Daily Post, 10 April). Following her call at Queenstown, Teutonic went out with 194 First, 214 Second and 948 Third Class and arrived at New York on the 17th.
Whilst Teutonic was in New York, it was announced by Howard Pusey, secretary to Clement A. Griscom, President of the International Navigation Company (American Line and Red Star Line) in Philadelphia on 19 April 1902 that it had agreed to enter "the steamship combination of which J.P. Morgan is the head."
Teutonic left New York on 23 April 1902 with 174 First, 179 Second and 225 Third Class who learned of the consumation of the acquisition of White Star Line by the Morgan combine on arrival at Queenstown on the 30th, the Liverpool Daily Post of 2 May commenting that "the Americans generally were, as a matter of course, considerably elated, but some regarded it in the light of a pure business speculation on the part of the shipping trust, which, they said, must ultimately command an enormous trade." Teutonic arrived in Liverpool on May Day in brilliant sun but chilly, windy weather.
With 97 First, 187 Second and 777 Third Class on departure from Queenstown on 8 May 1902 (from Liverpool the preceding day), Teutonic embarked on her first voyage under the new IMM ownership although outwardly with no difference whatsoever. She won no love from the customs people in New York, coming in late on the 14th, "at so late an hour it was considerably past midnight before the last of her cabin passengers had been passed ashore. This gave rise to considerable grumbling by the Customs House inspectors." (New York Times, 15 May).
Off for Ireland and England on 21 May 1902, with 184 First, 199 Second and 336 Third Class passengers, Teutonic's list, according to The Evening World, included James R. Keene, the Wall Street leader and racing man; Mrs. Patrick Campbell, the English actress; Pinky Panky Poo, her dog, and Herbert Waring, her leading man." Mrs. Campbell tried to get the animal aboard secreted in a Gladstone bag, distraught at the idea it would, per company rules, be carried under the care of the ship's butcher, but was soon persuaded to follow orders. Another passenger, Joseph Bramwell of New York, was bound for the Coronation ceremonies, and according to The New York Times, "will perhaps enjoy the distinction of being the only resident of this city who was also present at the coronation of Queen Victoria and the two Jubilees." Teutonic called at Queenstown the morning of 28th, sailing at 10:35 a.m. for Liverpool where she came in on the 29th.

Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 4 June 1902 and Queenstown the next day, and numbered 96 First, 152 Second and 452 Third Class in her list, among them Winston Churchill and Mrs. Churchill. But it was her cargo that featured on the trip over, or rather, the manifest of it which for some inexplicable reason had not been received aboard on departure from Queenstown, but her purser arranged a work around with customs officials on arrival at New York on the 12th and there no was no delay in unloading the cargo and the manifest written on the spot from the bills of lading. On arrival, Winston Churchill told The Evening World, that he had been aboard for seven months, and that was "too long a time to be absent from America."

As reported by the New York Tribune on 14 June 1902, Teutonic's departure for Liverpool would be brought forward to Tuesday the 17th instead of her usual Wednesday with the dual intentions of giving prospective passengers ample time to arrive in England in time for the Coronation of H.M. King Edward VII (on the 26th) and "give the ship time to discharge cargo and be put in trim to run an excursion to Spithead to watch the naval review, which is to be a spectacular part of the celebration."
"The Teutonic, as a special coronation boat, also leaves with a full passenger list," (New York Times, 17 June 1902), and she sailed from New York on 17 June 1902 with 229 First, 177 Second and 502 Third Class. Alas, all of the plans and preparations, throughout the British Empire and indeed the whole of civilised world came to naught when on the 24th, word came that the coronation would have to postponed after the King required urgent surgery for an abdominal abscess. Teutonic arrived at Queenstown on the day news broke and the following day at Liverpool disembarked some thoroughly surprised and disappointed passengers:
The last batch of American visitors coming over for the Coronation arrived in Liverpool yesterday by the Teutonic. The liner left New York a day ahead of her time in order that passengers might reach London to see the Coronation of King Edward VII. On reaching Queenstown they heard that his Majesty was ill and that the Coronation had been postponed. Many of them were thunderstruck, and most of them refused to believe the report. It was much talked of, nevertheless, but the conclusion generally arrived at was that the news was merely a piece of Stock Exchange gossip, set afoot for some sinister purpose.
The journey up Channel to Liverpool was continued in the hope that better and more reliable news would be obtained. The disappointment was intense when the Coronation visitors ascertained that his Majesty's illness was only too true. Many who would not otherwise have stopped in Liverpool remained to witness the celebrations, as they were told all festivities in London had been abandoned. A party from Massachusetts called at the Echo office to ascertain the very latest information with regard to the King's condition.
One of them (Mr. Boardman, of Worcester) paid high tribute of respect to the King by saying, 'If our President had been struck down I could not have grieved more over it. It is calamitous news, and will make a big sensation in the States.' The London visitors were forwarded by special train from Riverside. Most of them looked quite depressed, and their disappointment was unquestionably deep and real.
Liverpool Daily Post, 26 June 1902.
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Credit: Liverpool Daily Post, 26 June 1902. |
Steamers from all parts of the world, which timed their sailings to bring in passengers for the coronation, are reaching England constantly. When the news of the King's illness is received on board there is consternation, and the bitter disappointment of the passengers is quite pitiful to see. This is especially true in the case of the White Star Line steamer Teutonic, which sailed from New. York on June 17. The Teutonic's passengers had hoped that by sailing a day earlier than the scheduled date they would be able to witness the ceremonies and to occupy the seats they had engaged months ago.
Litigation is already beginning over contracts made with regard to seats, accommodations and other arrangements dependent upon the coronation and the naval review. The many steamers which were chartered to witness the review will not be needed, and this point alone is likely to make lots of work for the lawyers. The British fleet will remain intact at Portsmouth until next week, but several of the foreign war vessels will leave there to-morrow.
The New York Times, 26 June 1902.
Teutonic, her planned cruise to Spithead cancelled along with the Fleet Review that occasioned it, cooled her heels in Liverpool until her scheduled 2 July 1902 sailing to New York. Calling at Queenstown the next morning, she steamed westwards at 9:15 a.m. with 148 First, 147 Second and 527 Third Class passengers who arrived at New York on the 10th.
With 218 First, 189 Second and 391 Third Class passengers, Teutonic cleared New York Harbor midday on 16 July 1902 for Queenstown and Liverpool, arriving home early on the 24th.
From Liverpool on 6 August 1902 and Queenstown on the 7th, Teutonic embarked 149 First and 223 Second and 350 Third Class passengers for New York where she arrived on the 13th. During her turnaround there, the Teutonic's cricket team played the local Kilkenny Club at Central Park on the 16th and were soundly thrashed 57 to 18.
Among the scant 58 First, 157 Second and 174 Third Class passengers sailing from New York in Teutonic on 20 August 1901 was Lord Hopetoun, formerly Governor General of Australia. Calling at Queenstown on the 27th, Teutonic arrived at Liverpool the following day.
Sailing to America aboard Teutonic on 3 September 1902 were the Rt. Hon. W.J. Pirrie, head of Harland & Wolff, and Mrs. Pirrie, who were seen off at the landing stage by J. Bruce Ismay and Harold Sanderson. Pirrie was bound for talks with J.P. Morgan. This sailing was also the first to carry a consignment of parcel post "under a new arrangement between the British Government and the American Express Company," with Umbria taking out the second shipment on the 7th. On departure from Queenstown on the 4th, Teutonic had 293 First, 173 Second and 655 Third Class passengers aboard and arrived at New York on the 10th. Pirrie declined to answer questions from the press on arrival whose visit was to work out final details of the transfer of White Star Line, of which Pirrie was a Director, to the Morgan Combine.
Among Teutonic's few passengers (62 First, 127 Second and 146 Third) sailing from New York on 17 September 1902 was the Duchess of Marlborough, the former Consuelo Vanderbilt and only daughter of the railroad tycoon. "The departure of the Teutonic with the Duchess of Marlborough and other well known persons, the arrival of the Oceanic, and also the presence in the city of the Grand Duke Boris, Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt, and Mrs. Ogden Goelet were factors In the general effect of it being a social field day in early Autumn."(New York Times, 18 September). Arriving in New York the same day, Oceanic completed a passage from Queenstown of 5 days 16 hours 40 mins, but still nine minutes off Teutonic's standing White Star record.

Teutonic arrived at Queenstown at 9:11 a.m. on 24 September 1902 and departed shortly for Liverpool where, coming into the Mersey just after midnight, she anchored off New Brighton for the night. In dense fog early that morning, the inbound Mayo, arriving from Dublin, collided with the still anchored Teutonic, hitting her on her starboard quarter. The packet was seriously damaged, buckling her stem and plates above the waterline but the damage to Teutonic was "very slight." Of more interest to the Liverpool press was the arrival of the Duchess of Marlborough and other "American millionaires":
Yesterday morning the White Star steamer Teutonic landed a very select company of saloon passengers in Liverpool, who afterwards boarded a train-de-luxe for London. The palatial floating palace left New York for this port on Wednesday, thes 17th inst., and after a most enjoyable passage, arrived in the Mersey on Wednesday evening, where, in consequence of a thick fog. she remained at anchorage during the night, and shortly before ten o'clock yesterday morning she berthed, as usual, at the Prince's Stage for the purpose of disembarking passengers and baggage. During her anchorage a slight collision happened between the While Star boat and the Dublin Steampacket Company’s steamer Mayo. The latter was somewhat slightly damaged, her stem being twisted.
Amongst the voyagers were the Duchess of Marlborough and suite. Her grace had been spending a short season in New York visiting her friends, and she is said to have spent a very enjoyable time. The duchess, be it known, although now a typical member of the higher stratum of the English aristocracy, is an out and out American, and whenever she visits the States over which the stars and stripes float, she always enjoys herself....
Amongst other passengers were Lord Melgund, son and heir of Lord Minto, the Hon. Arthur Elliot. Mrs.Elliot, and family, Mr. Arthur Iselin, Colonel W. Ingersoll Merritt, Mr. C. T. Yerkes, Mr. E.B. Osler, Mr. W. M. Peterkin, and many other magnates and millionaires so common in the States.
Liverpool Daily Post, 26 September 1902.
Millionaires were sparse on Teutonic's departure from Liverpool on 1 October 1902 and following her Queenstown call the next morning, she had 268 First, 199 Second and 655 Third Class passengers for New York where she arrived on the evening of the 8th. In addition to landing her passengers, mails and cargo, she came in with $1.05 mn. in gold for deposit with various banks.
The eastbound Teutonic went out on 15 October 1902 with 94 First, 96 Second and 181 Third Class, among them being Archer Baker, European manager of the Canadian Pacific Railway Co.. Teutonic arrived at Liverpool the evening of the 22nd.
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Credit: The New York Times, 6 November 1902. |
Going out on 29 October 1902, Teutonic, calling at Queenstown the next day, sailed for America with 87 First, 183 Second and 653 Third Class passengers. She put in the best performance in three years, arriving at New York on 5 November (crossing the Bar at 8:56 a.m.) and logging 6 days 57 mins. at an average speed of 19.5 knots from Daunt's Rock to Sandy Hook. "The use of selected Welsh coal is said to be the reason why the Teutonic made a fast trip." (New York Times, 6 November). The Liverpool Mercury (7th) lauded: "This is capital steaming for this period of the year; and shows that the Teutonic is capable of performing the journey across the Atlantic just as quickly as she did when she first came out in August, 1889. It also emphasises another point, and that is the marked attention which is always paid to the upkeep of the White Star fleet."
Before Teutonic could sail from New York at noon on 12 November 1902, White Star Line had to post a $17,000 bond to secure a claim for libel against them by a passenger from Brooklyn who was "hit on the head by a falling spar" on 2 September and was suing for damages. Teutonic went out with 82 First, 63 Second and 206 Third Class as well as $495,000 in silver specie, weighing 38 tons. She arrived at Liverpool on the 20th.
The New York-bound Teutonic had 86 First, 80 Second and 264 Third Class passengers embarking at Liverpool (26 November 1902) and Queenstown (27th), all of whom must have regretted ever setting out across the Atlantic as described by The Evening World on 5 December, the day they finally arrived after one of the slowest crossings the ship had made to date:
From the time she left Queenstown until she tied up at her pier to-day the White Star liner Teutonic was buffeted by northwest and southwest gales and towering head seas. The time of the voyage was seven days, 13 hours and 66 minutes, about the worst ever made by the Teutonic.
Few of the passengers had the nerve to venture on deck, and on some occasions, notably during the second day out, the officers gave orders that the passengers should remain below. Fortunately no accidents marred the voyage, and among the eighty first cabin passengers there was such an array of singers and musicians that daily concerts served to while away the tedium of the long trip.
The storm that is sweeping over New York to-day was encountered by the Teutonic yesterday evening off Fire Istand, and was the fiercest of the voyage. It was dark as pitch when the steamship arrived at Sandy Hook, and the mailboat came alongside to take off 2,038 bags of mall.
The driving storm of sleet and snow shut out the view of light and the little mailboat was bounced against the towering sides of the big liner with such force that it was feared she would be stove in. The transfer of mail was one of the most exciting incidents of the trip.
From Sandy Hook the Teutonic felt her way up the lower bay and the Narrows to Quarantine, where she lay all night. Her trip up the river this morning was made under difficulties similar to those that had been encountered clear across the ocean, and it was a relieved crowd of passengers that fled off the pier Into the snowstorm.
Albert Palmer, a seaman, from his experience on Dec. 3 is known on the ship as the human ping-pong ball.
On that date he was sent to make tarpaulin fast over the forward hatch. While at work he was picked up by a sea that came aboard and hurled the width of the deck. Just as it seemed that he must go into the ocean another sea came aboard and buffeted him back again. Three or four times he made the round trip across the deck, batted from wave to wave, until he managed to secure a grip on a stanchion and hold on until rescued. Beyond a wetting and a scare he sustained no injury.
The Evening World, 5 December 1902.
The White Star liner Teutonic, which got to her pier yesterday, had the experience on her trip across the Atlantic that has been the lot of all the steamers reaching this port in last week or more. Battered and salt encrusted, she was all night in fighting her way to her anchorage in the Lower Bay. From the time she passed Daunt's Rock, November 29, rough weather was the only kind she met. Few of her passengers cared to go on deck, most of them preferring the snugness of the cabins to the rough North Atlantic gales.
New York Tribune, 6 December 1902.
According to The New York Times, "her officers described [it] as the roughest trip she had ever made."
With Miss Pauline Astor, daughter of William Waldorf Astor, and her chaperione, Mme. Flory, and "a large number of Scandinavian-Americans, who are returning to their native land to spend the holidays," (Evening World), figuring among her 97 First, 132 Second and 394 Third Class passengers, Teutonic sailed from New York on 10 December 1902 and had a dreadful time getting into Liverpool amid a terrific gale in the Irish Channel that went right up into the Mersey. Arriving off Mersey Bar on the morning of the 18th, she could not get alongside Prince's Landing or enter the docks until late that day.
In 1902, Teutonic made 13 westbound crossings carrying 9,333 passengers and 12 eastbound crossings carrying 6,095 passengers or a total of 15,428 passengers.
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Teutonic dressed overall in the Mersey c. 1903. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
1903
Bridging the old and new years, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on Christmas Eve 1902 for New York and after calling at Queenstown on Christmas Day, coursed westbound for New York with 66 First, 63 Second and 134 Third Class passengers. "The first of the big steamships docking at the North River piers to arrive in the new year was the White Star line steamship Teutonic, which came up to her dock early this morning." The first vessel to sail was the French line steamship La Champagne, which sailed at 10. o'clock. (The Evening World, 1 January 1903)." To Teutonic went the distinction of the first of two liners (the other being N.D.L.'s Neckar) to arrive in the Port of New York in 1903 when she came alongside early on the morning of New Years Day.

Her first eastbound crossing of the year started off four hours late when, on 7 January 1903, Teutonic sailed from New York at 4:00 p.m. rather than at noon when her coal supply was not delivered on time by the Berwind Coal Co. amid widespread shortages of the fuel that winter. Arriving alongside by barge, one at a time, some 600 of the 1,900 tons she needed had yet to be bunkered the morning of departure. Three other liners-- St. Paul, Potsdam and Trave-- were also delayed for the same reason.
When she finally sailed, Teutonic got off with 62 First, 70 Second and 185 Third Class. In the later class were 36 Negro men, 12 women and 10 children, from Irwin County, Georgia, bound for Liberia, Africa where they intended to settle. "We are just poor farmers, business was not good for us, so we got together, sold our farms and are going out to Liberia to begin life again," George Scott told the New York Tribune. Teutonic arrived at Queenstown on 14 January 1903, departing there at 5:40 p.m. and arriving at Liverpool the following morning.
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Credit: The Evening World, 30 January 1903. |
On her first westbound crossing of the year, Teutonic left Liverpool on 21 January 1903, and after calling at Queenstown the next day, had 80 First, 83 Second and 226 Third Class passengers. They endured a classic winter crossing and when she and Auguste Victoria of HAPAG arrived at New York on the 30th, The Evening World wrote: "Tired, bruised and grateful passengers hastened from the steamships when they reached their piers, thankful to be released from the constraint of their staterooms, to which they had been confined during most of the voyage." Of the White Star liner, it reported: "the Teutonic was seven days, twenty-two hours and forty-one minutes making the Westward voyage. For five days out of the seven she fought head seas and gales that swept her decks. On Jan. 25 the weather was so rough that the big liner was able to log only 215 knots." Teutonic was more than a day late, but not damaged, crossing the Bar at 6:29 a.m. on the 30th.

The shortage of coal in New York continue to bedevil shipping in the port to the extent that Teutonic and St. Paul, due to sail on 4 February 1903, stayed at their piers as did the HAPAG Moltke, to have departed on a Mediterranean cruise, and Holland America's Amsterdam. White Star announced on the afternoon of the 4th that they expected to have Teutonic coaled and off on her way at 2:00 pm. The following afternoon with coal alongside her by 7:00 p.m. the evening of the 4th. John Lee, White Star manager, told the New York Tribune that her coal had been delayed by a lack of locomotives to haul it and was stuck between Newark and Jersey City.
With 145 First, 71 Second and 154 Third Class passengers, Teutonic was finally off for Liverpool at 11:30 p.m. on 5 February 1903, later than expected owing to additional delays bunkering. She passed out of Sandy Hook at 1:45 a.m. on the 6th and got into Liverpool early in the evening of the 13th.
The mail steamer Teutonic is at present lying up at Liverpool, and is out of the bill for immediate sailings, the Celtic and Cedric being in the mail line for the present.
Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering, 1 March 1903.
The second of the big "20,000-tonners, Cedric left Liverpool on 11 February 1903 on her maiden trip. With the new ship, Celtic, Oceanic and Cymric holding down the mail service that winder, Teutonic and Majestic were idled in early 1903 to undergo refitting, illustrative of the improvements I.M.M. pledged with the acquisition of White Star Line. Here, Majestic received a far more comprehensive refitting at Belfast, including new boilers, remasting (emerging with fore and mainmast only), and new funnels which were both considerably higher and larger in diameter and evoking those of Oceanic. She was out of service from December 1902- May 1903.
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Teutonic at New York showing her extended funnels on the December 1903 White Star Line calendar card. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
Conversely, Teutonic's work seems to have been accomplished in obscurity and long the subject of mystery. There was no mention of it whatsoever in the press, general or trade, other than in relation to Majestic's work, and her busy schedule maintained except for 13 February-1 April 1903 when she certainly had her funnels replaced by larger and taller ones, if not as tall as Majestic's and more curiously appears to have undergone any work at her Canada Docks berth in Liverpool with no return to Belfast. Her masts remained intact and no major alterations done to her accommodation and no details are available as to any alterations to her machinery, boilers etc. The one date-indicative photographic proof of her new funnels (as well as the painting of her forward turtleback white instead of mast buff) is of the ship at the White Star pier so altered as the featured ship in the December 1903 calendar card as sent to agents every month.

An immense amount of mail was brought to New York by the White Star Liner Teutonic, which has just arrived. There were 527,270 letters alone. Allowing five inches as the average length of each envelope, this collection would make a single string end to end of 21,865 feet, or more than four miles. The 870 bags of second-class matter would make a column exactly 870 feet high, allowing one foot as the thickness of each bag. It required exactly thirty minutes for the twenty men engaged in discharging this mail to put it all aboard the mail boat Postmaster General off the upper quarantine station.
The Courier-Journal, 12 April 1903.
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Teutonic's new post spring 1903 profile. Credit: The Mariners' Museum.
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With no mention of her refit or "new look," Teutonic resumed service on 1 April 1903, the sailing more notable for its epic consignment of mail than anything else. With Mrs. Bruce Ismay and James J. Hill, owner of the Great Northern Railway Co., among her 103 First, 177 Second and 933 Third Class passengers, on departure from Queenstown the following day Teutonic arrived at New York early on the 9th. Of special interest was her extraordinary large mail consignment totalling 257,270 letters and 870 bags of second and third class mail.
With the coal situation back to normal in New York, Teutonic's departure on 15 April 1903 was on schedule and routine, going out with 79 First, 62 Second and 194 Third Class. Calling at Queenstown the evening of the 22nd, she arrived at Liverpool the next day.
From Liverpool on 29 April 1903 and Queenstown the following day, Teutonic had 126 First, 124 Second and an impressive 1,079 in Third Class, her best list in that class for some time. Ice season came early that spring and Teutonic had to go well south of her usual route to avoid it, and consequently arriving late at New York on 7 May, when she was due the previous day.
The homewards Teutonic took out 147 First, 160 Second and 331 Third Class passengers on departure from New York on 13 May 1903, among them the actress Maxine Elliott and opera singer Mlle. Zelie de Lissun. Liverpool was reached on the morning of the 21st.
For New York, Teutonic from Liverpool on 27 May 1903 and Queenstown the 26th, sailed with 71 First, 114 Second and 572 Third Class passengers and got into New York the evening of 3 June.
Teutonic sailed from New York at 1:30 p.m. on 10 June 1903 with 260 first, 197 Second and 499 Third Class. Among those aboard was the renowned American architect Charles F. McKim, winner of the gold medal for architecture awarded by King Edward VII and en route to receive it on the 22nd. Also aboard, with his "big new 80 horsepower Peerless car," was Louis P. Mooers, third member of the American team entered for the international automobile cup race. Teutonic docked at Liverpool on the 18th.
Off again for America on 24 June 1903, Teutonic had 73 First, 128 Second and 323 Third Class aboard on clearing Queenstown the following day and arrived at New York at 6:00 p.m. on 1 July.
Among the 162 First, 206 Second and 203 Third passengers sailing from New York at 1:30 p.m. on 8 July 1903 was IMM's Henry Wilding and Sen. W.A. Clark. Teutonic got into Queenstown the afternoon of the 15th and Liverpool the next day.
With 133 First, 130 Second and 232 Third Class aboard on clearing Queenstown on 23 July 1903 (from Liverpool the day before), Teutonic was not having an terribly impressive or busy season to date. She got into New York early on the 30th
With 74 First, 135 Second and 229 Third Class passengers, Teutonic left New York at 1:30 p.m. on 5 August 1903. Calling at Queenstown on the 11th, she departed there at 6:25 p.m. for Liverpool where she arrived the following morning.
Clearing Queenstown on 20 August 1903 for New York, Teutonic had 182 First, 229 Second, 438 Third Class and arrived at 2:30 pm. on the 26th.
On the eve of the America's Cup yacht race, Teutonic and Philadelphia sailed from New York on 2 September 1903 and passed Sir Thomas Lipton's Erin coming into port, and both ships saluted her with three long whistle blasts. Capt. McKinstry had been among the guests aboard Erin the evening before and had another of his guests were aboard Teutonic, among her 69 First, 64 Second and 219 Third Class passengers. She arrived at Liverpool the evening of the 9th.
With what the Liverpool Daily Post described as "a very large number of passengers in all classes," Teutonic sailed for New York on 16 September 1903 and after calling the next day at Queenstown, had 253 First, 198 Second and 561 Third Class aboard. Reported off Nantucket at 4:30 a.m. on the 23rd, Teutonic berthed at New York that evening.
Homewards on 30 September 1903, Teutonic cast off from her New York pier at 1:30 p.m. with a tiny list of 33 First, 44 Second and 189 Third Class and arrived at Liverpool the morning of 8 October.
Clearing Liverpool (14 October 1903) and Queenstown (15th), with 72 First, 189 Second and 360 Third Class passengers, one of whom, a Captain S. Gelat, French citizen, aroused the most attention on arrival at New York on the 22nd when customs officials found $25,000 in diamonds and precious stones "secreted in his clothing." He was arrested on suspicion of being part of a smuggling gang.
Teutonic passed out of New York Harbor the afternoon of 28 October 1903 with 56 First, 46 Second and 313 Third Class passengers for Queenstown (4 November) and Liverpool where she arrived on the 5th in such heavy fog that she could not go alongside Prince's Landing Stage and instead anchored in mid- river and landed her passengers by the tender Magnetic. Among them was Mr. James H. Ismay and Mrs. Ismay returning from their honeymoon. The fog persisted and it was not until midnight on the 6th that Teutonic docked.
The New York-bound Teutonic left Liverpool on 11 November 1903 and after Queenstown the next day, had 95 First, 81 Second and 220 Third Class passengers aboard, among them English actress Marie Tempest, and husband, Arthur Bertram, her manager, and an English lark which landed exhausted aboard the liner in mid- Atlantic and was adopted by Mrs. Tempest.
Embarking 54 First, 91 Second and 469 Third Class passengers, Teutonic sailed from New York on 25 November 1903. When she arrived at Queenstown on the 2nd, she landed 1,000 bags of mail there and proceeded to Liverpool where she came alongside Prince's Landing Stage the following morning.
After a series of routine voyages, the last one of the year, from Liverpool on 9 December 1903, had plenty of "goings on." During her ensuing call at Queenstown the next day, Teutonic embarked the First and Second Class passengers of the Red Star Line's Kroonland which had to abandon her westbound voyage from Antwerp there owing to a breakdown of her steering gear in heavy weather. Teutonic had 140 First, 155 Second and 167 Third Class passengers for New York on departure from Queenstown midday on the 10th, 154 being Kroonland's saloon passengers.

Upon her arrival at New York on 17 December 1903, about 24 hours late, and docking at 8:00 a.m., battered and covered for much of her length in ice, Teutonic's exciting voyage across was recorded in great detail in the local papers. That she faced a succession of westerly gales all the way across was not unusual for the season but a freak lightening bolt strike amidst a heavy snowstorm in mid Atlantic was a thrilling and notable end to an otherwise routine voyage during a routine year:
With her foretruck ripped away by lightning. battered, rusty and salt encrusted, the Teutonic passed into Quarantine early yesterday, more than twenty-four hours late. The voyage wag the roughest reported by storm tossed and belated steamers for the last fortnight. The Teutonic left Liverpool on December 9. Until Saturday the steamer moved through a blanketlike fog.
Early Sunday it began to snow. and in half an hour it grew so thick that double lookout was placed in the bow. By noon it was impossible to see a cable length ahead. The steamer displayed all her lights and kept her whistles screeching.
New York Tribune, 18 December 1903.
The steamship Teutonic, of the White Star Line, arrived at her North River pier to-day after an exciting voyage in which her main mast was shattered by a bolt of lightning during a snow storm, a freak, of the elements not heretofore recorded on the seas.
Capt. F. R. McKinstry, in command, said that all the way across the ship fought heavy westerly gales.
'Just before dinner Sunday,' he said, 'when the storm was heaviest and while the vessel was passing through a heavy snowstorm, the heavens seemed to split wide open and give forth a bolt of lightning. the thunder of which shook the Teutonic as though she had lost her propeller blades.
'The bolt of lightning struck the mainmast, wrecked the truck and sent the splintered and shattered mast down the skylight into the main cabin, where the passengers were preparing to take their seats for dinner.
'For a time there was much excitement, the women screaming and running for their staterooms. But the officers assured them the danger was past and after great tarpaulins had been placed over the broken skylight the meal was served as usual.
'"I never before saw lightning come out of a snow storm. To a less staunch ship the result might have been worse. The Teutonic trembled and shook from stem to stern until the electricity was out of the vessel.'
The Evening World, 17 December 1903.
The phenomenon of a bolt of lightning from a snow permeated sky startled Capt. McKinstry of the White Star liner Teutonic, in from Liverpool and Queenstown, while she was in midocean on Sunday afternoon. There were muffled mutterings after the bolt had hit the truck of the liner's wooden the only vulnerable part of the foretop, mast, which is of hollow steel. The truck, through which signal halliards were rove was shattered and the halliards fell in a tangle.
The passengers, who were assembling for lunch in the saloon, were slightly disturbed by the crack of thunder. Capt. McKinstry was on the bridge with the third officer. When the flash and rumble came he thought at first that there had been another sort of an explosion than electrical other aboard. He had never seen lightning in a snowstorm before.
The Sun, 18 December 1903.
As the White Star Line steamship Teutonic made her way to her pier yesterday morning on her arrival here, she carried the happiest group of passengers that has entered this port in many days. Among her passengers to the number of 154 were the cabin passengers of the steamship Kroonland of the Red Star Line, which lost her rudder at sea in a terrific storm, and was barely able to creep back to Queenstown. The accident occurred shortly before midnight on Dec: 7, when the vessel was about 100 miles west of Fastnet. When the Teutonic arrived she was covered for half her length in a heavy coat Ice. The report was circulated yesterday that the phenomenon of lightning during a snowstorm had been observed from the vessel fast Sunday. The officers of the ship denied the report. First Officer Fox said:
'I was of the bridge on Sunday when the phenomenon is said to have been seen. There was lightning, but it was during a hailstorm, which is frequently observed at sea, and not in a snowstorm.'
The flash of lightning struck the forward masthead of the vessel, carrying away the truck, and dropping the flag halyards to the deck. The wooden head of the steel mast was split several inches down from the top.
The New York Times, 18 December 1903.
The storm persisted until 14 December 1903 and when conditions permitted, much of the damage caused by it could be repaired. One of the passengers, Mrs. Philip Holemans, in Second Class, who became ill shortly before the storm, and great aggravated by it and the lightening strike, and passed away two days later.
Adding another note of distinction to the voyage was Teutonic bringing in a great proportion of English Christmas mail, totalling 2,800 bags in all and constituting the largest number yet brought into The Port of New York by a single vessel. She also came in with $2,471,840 in gold consigned to various banks and financial houses.
With 65 First, 63 Second and 498 passengers, Teutonic sailed from New York on 23 December with 65 First, 62 Second and 498 Third Class passengers and a record mail consignment for Queenstown totalling 2,545 bags. Owing to some mix-up, and foiling local plans to handle all of it, Teutonic came into Queenstown on the 30th with just the Irish mail on deck and so after these 215 bags were taken off by tender, Teutonic proceeded to Liverpool with the remaining 2,637 bags. She reached Liverpool on New Year's Eve.
In 1903, Teutonic made 11 westbound crossings carrying 8,301 passengers and 12 eastbound crossings carrying 5,898 passengers or a total of 14,199 passengers.
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Teutonic ready to sail from Prince's Landing Stage, Liverpool with the White Star tender Magnetic in attendance. Credit: eBay auction photo.
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1904
Starting her first voyage of 1904, Teutonic cleared Liverpool on 6 January, and calling at Queenstown the following morning, went off with 51 First, 76 Second and 105 Third Class passengers. Sighted off Nantucket at 6:50 p.m. on the 13th, she arrived at New York the following morning.
Eastbound on 20 January 1904, there were 56 First, 54 Second and 237 Third Class aboard Teutonic as well as $522,500 in silver specie. Calling at Queenstown on the 27th, she left there at 1:40 p.m. and reached Liverpool the next morning.
Laid up at Liverpool for the months of February-March for her annual refitting, Teutonic returned to service with her sailing for New York on 30 March 1904 where she arrived on 7 April with 56 First, 93 Second and 677 Third Class. Among those landing was the Dowager Duchess of Marlborough, widow of Lord William Beresford.
Departing New York for Liverpool on 13 April 1904, Teutonic went out with 53 First, 56 Second and 168 Third Class aboard in addition to 905 bags of mail and $185,000 in specie. She arrived at Liverpool on the 20th.
Marking a return to busy immigration trade for the ship, Teutonic had 962 in Third Class aboard on departure from Liverpool on 27 April 1904 and Queenstown the next day in addition to 56 First and 93 Second Class. Arriving at New York on 5 May "after a stormy passage," The Evening World added that "the weather was so rough over that a ship golf tournament which had been arranged had to be abandoned."
Teutonic's New York layover had a bit of a scare when on 7 May 1904, fire broke out in a consignment of cotton at the adjacent Clyde Line pier. At one point, her crew prepared to move the ship into the river as billows of black smoke rolled over her. But the blaze was soon brought under control.
Homebound on 11 May 1904, Teutonic numbered Sir Gilbert Parker and Lady Parker, and Sir Gerald Strickland, Lady Strickland and daughters, among her 86 First, 131 Second and 303 Third Class passengers. Calling in at Queenstown on the 18th, sailing at 8:30 p.m., Teutonic reached Liverpool the next day.
They were 61 First, 120 Second and 455 Third Class passengers for Teutonic's 25 May 1904 crossing to New York where she arrived on 2 June.
The Mersey-bound Teutonic had 144 First, 191 Second and 472 Third Class, 1,800 bags of mail and $340,000 in specie on clearing New York on 8 June 1906. She reached Queenstown at 5:24 p.m. on the 15th and arrived at Liverpool the next day.
Passenger carryings lagged in 1904 despite another rate war with the German lines and there were just 57 First, 96 Second and 323 Third Class tickets sold for Teutonic's 22 June 1904 crossing to New York where she arrived on the 30th.

The rate war, slashing Third Class fares to $15 that summer, resulted in a near riot scene at the White Star pier before Teutonic's departure for Liverpool on 6 July. Over 150 showed up at the pier holding tickets for whom there was no space left aboard and "for a few minutes the police and the officials had their hands full keeping back the mob. Order was restored after some excitement. The persons left behind will be taken care of by the company or shipped on other lines if possible." (The Evening World, 6 July). Adding to a busy sailing were members of the Yale and Harvard track teams en route for a track and field meet against Oxford and Cambridge in London later that month. "Many graduates of the Crimson and the Blue went to the dock to bid the boys bon voyage and there were rah-rahs and other cheers galore when the big ship backed into the stream. " (The Sun, 7 July). In all, Teutonic went out with 195 First, 221 Second and 953 Third Class and arrived at Liverpool on the 14th.
With 98 First, 137 Second and 269 Third Class aboard on departure from Queenstown on 21 July 1904 (Liverpool on the 20th), Teutonic got into New York on the 28th, eliciting the New York Times to report: "The arrival of the White Star liner Teutonic on Wednesday interested many, as she brought in a very large passenger list. Among those on board were Mr. and Mrs. Frederick de Peyster and the Misses de Peyster."
The reduced Third Class rates spurred eastbound carryings in that class so that there were 665 for Teutonic's 3 August 1904 sailing from New York in addition to 82 First and 80 Second Class. Calling at Queenstown early in the afternoon of the 10th, she got into Liverpool on the 11th.
Figuring among those embarking Teutonic at Liverpool for America on 17 August 1904, were the Irish nationalist leaders and Members of Parliament Messrs. J. Redmond, A. Donelan and Patrick O'Brien: "A large number of representative men accompanied Messrs. Redmond, Dillion and O'Brien to the Teutonic and gave them a hearty send-off." (Liverpool Daily Post). On departure from Queenstown the next day, she had an excellent list of 208 First, 217 Second and 927 Third Class. On arrival at New York on the afternoon of the 24th, the Irish delegation was enthusiastically greeted off Quarantine.
The rate war continued unabated on the North Atlantic and on 19 August 1904 White Star countered similar reductions made by Cunard by slashing eastbound fares in First Class fares. Those for Teutonic and Majestic were cut from $85 one-way to $55. This and a flatlining of freight rates further cut into IMM's profits and to date, the combine had been a financial flop.
The last day of August 1904 found Teutonic clearing her North River berth that afternoon with 71 First, 116 Second and 483 Third Class passengers. Pausing at Queenstown on the morning of 7 September, she got into Liverpool the next day.
Another good list featured on Teutonic westbound sailing of 14 September 1904 which totalled 209 First, 172 Second and 967 Third Class. After what The Evening World described as a "placid and uneventful voyage," Teutonic arrived at New York on the 22nd. "There was a little excitement aboard the boat last Thursday when a number of women reported to the purser the loss of stick pins and brooches. It was believed for a time that sneak thief was among the passengers, but, according to Purser C.B. Lancaster, the missing jewels were discovered later in the staterooms where the women has mislaid them." (The Evening World, 22 September).
The homeward bound Teutonic went out from New York on 28 September 1904 with 51 First, 75 Second and 301 Third Class passengers, and came into the Mersey on 5 October.
For New York, with 102 First, 149 Second and a capacity list of 994 Third Class, Teutonic was a busier ship later in the season than its beginning, as she departed Liverpool on 12 October 1904 and Queenstown a day later. She got into New York the evening of the 19th.
With a considerably lighter list eastbound of 55 First, 56 Second and 221 Third Class, Teutonic left New York on 26 October 1904 and arrived at Liverpool on the evening of 2 November.
She arrived amid a swirl of rumours that the Russian Government "has bought or was negotiating for the purchase of the White Star liners Majestic and Teutonic" but the White Star said the "rumour is absolutely without foundation." In addition, it was doubted the British Government would release the ships from their potential duty as armed merchant cruisers and to be seen as assisting any of the parties of Russo-Japanese war. Also tied with speculation that Ballin was seeking to acquire the pair to replace the HAPAG ships already sold to Russia.
The managers of the White Star Line emphatically deny the rumour Herr Ballin has been negotiating for the purchase of the of steamers Majestic and Teutonic to replace the vessels of the Hamburg-American Line sold to Russia. No communication has passenger between Herr Ballin and the White Star managers. They also say the rumour of the probable sale of the steamers to the Russian Government is a baseless fabrication.
Jersey Evening Post, 1 November 1904.
Indeed, nothing came of these rumours although doubtless unrelated to them, Teutonic's scheduled 9 November 1904 voyage to New York did not occur and she remained at Liverpool, at branch no. 1, Canada Dock.
Resuming service, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 28 December 1904 for New York.
In 1904, Teutonic made 10 westbound crossings carrying 7,792 passengers and 9 eastbound crossings carrying 5,576 passengers or a total of 13,368 passengers.
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Teutonic, at New York, 1904. Credit: Maritime Quest. |
1905
Teutonic reached New York on 5 January 1905, landing 63 First, 51 Second and 507 Third Class passengers there, right after the worst blizzard to hit the city since 1888.
With 91 First, 85 Second and 265 Third Class passengers aboard, Teutonic left New York for Liverpool on 11 January 1905. Arriving at Queenstown the morning of the 18th, Teutonic once again set a trans-Atlantic mailship record, landing 2,899 bags, the biggest consignment yet brought into the port. Teutonic docked at Liverpool on the 19th.
The Marconi Company has entered into an agreement with the Oceanic Steam Navigation Company (Ltd.) (the White Star Line) for the equipment of six of the White Star Line vessels with Marconi wireless apparatus. The vessels to be fitted are the Oceanic, Celtic, Baltic, Cedric, Majestic and Teutonic. It is hoped that the first of these may be equipped in readiness for her voyage from Liverpool on Feb. 1. The remainder of the vessels are intended to be fitted at short intervals after that date. When the above-mentioned boats have equipped practically all the Atlantic liners of the first-class chipping companies will be carrying Marconi apparatus.
The Sunday People, 15 January 1905.
Teutonic passed out of the Mersey on 25 January 1905 and after calling at Queenstown the next day, proceeded westward with 55 First, 90 Second and 381 Third Class passengers, a fine list for the season. Indeed, the rigours of winter, whilst absent on the crossing over, were present on arrival at New York on 2 February where the whole of the harbour was filled with huge cakes of ice. She was a full hour in getting from Quarantine to her pier at the foot of W. 11th Street and another hour spent crunching her way alongside.
With 60 First, 50 Second and 155 Third Class, 1,200 bags of mail and $332,000 in specie, Teutonic sailed from a still icy New York on 8 February 1905 and arrived at Liverpool on the 15th.
From Liverpool (22 February 1905) and Queenstown (23), Teutonic arrived at New York on 2 March 1905 and among her 44 First, 103 Second and 603 Third Class passengers was Rider Haggard, the great English writer of African adventures and proponent of land reform in the Empire.
There were few takers for Teutonic's eastbound sailing of 8 March 1905: 55 First, 44 Second and 119 Third who faced atrocious weather on arrival off the Irish coast. It was so rough off Queenstown on the 15th that Teutonic had to come into the inner harbour to land her mails and passengers with 74 mph winds sweeping the usual anchorage for liners outside. Arriving at 1:54 p.m., she was able to sail for Liverpool at 3:10 p.m., getting in there the next morning.
With an excellent Third Class list of 962 in addition to 34 First and 109 Second Class, Teutonic cleared Liverpool the afternoon of 22 March 1905 for New York where she arrived the afternoon of the 30th.
Teutonic left New York on 5 April 1905 with 52 First, 72 Second and 150 Third Class passengers. During this crossing, believed to be her first with her new wireless installation, she was able to warn the N.D.L. liner Kaiser Wilhelm of icebergs she encountered on the 9th:
The New York correspondent of the Daily Telegraph cabled on Wednesday: -With the arrival here of the North German Lloyd steamer Kaiser Wilhelm a fresh illustration has been given of the advantages of wireless telegraphy. While endeavouring to make a record April passage, and going full speed, she received warning an eastward bound liner, the White Star's Teutonic, telling her of dangerous icebergs lying straight in the path of the westward speeding racer. Fog became dense about the same time, and the German captain reduced speed one half. This was on Saturday night. On Sunday morning the Kaiser Wilhelm sighted the dangerous icebergs, two lying direct in the path of the vessel. Some hours elapsed before the danger was left behind. Captain on arriving here, cabled to Captain Kinetry [sic], for of his the Teutonic, thanking him heartily friendly warning.
Liverpool Echo, 13 April 1905.
Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on 13 April 1905.
On departure from Queenstown on 20 April 1905, Teutonic had another heavy list of 882 Third Class passengers for New York in addition to 113 First and 117 Second Class where she arrived on the 27th. "The White Star Line steamer Teutonic, which arrived from Liverpool and Queenstown yesterday, was not In dancer of collision with the Atlantic Transport Line steamer Minneapolis on the outward voyage, us reported. Captain McKinstry said the steamers were in wireless communication for a long time, but were not at any time within fifty miles of each other. Among the passengers on board were Sir George Armytage, a prominent railway man. and other delegates to the Railway Congress." (New York Tribune, 28 April 1905).
Teutonic cleared New York on 3 May 1905 ith 84 First, 83 Second and 218 Third Class passenger and calling at Queenstown on the 10th, came into Liverpool the next morning.
With 66 First, 85 Second and 682 Third Class passengers aboard on departure from Queenstown 18 May 1905 and Liverpool the previous day, Teutonic arrived at New York on the 25th, and reported passing a large ice berg on the 21st. Sadly, a passenger gave birth at sea to two twins, a boy and a girl, who died shortly after birth and were buried at sea. Among those landing was Miss Katie Norrie, the fiance of Capt. Coffin of the Prince Line's British Prince, on the New York-South American run. They were married shortly after Teutonic arrived.
The twins were born on the Teutonic last Saturday morning, and it had decided to name the boy Teutonia and the girl Atlanta. The tiny lad, however, only lived six hours. The girl survived him nineteen hours, dying Sunday morning. At sundown the babes were buried at sea, Purser Lancaster and Dr. F.J. McAuliffe officiating at the service. The cabin and steerage passengers mingled together at the last rites.
The Evening World, 25 May 1905.
Beginning her homeward crossing on 31 May 1905, Teutonic pulled away from her North River pier with 153 First, 159 Second and 220 Third Class passengers. Enjoying another in a succession of fair weather passages, she arrived at Liverpool on the 8th.
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Credit: The Evening World, 22 June 1905. |
The emigrant rush over for the summer, Teutonic left Liverpool with only 51 First, 91 Second and 409 Third Class on 14 June 1905. They arrived on the 22nd to an enhanced customs search and examination when it was suspected a smuggler was aboard with more than $100,000 in diamonds in his possession. To this end, two detectives board Teutonic off Nantucket to begin their search well before she got into New York. Not "finding their man," the inspectors left the ship off Sandy Hook but cabin passengers endured "exceptionally careful examination of their personal effects" on the pier.
There was a good summertime saloon list for Teutonic's 28 June 1905 departure from New York with 277 First and 176 Second Class as well as 285 Third who arrived at Liverpool on 6 July.
This would be Capt. McKinstry's final voyage commanding Teutonic and ending a career with White Star Line that began in 1887 and an association with Teutonic dating to her introduction, he serving as her Chief Officer then. McKinstry was appointed as marine superintendent to the City of Dublin Steamship Company on 19 July 1905.
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Credit: The Evening World, 27 July 1905. |
Now commanded by Capt. J.B. Ransom, formerly of Cedric, Teutonic departed Liverpool on 19 July 1905, and after clearing Queenstown, had aboard 124 First, 140 Second and 410 Third Class passengers for New York where she docked on the 27th. Among those landing was nine-year-old Violet Bradshaw, of Witham, Essex, England, well into a 6,000-mile-long trip, on her own, to British Columbia, to join her father there; "she came in the second cabin and ruled over it as queen, by popular consent." (The Evening World, 27 July).
What the New York Tribune (29 July 1905) described as "a small but lively blaze," broke aboard Teutonic alongside her North River pier around 6:00 p.m. 28 July 1905, in the electrician's room.
In his report to headquarters Acting Battalion Chief McGuire said that there had been only slight damage done to the ship.
John Lee, manager of the company, after an inspection of the ship, also said that there had been no damage outside of the gutting of the electrician's room.
Three of the crew had to be carried by the firemen out of the hold of the ship. No one was seriously overcome.
The fireboat McClellan had a four-inch line on the vessel for an hour, while the land forces stretched in two lines. In spite of this great volume of water Mr. Lee said that even the water damage would be slight, as the ship's pumps took out the water as fast as the engines threw the water into the ship.
Robert Dempsey, the chief electrician, was using a sulphur compound as a disinfectant. In some way the contents of his room became ignited. Dense volumes of stifling smoke poured through the vessel amidships. Dempsey ran on deck and gave the alarm to Captain John B. Ranson, who immediately ordered the crew to the standpipes.
When the water had smothered the flames somewhat McGuire heard a shout for help coming from a room beyond the electrician's. He forced his way through the flame and smoke that spouted along the bridge, and found John Burns, the storekeeper, overcome by the smoke. He had tried to fight his way past the flames, but was driven back at each attempt. He finally carried him along the bridge to the ladder, and with the assistance of other of the men from Truck 12 got him to the deck. He was soon resuscitated.
Meanwhile Firemen Yarrow and McManus, also of Truck No. 12, heard shouts below where they were fighting the fire. They groped their way down another ladder, where they found Thomas Ryan and John Connor, stokers, trying to fight their way up out of the stokehold to the deck. Both were carried on the shoulders of the firemen up the three ladders to the deck.
With the great volume of water being poured into the ship there was slight chance for the flames. The firemen believed that there had been vital damage done to the dynamos and other electrical equipment, as well as to the main engines, by the tons of water that flooded the amidships section.
'I believe,' said Mr. Lee later, 'that the dynamos were on the other side of the ship, and in this way escaped the flood. 1 am sure that every light was burning when I left her, and that the electrical equipment was working. There is no question that she will sail on Wednesday, as scheduled.'
New York Tribune, 29 July 1905.
The New York Times of 29 July 1905 reported on the damage wrought by the fire:
When at last the flames, which attacked the port engine room and the cabins of the ship's storekeeper, John Burns, and Electrician Dempsey, were extinguished, an examination by the Fire Department showed that the two cabins were badly burned, while in the engine room most of the felt casing and woodwork that protect the great high and low pressure and the intermediate cylinders had been burned away and other pieces of combustible material used to protect the engines were destroyed.
Despite the contrary reports that ware to be heard on all sides in the waterfront streets concerning the damage to the Teutonic, those of the officers who would talk said that the liner probably would be ready to sail next Wednesday morning. The engine, they declared, was not very badly damaged, and they were equally positive that the electrical apparatus with a. little work would be as good as ever. After the fire the burned part of the ship was overhauled, all the burned and scorched portions of the woodwork were removed while the other parts of the compartments effected were thoroughly inspected. Not a spark was found.
It was also recalled that just six weeks previously, Majestic had a fire whilst alongside at Liverpool but was far more seriously damaged and missed a round trip undergoing repairs.
On schedule, Teutonic departed New York for Queenstown and Liverpool 2 August 1905 with 134 First, 147 Second and 232 Third Class passengers. Calling at Queenstown on the 9th, she arrived at Liverpool the following day.
With another new commander, Capt. T.P. Thompson, formerly of Arabic, and with 186 First, 212 Second and 394 Third Class passengers embarking at Liverpool (16 August 1905) and Queenstown (17), Teutonic steamed westwards for New York on a routine crossing only enlivened by the passengers sighting a large school of whales. She arrived at New York the evening of the 23rd.
From New York on 30 August 1905, Teutonic took out 41 First, 76 Second and 145 Third Class passengers and arrived at Liverpool the evening of 6 September.
Due to depart Liverpool again for New York on 13 September 1905, this was cancelled the day before "owing to an accident to her machinery," and Teutonic's New York mails transferred to the Kronprinz Wilhelm departing the that day from Southampton. Teutonic's sailing would be put forward to the 15th, going out the same day as Cedric, and sailing at 9:00 p.m.. It was latter revealed that a crank shaft pin had broken.
The rescheduling conspired to make 15 September 1905 a memorable day in the history of Liverpool and indeed White Star with no fewer than three of their ships-- Baltic, Republic and Teutonic at or right off Prince's Landing Stage:
It is not unlikely that to-day will be regarded, at least among Liverpool Landing Stage habitues, as 'White Star Day.' This is owing to the fact that three of the largest steamers of this line came into the river, and were practically alongside each other one time. No such array of great Atlantic liners has previously simultaneously been seen, although great White Star and Cunard boats have frequently been end-to-end along the margin of the Prince's Stage. The Baltic, the biggest ship in the world, was at the Stage during the afternoon, her great length and graceful lines being much admired. Close to, but in the river, were the Teutonic, which had been delayed, owing to mishap to her machinery, from Wednesday till to day; while the Republic in near proximity. The Republic and the Teutonic were outward bound for New York, while the Baltic was from the westward.
Liverpool Echo, 15 September 1905.
Among Teutonic's passengers (271 First, 166 Second and 470 Third) for New York was J. Bruce Ismay, "his journey is believed to be in connection with an important scheme for the reconstruction of the Atlantic combine." (Evening Standard, 15 September 1905). One intending passenger at Queenstown, John Renton, was arrested on the liner before she sailed by detectives, on a felony charge. Teutonic had a $130,000 consignment of gold for Lazard Freres. It was a return to the ocean racing of her youth for Teutonic, only this time against her fleetmate Celtic:
The White Star liner Teutonic arrived in port today after having beaten her sister ship the Celtic, out of sight in the race across the ocean. She was to have sailed last Wednesday week, but a break of a crank shaft pin delayed the calling until Friday of that week.
Owing to the repairs the ship was forced to glow on Sunday and Monday. On Sunday she went for eight hours at half spend and a good part of Monday at the same speed. The machinery then got in working order and she travelled at a fast clip for the rest of the distance
On Sunday, while going at half speed the Celtic which had started after the Teutonic, churned past her. E.H. Murray, a passenger on the Teutonic, received a wireless from a friend, Sir Ernest Corcoran, on the Celtic. Sir Ernest 'kidded' Mr. Murray on his being left, and asked in the message if Mr. Murray wanted a tow line.
Mr Murray responded in the same vein, saying: 'Never mind, we are going on engine. If we need help, will let you know.'
On Wednesday when the Teutonic was going a full speed again she caught up with the Celtic and passed her. Then Mr. Murray got back at his friend:
'How about the tow line now?' he asked Sir Ernest in a wireless.
'Drinks are on me,' the Baronet is said to have sent back. The Celtic with the joking Baronet will be in until to-night, or possibly to-morrow morning.
The Evening World, 23 September 1905.
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Log abstract card for Teutonic's 15-22 September 1905 Liverpool-New York crossing. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
What many of the passengers called transatlantic race ended yesterday morning when the White Star liner Teutonic passed in at Sandy Hook. The Teutonic's in the race the Celtic, of the rival same line, which followed her into port twelve, hours later.
Both vessels sailed from Liverpool a week ago Friday. The Teutonic was to have sailed the Wednesday before, but was delayed to have her machinery repaired. For three days out of Liverpool the Teutonic proceeded at reduced speed, the engineers not wishing to crowd on steam until the machinery got in perfect tune.
The New York Times, 24 September 1905.
Teutonic came into New York Harbor on 23 September 1905 after showing a clean pair of heels to Celtic which finally arrived 12 hours after her elder but resolutely swifter compatriot.
With a meagre list of 34 First, 49 Second and 141 Third Class passengers, Teutonic departed New York on 27 September 1905. She went out with no mail, that being carried by Kronzprinz Wilhelm which had carried them on her outward trip. Teutonic got into Queenstown first thing on 3 October and arrived at Liverpool on the 4th.
On what would be her final voyage of the year, Teutonic cleared the Mersey on 11 October 1905 with 100 First, 207 Second and 443 Third Class passengers. She arrived at New York on the evening of the 18th but in such heavy fog, she was obliged to anchor for the night off Quarantine, coming alongside the following morning.
The eastbound Teutonic sailed from New York on 25 October 1905 with 58 First, 61 Second and 134 Third Class passengers, among them Sir Charles Kirkpatrick, Fred H. Milnes, captain and the Pilgrims, the squad of English Association football players returning from what the New York Times called "missionary work" in the United States and Canada to introduce "soccer" to the general public. Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the morning of 2 November.
In 1905, Teutonic made 10 westbound crossings carrying 8,619 passengers and 11 eastbound crossings carrying 4,115 passengers or a total of 12,734 passengers.
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Teutonic tinted postcard. Credit: Hippostcard.com |
1906
Back into service after her now traditional late autumn/early winter refit, Teutonic sailed for New York on 24 January 1906, and calling at Queenstown, headed west with 38 First, 55 Second and 211 Third Class. She arrived at New York on 1 February.
Teutonic was Mersey-bound at 10:00 a.m. on 7 February 1906 with 61 First, 58 Second and 131 Third Class passengers, among them being Jack White, British golf champion of 1904. Teutonic called at Queenstown on the 14th and arrived Liverpool the next day.
With a small list of 43 First, 88 Second and 335 Third Class on departure from Queenstown at 1:55 p.m. 22 February 1906 (Liverpool the previous day), Teutonic arrived at New York on 1 March.
From New York on 7 March 1906, Teutonic went out with 43 First, 59 Second and 105 Third Class. Landing a large consignment of mail (1,900 bags) at Queenstown on the 14th, she also had aboard $800,000 in specie (totalling 45 tons) which was dispatched to London Euston on arrival at Liverpool on the 15th by special train.

With a near record for the ship, Teutonic's 21 March 1906 sailing for New York from Liverpool and Queenstown, went out with 1,017 Third Class passengers in addition to 57 First and 117 Second Class. On arrival at New York on the 29th, Teutonic's Third Class disembarkation was just part of a record total of 11,383 arriving immigrants that single day in seven ships: Graf Waldersee (2,537), Rhein (2,399), Cretic (2,100), Citta di Milano (1,298), Pisa (1,282), Brooklyn (750) and Teutonic's 1,017. The previous record of 7,200 was set in March 1904. Since Ellis Island could only accommodate 5,000 a day for processing, many had to spend a night aboard their ships on arrival. Some were more appealing than others, The Evening World reporting "Teutonic, from Liverpool, Brings a Big Batch of Rosy Cheeked Colleens."
Teutonic's eastbound crossing, commencing on 4 April 1906, had 67 First, 95 Second and 360 Third Class, among them Miss Maxine Elliott, English actress. Teutonic, after calling at Queenstown on the 11th, arrived Liverpool the next day.
Off for America on 18 April 1906, Teutonic had 42 First, 152 Second and, remarkably, the identical number of Third Class… 1,017… as her previous westbound trip. This trip, her consignment of $1mn. in gold caused the most interest and apparent confusion:
Half a dozen animal dealers rushed to the dock of the White Star steamer Teutonic yesterday morning with wallets bulging in anticipation of a lively struggle in bidding for 'thirty-five, cages of eagles,' which were listed among the liner's cargo.
'Got to get about forty of those eagles,' said one dealer to another. Good business in eagles on Broadway just now.
' Sure.' said the other, the eagle market is dead ripe.'
They nosed about the dock and finally found the purser.
'How about those birds?'" ask one. "
'What birds?' replied the purser.
'Those eagles,' said the dealers.
'Oh, yes, the eagles.' said the purser with a laugh. They're cuckoos, all right. Come on, I'll show you some of 'em.'
He took the dealers inside and showed them thirty-five strong boxes loaded with gold eagles. Gentlemen, their face value is $1,000,000, said the purser with a wink.Now go ahead and bid.' The dealers vanished.
The confusion arose because the money had been listed as cages instead lot cases. It was a shipment of gold for the Hanover National Bank from Liverpool.
New York Times, 27 April 1906.
Teutonic left New York on 2 May 1906 with 71 First, 113 Second and 210 Third Class passengers, including Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke, director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, bound for a major art sale in Paris, as well as meeting with J.P. Morgan, one of the museum's trustees. Teutonic called at Queenstown on the 9th and got into Liverpool the next day.
After enjoying a remarkable period of routine, fair weather crossings, Teutonic's luck ran out on her next westbound one and at a time of year when least expected. Departing Liverpool on 16 May 1906, and from Queenstown the next day, her 67 First, 97 Second and 803 Third Class passengers enjoyed fair conditions until the 22nd when approaching the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, she hit a severe gale with winds of hurricane strength, so strong that it blew a crewman out of the crow's nest and 20 ft. onto the deck below, injuring him. Teutonic arrived at New York on the 24th.
After weathering a gale unusually severe for this season of the year, the Teutonic, of the White Star Line, arrived in port to-day.
The Teutonic ran into the gale last Tuesday and weltered through it until midnight. Arthur Duerbin, a sailor, was injured. He was sent to the crow's nest, on the foremast, by Capt. Thompson and was blown out of the little perch before had time to lash himself to it. He fell about twenty feet to the top of the deckhouse and was still in the sick to-day suffering from shock and contusions.
The Evening World, 24 May 1906.
The White Star steamship Teutonic, which got her from Liverpool yesterday morning, reported that the voyage was the roughest for the time of year that she had ever had. The passengers were seldom on deck because of mountainous seas that came aboard.
The Sun, 25 May 1906.
Making yet another crossing in her, J.P. Morgan, and Mrs. Morgan, were among the 126 First, 114 Second and 196 Third Class passengers embarking Teutonic at New York on 30 May 1906. She came into Queenstown at 10:30 a.m. on 5 June, landing some passengers and all mails there and proceeded at 11:30 a.m. for Liverpool where she arrived early the next day.
Off again to New York, Teutonic cleared the Mersey on 13 June 1906 and following her call at Queenstown the following morning, went across with 45 First, 98 Second and 495 Third Class and arrived on the 20th.
On her eastbound return, from New York on 27 June 1906, Teutonic had 234 First, 165 Second and 248 Third Class passengers. Calling at Queenstown, 10:51 a.m.-11:40 a.m. on 3 July, Teutonic came into Liverpool the following day: "There is considerable movement in the Atlantic trade to-day. This morning the Saxonia, of the Cunard Line, and the Teutonic, of the White Star Line, arrived in the port from New York. Both vessels carried a considerable number of passengers in all classes. Beautiful weather prevailed at the time of disembarkation, and quite a crowd of sightseers assembled on the stage." (Evening Express, 5 July 1906).
Passing out of the Mersey on 11 July 1906, and departing Queenstown the next day at 12:47 p.m., Teutonic had 87 First, 122 Second and 443 Third Class aboard for New York where she arrived on the 19th.
With 115 First, 179 Second and 344 Third Class, Teutonic pulled out her North River pier on 25 July 1906 for Queenstown and Liverpool, arriving at the latter on 1 August.
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Credit: Evening Express, 17 August 1906. |
Teutonic was again westbound from Liverpool on 8 August 1906 and Queenstown (9) with 156 First, 205 Second and 351 Third Class . Her stay at Queenstown was a longer one (7:50 a.m.-12:50 p.m.) owing to the mail train being 32 minutes late. It was another rough crossing and on Sunday, (12th), she hit a northwesterly gale, "of almost cyclonic force, cleared the promenade decks, forcing every one to their cabins. The gale broke about noon, and kept everybody below for four hours. It then ceased as suddenly as it began. Giant waves broke over the navigating bridge, and the deck forward was constantly awash. This occurred in latitude 48.21 North, longitude 41.54 West. The run that day was only 409 miles. " (Evening Express, 17 August).
After a miserable crossing occupying eight days, Teutonic and her weary passengers, finally docked at New York at 6:00 p.m. on 12 August 1906. She had averaged 18.6 knots across and her best day's run was 467 miles. Among her landing passengers was J.W. Beatty, director of fine arts of the Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, returning from an acquisition trip in Europe.
Making another voyage in the ship, the Dowager Duchess of Marlborough, was among the 46 First, 80 Second and 192 Third Class passengers sailing from New York in Teutonic on 22 August 1906. She got into Liverpool on the 30th.
With an excellent list for New York totalling 267 First, 169 Second and 715 Third Class, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool 5 September 1906, and Queenstown on the 6th, docking at New York at 4:30 p.m. on the 12th. The Evening Express (13th) provided another superb summation of the crossing over: "The White Star liner Teutonic arrived at New York yesterday afternoon after a voyage lasting 6 days 4 hours She landed 1,150 passengers. Fairly calm weather was was experienced throughout. In mid-Atlantic it fine and clear, with a moderate head sea, and on Tuesday heavy squalls. The best day's run was 482 miles, and the average 463 miles." Among her arrivals was Hungarian opera star Mme. Elza Szamosy, who was to appear in Henry W. Savage's production of "Madame Butterfly."
It was a light list eastbound for the liner-- 50 First, 65 Second and 192 Third Class-- which departed New York on 19 September 1906, called at Queenstown the morning of the 26th and arrived at Liverpool on the 27th.
Westbound lists remained stronger and there were 1,158 takers (145 First, 270 Second and 743 Third Class) for Teutonic's 3 October 1906 sailing for New York, among them being Forbes Robertson and Gertrude Elliott and the London company that would put on George Bernard Shaw's "Caesar and Cleopatra" at New York's New Amsterdam Theatre. They reached New York on the 11th.
Bound for Queenstown and Liverpool with a desultory list of 30 First, 55 Second and 155 Third Class, Teutonic departed New York on 17 October 1906. She went out without the Canadian mails when the 79-bag consignment arrived at the pier after she had sailed. Teutonic got into Queenstown at the unusual hour of 1:45 a.m. on the 24th and sailed for Liverpool at 2:25 a.m., to arrive by midday.
Beginning her final voyage of the year, Teutonic left Liverpool on 31 October 1906, and Queenstown the next day, with 69 First, 152 Second and 591 Third Class passengers, among them Madeleine Lucette Ryley, authoress of Mice and Men, and husband, R.H. Ryley, on a round-the-world tour. Teutonic arrived at New York on 7 November.
Homewards on 14 November 1906, Teutonic cleared New York with 104 First, 113 Second and 172 Third Class passengers. However, when she arrived off Queenstown on the morning of the 21st, it was so rough she could not land passengers or mails there and proceeded direct to Liverpool, Cunard's Saxonia, arriving from Boston, was similarly effected and she, too, went straight to Liverpool, arriving that late afternoon.
In 1906, Teutonic made 11 westbound crossings carrying 9,262 passengers and 11 eastbound crossings carrying 4,348 passengers or a total of 13,610 passengers.
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Teutonic at Prince's Landing Stage. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
1907
Teutonic's annual overhaul was shorter than usual and she resumed service before the year was over, with her departure from Liverpool on Boxing Day, and Queenstown the next day, going out with 45 First, 67 Second and 269 Third Class. New Years Day was rung in with a strike by White Star Line's cargo checkers at New York after a reduction in their wages from 30 to 25 cents an hour. By the time Teutonic arrived there, late on 3 January 1907, only half the checkers were off the job at Pier 48 and 49 and caused some delay to her initial unloading and that of Bovic.

During Teutonic's New York layover came the bombshell announcement on 6 January 1907 that coinciding with the introduction of the fourth of the Celtic-class, Adriatic, that May, the company's express service would be completely rerouted to emulate that of American Line with its British terminal changed from Liverpool to Southampton, adding a Continental call, Cherbourg, as well as one at Plymouth (eastbound) to effectively compete with the German lines. The traditional Wednesday departure from Britain and New York would be maintained and the new routing would be:
Westbound: Southampton-Cherbourg-Queenstown-New York
Eastbound: New York-Plymouth-Cherbourg-Southampton
This "United States and Royal Mail Service" would be maintained weekly by the new Adriatic, Oceanic, Majestic and Teutonic effective with the departure of Adriatic from Southampton on 8 May 1907 and from New York on 22 May.
The historic Liverpool service would, however, continue, with sailings on both sides on Thursdays, with calls at Queenstown in both directions and held down by Baltic, Cedric, Celtic and Arabic.
There will be only one feeling in Liverpool to day upon the announcement that the four best passenger steamers of White Star Line are to be taken off the New York service and transferred to Southampton. The news must occasion universal and deep regret. In addition to reducing employment in Liverpool and taking away some profitable trade. the withdrawal of the Adriatic, Majestic, Oceanic, and Teutonic will inflict a severe blow upon the prestige of Liverpool as the foremost British port for the American trade.
Liverpool Daily Post, 7 January 1907.
Southampton has made a bold bid for the position of premier passenger port of kingdom, and the transfer of the White Star liners is an admission that its pretensions cannot be ignored by those companies which hitherto have remained aloof.
Southampton's star was never more in the than it at the present moment, und for this happy state of things we have to thank the South-Western Company for their wisdom and foresight, and for their determination to place the port in perfectly unassailable position.
Southampton Daily Echo, 7 January 1907.
It was a momentous decision, causing, according the New York Times, "much chagrin in Liverpool" and indeed it was the first in series of moves that would gradually reduce the Mersey port as the pre-eminent passenger port and would also see the beginning of a diminishing of the fortunes of American Line with IMM which had pioneered using Southampton as their base and was their major marketing advantage. Now IMM would have two lines effectively competing against one another and with White Star already seen as the "premier" unit of the combine, the fate of American Line was effectively sealed.
With 80 First, 83 Second and 198 Third Class passengers and 1,281 bags of mail, Teutonic departed New York on 9 January 1907 and arrived at Queenstown the morning of the 17th and Liverpool the next day.
Sailing from Liverpool on 23 January 1907 and Queenstown the next day, Teutonic had 74 First, 139 Second and 299 Third Class passengers for New York where she docked on the 31st. One of her passengers landing there was Emil Boas of HAPAG who gave details of the new liner Europa being built by Harland & Wolff, of 44,000-grt, 750 ft. by 80 ft. beam.
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Log abstract card for Teutonic 6-13 February 1907 New York-Liverpool crossing. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
The eastbound Teutonic left New York on 6 February 1907 with 98 First, 59 Second and 153 Third Class. After "a rather rough passage," (Irish Times), she arrived at Queenstown on the afternoon of the 14th, coming in with an enormous consignment of mail totalling 2,755 bags, all of which was landed there and requiring a special train of 11 vans which conveyed the mail to Dublin, then steamer to Holyhead and another special train direct to London arriving the next morning. Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 15th.
Due to sail from Liverpool on 20 February 1907, Teutonic was unable to get out of her dock there owing to a ferocious gale sweeping up the Mersey from the Irish Sea and missing the morning tide on account of the wind. Not able to embark her passengers at Prince's Landing Stage, they instead were conveyed to the dock to embark there with hopes of departing on the afternoon tide. With no abatement in the wind, she and her passengers were stuck for the night and she did not sail until the following morning. Teutonic left Queenstown on the 21st with 74 First, 139 Second and 504 Third Class. The weather across proved no kinder and Teutonic ran into a southwesterly gale on the 24th which blew through the 28th, reducing her speed to five knots for many hours. At the height of the storm, a Third Class passenger, Mrs. Antonio Willinski, gave birth to a child who sadly died a few hours later and buried at sea. A full day and half late, Teutonic finally got into New York on 1 March after logging 7 days 4 hours from Liverpool. Among those landing was George Von L. Meyer, former American ambassador to Russia, and recently appointed Postmaster General and en route to Washington to be sworn in.
There were 59 First, 56 Second and 171 Third Class takers for Teutonic's 6 March 1906 sailing from New York and she arrived at Liverpool on the 14th.
Teutonic had a nearly full list of 966 in Third Class on her departure from Queenstown on 21 March 1907 (from Liverpool the previous day) as well as 49 First and 210 Second Class. She got into New York on the 28th.
Admiral Lord Charles Beresford was among the 42 First, 70 Second and 197 Third Class passengers embarking Teutonic at New York on 3 April 1907. Callling at Queenstown on the afternoon of the 10th, she arrived at Liverpool the following day.
With a new commander, Capt. H. Smith, R.N.R., formerly of Cymric, Teutonic cleared Liverpool on 17 April 1907. Many of her saloon passengers were Americans transshipping from Arabic which returned that day from her 70-day Mediterranean cruise. After calling at Queenstown the next day, Teutonic had 91 First, 240 Second and 1,002 Third Class. She got into New York on the 25th.
Having aboard 89 First, 130 Second and 247 Third Class passengers, Teutonic left New York on 1 May 1907 for Liverpool for the very last time. Among those aboard were the actor John Glendinning and his bride, the actress Jessie Millward, who met playing in the same company whilst in the States. The voyage got off to a tragic start when off Sandy Hook, a passenger, Joseph Briggs, jumped overboard in an apparent suicide and was drowned. Teutonic came in the Mersey the morning of the 9th, part of a veritable fleet of arriving liners that included Lake Erie, Frieseland and Oropesa.
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Credit: Irish Independent, 14 February 1907. |
The present month will long be remembered with feelings of regret by Liverpool. It marks transference of the four mail steamers of the White Star Company from the Mersey port, with which the line has so long been identified, to Southampton, whence on the 5th of next month the new service will be inaugurated from the English Channel port to New York. Last Wednesday the Adriatic set out from Liverpool on her maiden voyage, and on the eastern trip her destination will be Southampton. Yesterday the Teutonic made her last run from the Mersey, and she will be followed on the 22nd by the Oceanic and on the 29th by the Majestic. These four vessels, in the order named, are to maintain the Southampton-Cherbourg-New York service, calling at Queenstown going west and at Plymouth on the eastern run.
Many of the families of the men engaged on the transferred liners are preparing to migrate to the Southern port, which during the next month or so will have its population augmented by several thousands from Liverpool.
Evening Herald, 17 May 1907.
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Credit: Liverpool Daily Post, 16 May 1907. |
Bidding farewell to the Mersey, Teutonic (Capt. Harry Smith) sailed from Liverpool on her final voyage from the port to New York on 15 May 1907 and her last call at Queenstown the following day. It was an eventful voyage when off the Grand Banks of Newfoundland on the 21st, fire broke out a suite of First Class cabins, fortunately unoccupied at the time:
The White Star steamship Teutonic, which arrived to-day, had quite a fire scare aboard while off the banks on Tuesday last.
One of the stewards while ringing the gong for dinner saw smoke coming from one of the suites of rooms. The chief steward was quickly notified and he rang the alarm calling the ship's fire brigade into action. It was found that one of the state cabins, a suite of three rooms, was filled with smoke and that lively little fire was burning. Owing to the fact that the flames were for the most part inside the woodwork, It took three quarters of an hour to subdue them. The ceiling and wall, or bulkhead, were damaged to the extent of $2,000.
Capt. Harry Smith directed the firefighters and the stewards devoted themselves to quieting the passengers. They were successful in preventing a panic. All on board were excited until the Captain announced that the fire was out. It was believed defective electric insulation started the blaze. The damaged suite was unoccupied.
The Evening World, 23 May 1907.
That same day, a passenger, Walter E. Pegg, aged 26, from Nottingham, died suddenly in his cabin.
Teutonic arrived at New York on 23 May 1907 amid a longshoremen's strike but this was on the wane by the time she got in and her coaling and loading for her outbound voyage was able to continue without too much delay.
The second White Star liner (the first being Adriatic on the return portion of her maiden voyage) to sail on the new service from New York to Plymouth, Cherbourg and Southampton, Teutonic departed on 29 May 1907, passing Sandy Hook at noon, with 117 First, 113 Second and 99 Third Class passengers, 1,069 bags of mail for Plymouth and $370,000 in specie. "After the three days out, which were stormy, fine weather prevailed." (Western Morning News). Teutonic made her maiden arrival at Plymouth at 5:08 p.m. on 5 June where she landed her mails and 45 passengers before departing for Cherbourg at 5:40 p.m. where she arrived late that evening amid a shipping strike but did not prevent the tenders from servicing her, Adriatic, Kronprinz Wilhelm and Deutschland. Teutonic made her maiden arrival at her new homeport of Southampton at noon on the 6th.
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Fake news (or rather photo) c. 1907: what is captioned as "Teutonic lies at the Test Quay at the docks," is actually a pre 1897 photo of the ship anchored in the Mersey complete with gaffs on her masts! Credit: Southampton Times and Hampshire Express, 8 June 1907. |
The second steamer in the new inaugurated mail service between Southampton and New York by the White Star Line arrived at Southampton on Thursday afternoon. The liner was the Teutonic, of 9,984 tons. She made a first rate trip, and is very speedy and comfortably boat indeed. Her skipper is Commander H. Smith (Lieut., R.N.R.). There were a good number of persons assembled on the quay to welcome the liner, and a capital view was obtained of her as she swung around at the dock head and came alongside berth no. 39, stern first, in order to be ready to sail without any preliminaries on Wednesday. The Teutonic brought a good number of passengers and specie, the mails being landed at Plymouth.
Hampshire Advertiser, 8 June 1907.
The White Star liner Teutonic-- the second steamer to arrive at Southampton in connection with the mail service-- was successfully berthed at about noon on Thursday in the presence of a large number of interested spectators. The vessel, of course, is not as large as the Adriatic, but she is nevertheless a fine steamer. She was built at Belfast towards the end of the nineties, and whilst she was mainly designed as a mail and passenger steamer, she was also built with a view to conversion into an armed cruiser. This was also the case in regard to the Majestic, and both vessels were received by Mother Ocean about the same time.
The Teutonic, which is just under 10,000 tons, is commanded by Captain H. Smith, and she made a very good passage across the Atlantic. As was the case when the Adriatic arrived, the tide was low when the vessel came up the Water. The Teutonic did not run straight into her berth at No. 39, but when off the Dock Head she was turned, apparently with the greatest ease, and she entered her berth stern first. The vessel had a large number of passengers on board and these proceeded to London by special train.
It is understood that the vessel will be dry -docked this week-end. The steamer will leave, again for New York next Wednesday, when she will have a full complement of passengers
Southampton Times and Hampshire Express, 8 June 1907.
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Teutonic in Trafalgar Dry Dock, Southampton. Credit: Pamlin Prints. |
Teutonic was drydocked at Trafalgar Dry Dock no. 6 on 8 June 1907.
We are settling down again after the excitement occasioned by the presence of the new White Star liner Adriatic. Her departure was followed by the arrival of the Teutonic although this vessel is considerably smaller than the former vessel. She sailed again on Wednesday, and, during her short stay, has been drydocked.
Hampshire Advertiser, 15 June 1907.
On her first westbound voyage from Southampton, Teutonic cleared her Test Quay berth at 11:00 a.m. on 12 June 1907 for Cherbourg, Queenstown (13) and New York where she arrived on the 20th with 85 First, 99 Second and 248 Third Class passengers. One, Mrs. Jefferson Seligman, rushing to be at the bedside of her seriously ill father was permitted to disembark by tug on arrival at Quarantine and was at her father's home on Fifth Avenue in 45 minutes. Her father, Isidor Wormser, of the famous banking house I. & S. Wormser, passed away the following day.
Teutonic left New York at 10:00 a.m. on 26 June 1907 for Plymouth, Cherbourg and Southampton, taking with her 211 First, 165 Second and 100 Third Class passengers. After enjoying fine weather throughout the crossing, she got into Plymouth at 3:23 p.m., landing 122 passengers and 1,044 bags of mail there and was off by 4:00 p.m. for Cherbourg where she arrived that evening, landing 112 passengers and 33 bags of mail. There were still 243 passengers to land at Southampton the morning of the 4th. That same day, Oceanic left for New York and the pattern of White Star's revised New York service settled down to its reliable routine.
Southampton's police were soon acquainted with Teutonic's crew and the Southern Daily Echo of 6 July 1907 reported that "John Seagrove, a fireman on the Teutonic, was fined 5s. and costs, with the alternative of seven days' imprisonment, for having been found drunk in Terminus-terrace, on the 5th inst."
New York-bound, Teutonic cleared Southampton Water at 11:00 a.m. on 10 July 1907, and after calling at Cherbourg later that day and Queenstown the next day, had 76 First, 133 Second and 293 Third Class passengers including the motorcar racers Walter Christie and Lewis Strang returning from a dismal performance at the international race at Dieppe on the 2nd:
They boarded the ship at Cherbourg and registered respectively as J. Walters and P. Lewis. Purser Shepherd recognized them and suggested before the ship reached Quarantine that they might avoid trouble by appearing under their real names. They said that after their crushing defeat they feared to look the reporters in the face. The purser told them the reporters would find 'em anyhow. They did.
On the trip the officers and crew of the Teutonic organized the Teutonic Athletic Club. Capt. Smith president, which will challenge the world afloat and ashore until freezing weather comes. They will play cricket to-morrow at Van Cortlandt Park with the Bermuda, and when they get back here on August 18 they will have a picnic at which they will offer prizes to any amateur who may like to take a fall out of them.
The Sun, 19 July 1907.
There was one exciting incident of the voyage, however, and that was caused by Prince Shelk Shekia and Princess Anambibi, natives of Lahore, in the Punjab, India. The first-named is an Indian fakir. For the entertainment of the passengers he put the Princess in a basket and was plunging his sword through it was when Captain of the vessel appeared and called the entertainment off.
The Captain said he was not going to take any chance of having the Princess stabbed before America was by reached.
The Hindoos were brought over by Morris Gest, a representative of Oscar Hammerstein, and they will be a prominent part on the latter's programme for the entertainment of jaded New Yorkers in the heated spell.
The New York Times, 19 July 1907.
Teutonic arrived at New York on 18 July 1907.
With 133 First, 97 Second and 130 Third Class passengers aboard, Teutonic sailed from New York on 24 July 1907 on another fine, fair weather summer crossing that had her arrive in Plymouth's Cawsand Bay at 10:00 pm. on the 31st. Landing 67 passengers and 1,202 bags of mail there during a 35-min. call, she was off for Cherbourg, arriving there the following morning, landing 97 passengers and 209 bags of mail and finally getting into Southampton just after 1:00 p.m. on 1 August.
America-bound on 7 August 1907, Teutonic left Southampton at 11:00 a.m., and after calling at Cherbourg and Queenstown (8), had 146 First, 200 Second and 251 Third Class for New York where she arrived on the 15th and delighted the local press with stories of a thrilling rescue at sea of one of her stokers who had fallen overboard on the 11th.
The crew of the big White Star liner Teutonic steered her like a cow pony last Sunday when they swung her about to pick up a stoker who had gone over the side while suffering from a combination ofbad dreams and heat in the furnace hole. They literally turned her around on her own tall and that's why one William Hodge, stoker-at-large, is able to be up and doing on West street, this city, at this writing celebrating narrow an escape from a wet death any man ever had.
All the passengers were talking about the pretty bit of seamanship when the Teutonic docked to-day after her run across from Liverpool [sic]. Yesterday the first cabiners passed set of resolutions apropos of the i2ncident, in which they said a lot of nice things about the captain, the engineer and everybody else who figured in the William Hodge salvage job.
Scores of the passengers saw Hodge jump overboard. He is a young fellow, well built, and, as subsequent events showed, a good swimmer. It is supposed something, probably the heat below,caused him to go temporarily insane. He slipped up on the promenade deck Sunday just as the lunch bell sounding, hopped up on the rail, gave yell that could be heard a half- mile and went plump down into the rollers.
The 'Man overboard!' alarm had been given almost before Hodge hit the water. Instantly the signal whistle was blown. The Teutonic had been going full speed ahead. In an most incredible minimum of time the engineer had reversed power. Then, as she stowed up, the captain ordered her to be swung around in the shortest possible circle. Meanwhile sailormen were unhooking lifeboat.
Hodge was sighted far astern and swimming his best. The shock of the cold water had brought him back to his sense. He yelled, 'Hellup, hellup, and showed be wanted the aid of the 'handsome, brave Richard life-saver.'
First Officer Summers had command of the life-boat, which picked the stoker up just as his strength gave out. He was pretty nearly cone when they got him back to the halted liner and hoisted him up, limp and sick, while the passengers cheered and cheered and swung their caps. From the time the first alarm was given until the steamer got back on her course and was going at full steam ahead exactly fifteen minutes elapsed. When you stop to think that the Teutonic is about as big as Main street, Paducah, thats going some.
Hodge was all right inside ten minutes. Two aid swallows of John Jameson 'Irish' did the business.
The Evening World, 15 August 1907.
Liverpool is again full of shipping rumours, says correspondent of the Westminster Gazette. One rumour is to the effect that before long the White Star liners Adriatic, Oceanic, Majestic, and Teutonic, which in May left Liverpool for Southampton, may be again seen a: the Mersey. It is an open secret, says correspondent, that these boats have made but little impression the passenger traffic of the German liners, it is undeniable that the Cunard Company has benefited considerably by the change, and with the Lusitania on the run next month, and the Mauretania following, they are likely to maintain the advantage.
A reporter who inquired yesterday at the offices of the White Star Company in Liverpool as to the truth of this story, was definitely assured by high official in the American trade department that the rumour is totally without foundation. No change whatever is contemplated. The company is in every way satisfied with the traffic obtained at Southampton.
Western Morning News, 21 August 1907.
Teutonic sailed from New York at noon on 21 August 1907 with a small late season list of 31 First, 32 Second and 76 Third Class passengers who enjoyed "fine weather throughout" the crossing. Plymouth was reached at 10:34 p.m. on the 28th, where 23 passengers and 769 bags of mails were landed (and delivered to the London Post Office in five hours seven minutes), and she resumed passage at 10:58 p.m. for Cherbourg for which she had 37 passengers and 218 bags of mail and disembarked her remaining 105 passengers at Southampton on the 29th.
The New York-bound Teutonic cleared Southampton at 11:00 a.m. on 4 September 1907, Cherbourg later that day and Queenstown on the 5th and went out with a good list of 282 First, 166 Second and 393 Third Class. Among them was Modeste Altschuler, director of the Russian Symphonie Orchestra, which was opening an engagement at New York's Carnegie Hall in November. Teutonic got into New York late on the 12th.
Furthering another rate war on the Atlantic amid a serious recession in America following a collapse in share prices, White Star announced on 16 September First Class fares as low as $37.50 westbound on the big ships and $30 on Arabic and $20 on Cymric.
However, it was eastbound traffic that seemed to lag that season and there were only 45 First, 46 Second and 72 Third Class tickets sold for Teutonic's 18 September 1907 sailing from New York at noon. One of them, emulating his father's preference for the ship, was J.P. Morgan, Jr.. who "declined to discuss the financial situation." Teutonic arrived at Plymouth at 3:58 p.m. on the 25th, landing 35 passengers and 479 bags of mail before departing for Cherbourg at 4:29 p.m. with 36 passengers and 277 bags of mail for the French port. Her final 95 passengers disembarked at Southampton on the 26th.
The westbound Teutonic from Southampton, Cherbourg and Queenstown on 2 October 1907 had 145 First, 290 Second and 412 Third Class disembarking at New York on the 10th after a enduring what Capt. Smith told the New York Times "rough weather and fog in mid ocean."
With a miserably small list of just 37 First, 21 Second and 40 Third Class to her credit, Teutonic parted New York for England and the Continent at noon on 16 October 1907. After a crossing, detailed by the Western Morning News on her arrival there, as having "fine weather at the outset, strong easterly to northwesterly winds and rough seas in mid-Atlantic, and strong N.W. to westerly winds, with rough following sea," Teutonic got into Plymouth at 7:35 p.m. on the 23rd. She landed 28 passengers and 858 bags of mail there before resuming passage at 7:50 p.m.to Cherbourg with 34 passengers and 238 bags of mail for that port and a remaining 52 for Southampton where she arrived on the 24th.
Leaving Southampton at 12:25 p.m. 30 October 1907, Cherbourg later that day and Queenstown the next morning, Teutonic had another small list of 53 First, 58 Second and 227 Third Class passengers for New York where she arrived the morning of 7 November. In addition to her passengers, she had an impressive $1.6 mn. in gold, packed in 58 boxes, for the Bank of Montreal, Bank of Nova Scotia and Heidelbach, Ickelheimer & Co. of New York.
The eastbound Teutonic cleared New York on 13 November 1907 with just 41 First, 21 Second and 95 Third Class passengers and although she left on time, caused no amount of annoyance to the hundreds at the White Star pier awaiting the arrival of Enrico Caruso on Oceanic which had to loiter off Liberty Island until Teutonic cleared the slip. Her voyage across to Plymouth (where she arrived at 7:06 p.m. on the 20th) featured: "at the onset moderate to strong north-westerly wind, with rough following seas. Afterwards moderate south-westerly gale, then fresh to moderate wind and sea to Plymouth." (Western Morning News). After landing 28 passengers and 1,073 bags of mail there, Teutonic sailed at 7:27 p.m. for Cherbourg with 99 passengers and 323 bags of mail, and Southampton where she landed her remaining 113 passengers on the 21st.
Starting her final voyage of an eventful year, Teutonic departed Southampton on 27 November 1907 for Cherbourg and Queenstown (28) for New York where she arrived on 5 December with 44 First, 26 Second and 114 Third Class passengers. As Teutonic, Campania and Bermudian lay anchored off Quarantine on arrival at dawn, they saluted the outbound U.S.S. Connecticut, flagship of Admiral Robley D. Evans, which was en route to Hampton Roads to join the epic "Great White Fleet" voyage by American warships into the Pacific via the Straits of Magellan.

Teutonic came in after a classic early winter crossing, with "ice hanging to her anchor chains and covering the rails of her forward deck, being the first vessel so decorated since the beginning of winter." (The Evening World, 5 December). Among those arriving was Mlle. Bramonia, "a very charming and affable young prima donna. Despite her rosy and cosy appearance as she stood on the wind -swept deck, bundled in furs, the temptation to rhyme her name with pneumonia could not be resisted." (Evening World). The voyage was marked by one death aboard, that of an American stoker, Henry Brennan, a bartender by profession who was working his passage home and did not survive his first day in the stokehold. He was buried at sea with impressive ceremony. The rites of the Episcopal Church were said over the body, and the vessel came to a standstill for a minute while the body was put over the side. Many of the passengers witnessed the ceremony." (New York Times, 6 December 1907).
With a big list in Third Class of 801 (mainly immigrants returning for Christmas and some for good given the economic conditions in America at the time) plus 59 First and 91 Second Class, Teutonic left New York on 11 December 1907 for Plymouth, Cherbourg and Southampton. After passage of 6 days 22 hours 15 mins., "at the onset fresh to strong W. and N.W. winds, with following sea; in mid-Atlantic a strong N.W. gale, with high sea, and on approaching Plymouth light to moderate southerly wind, with westerly swell," (Western Morning News, 19 December 1907), Teutonic arrived at Plymouth at 4:06 p.m. on the 18th with 75 passengers and 1,315 bags of mail for the port. Splendid work by the GWR had her London passengers departing on the special at 5:03 p.m. and arriving Paddington at 9:37 p.m., taking 4 hour 6 mins. for the journey. Resuming passage at 4:35 p.m. after another smart call at the Devon port, Teutonic proceeded to Cherbourg for which she had 250 passengers and 309 bag of mail, and Southampton, reached on the following day, where her remaining 592 passengers disembarked.
In 1907, Teutonic made 13 westbound crossings carrying 9,149 passengers and 13 eastbound crossings carrying 4,547 passengers or a total of 13,696 passengers.
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Teutonic at Liverpool, postcard posted in 1907. |
1908
Completing her last voyage of 1907 on 19 December, Teutonic was then drydocked at Southampton and would "probably resumed her sailing at the end of January" (Southampton Times and Hampshire Express, 21 December). "The Teutonic which is now in dock, will leave on January 22nd," (Southern Daily Echo, 24 December).
It proved a difficult beginning of the year for trans-Atlantic traffic, White Star and their new Southampton terminus. The 1907 Depression in America decimated carryings of all lines with a 70 per cent drop in Third Class westbound carryings and substantial fall-off in saloon class ones eastbound and 1908 was already looking like a dismal year. Thus, it was with little surprise that either by accident, design or fate or bad fortune, Teutonic wound up missing the first three months of the year undergoing a refit whose purpose and result was never revealed amid a series of re-scheduled and cancelled returns to service as well as serious fire to her sister ship Majestic at Southampton that had her, too, miss a voyage.
The Majestic is the first of the White Star liners running from this port to New York to be drydocked at Southampton since the well-known quartette came to the Channel. The Majestic completed her passage on Wednesday, and was subsequently placed in the dry-dock for overhaul, etc. She will probably come out again on Monday, and she will take her ordinary trip to the States, leaving next Wednesday.
Meanwhile the Teutonic still remains in the Docks. It has been found necessary to effect alterations and improvements to the vessel, and it is expected that she. will he placed in one of the dry-docks during the coming week. The work may last some little time, and it in anticipated that the Teutonic will not be able, to resume her sailings until February.
Southampton Times and Hampshire Express, 4 January 1908.
At the time, Harland & Wolff were completing the building of extensive facilities for ship repair adjacent to the Trafalgar Dry Dock, Southampton. On 10 January 1908, Adriatic was drydocked there, the largest vessel to do so in Southampton and "it is expected that the Teutonic will be dry-docked next week." (Southampton Times and Hampshire Express, 11 January 1908). She, in fact, went into dock on the 14th. On the 18th, her departure for New York was revised to 19 February. It was arranged to have Celtic take Teutonic's scheduled sailing of 22 January with passengers and her mails, but from Liverpool not Southampton.
White Star's Southampton service that winter was further disrupted by a serious fire aboard Majestic on 31 January 1908 at Southampton and on 8 February the Southampton Times and Hampshire Express reported that: "In consequence of the rather serious fire which occurred on the White Star liner Majestic earlier this week, the sailing list of the company has been revised. At the present moment two of the vessels are lying idle--the Majestic and the Teutonic--and the latest arrangements show that the former vessel will take the sailing originally allotted to the Teutonic for next Wednesday and it is hoped the Teutonic will be ready to resume her place in the service a fortnight after the Majestic sails."
On 8 February 1908, Teutonic's return to service was again rescheduled to 4 March.
Next week will witness the re-establishment of the regular weekly mail service from Southampton to the States by the steamers of the White Star Line. For some weeks the regularity of the sailings has been interfered with, partly owing to the fire on the Majestic, and partly due to the extensive overhaul of the Teutonic. Both these vessels, however, are now in commission again, the Teutonic having completed her overhaul and repairs this week. The vessel had rather a lengthy stay in the Trafalgar Dry Dock, and many improvements for the comfort of the crew, as well as the passengers, have been carried out.
The Teutonic will sail for New York next Wednesday, and it is hoped that there will be no necessity to break the regularity of the sailings for a long time to come. One thing, however, has been broken, and that is the 'ATOM'. Hitherto it may have the been noticed that the resulted order in of sailings, headed by Adriatic, has the word 'atom' being compiled by the first letter of each ship, but although the 'mightiness' of the atom will be long felt in Transatlantic circles, the word itself has been broken, and the sequence in future will spell 'AMOT'. That may be a convenient way of remembering the order of sailings.
Southampton Times and Hampshire Express, 29 February 1908.
Finally returning to service, Teutonic sailed from Southampton on 4 March 1908 for Cherbourg, Queenstown (5) and New York with 25 First, 76 Second and 85 Third Class passengers, indicative of just how dismal trans-Atlantic trade was. She arrived at New York the evening of the 12th and among the few coming the gangway there was Austrian prima donna Regina Zuckerberg, "the Yiddish Tetazzini." During the call at New York, Teutonic's football squad was trounced by the local Cameron team 4-0 in a match at Van Cortlandt Park.
Enlivening, if by titles along, another sparse saloon list of 37 First and 47 Second Class (but 571 in Third as more and more would be Americans returned home to seemingly better prospects), were Baron de la Boullerie, Baron de Cande and the Duke and Duchess de Chaulnes, Teutonic sailed from New York on 18 March 1908. It was a slow crossing, in miserable conditions described as "At the onset, moderate easterly winds, rain, light winds and mists, afterwards strong easterly winds and rough following seas. In mid-Atlantic fresh gales to strong winds were encountered with rough confused seas, thence clear weather heavy NW swell to Plymouth," which was reached at 4:20 p.m. on the 25th after a protracted passage of 6 days 22 hours. She landed 16 passengers and 1,018 bags of mail there before being sent on her way at 4:40 p.m. for Cherbourg, reached that evening and taking 74 of her passengers and 278 bags of mail. Teutonic arrived at Southampton on the 26th, disembarking her remaining 575 passengers there.

Teutonic's departure from Southampton for New York on April Fools Day, 1 April 1908, featured more than a little excitement:
A somewhat sensational episode characterized departure of the White Star liner Teutonic for New York this morning. Just as the vessel was commencing to move away from the quayside one of the firemen, who arrived too late to get an board, shouted something unintelligable to a mate of his, who was leaning over the ship's side. That latter thereupon jumped overboard, whilst the other man jumped over the side of the quay. Both were got out of the water, and the man who jumped over the side of the vessel being taken the Dock Police: to Bargate Police station. Needless to say, the incident caused much excitement amongst those who had assembled to witness the vessel's departure, Teutonic passed No Man's Fort outward at 12.20. (noon).
Southern Daily Echo, 1 April 1908.
The firemen, John Reardon and Frederick Tizzard, were charged on 3 April 1908 with neglect of duty and impeding the departure of Teutonic. Tizzard was sent to jail for 14 days and Reardon, the man who jumped first, for a month.
It was a happy return to ocean racing for Teutonic on the crossing over. She and the Cunarder Caronia departed Queenstown together on 2 April 1908 and although Teutonic left 37 minutes after Caronia, she got into Sandy Hook 49 minutes ahead of her, doing the run in 6 days 21 hours 6 mins. The two ships were in sight of one another all the way across. It was reckoned to be the best ocean race in years and when Teutonic and Caronia arrived at New York on the 9th, it was the talk of the town and afforded wonderful newspaper coverage:
The most exciting ocean race of recent years ended to-day when the White Star liner Teutonic rushed past Sandy Hook Lightship forty-nine minutes ahead of the big Cunarder Caronia. All the way from Queenstown, which was left last Thursday, the ocean greyhounds were practically neck and neck. Part of the time they were in sight of each other, and nearly all the time wireless communication was kept up between them.
The passengers and crews of both vessels were kept up to a high pitch of excitement throughout the voyage. Half a dozen men on the Teutonic raised a pool of $5,000 and tried to bet it against an equal sum to be raised on the Caronia, but the Caronia passengers, as Purser McCubbin remarked by wireless, lacked sporting blood. Incidentally, they saved $5,000.
The Teutonic really beat the Caronia from Queenstown to Sandy Hook by 1 hour and 26 minutes. She left the Irish port 37 minutes behind her rival and arrived here 49 minutes ahead of her. A remarkable feature of the race was the fact that there was a difference of only one mile in the total distance logged by the two vessels. The Caronia travelled 2,888 miles and the Teutonic 2,897 miles.
It will be noted that the two big ships fairly ate up distance on the home stretch. The 475 miles which Caronia covered between noon on Tuesday and noon on Wednesday beat her day best record for twenty-four hours by nine miles more in the same period.
The Caronia is comparatively new while the Teutonic is a veteran vessel, in the transatlantic trade. Both vessels have about the same capacity for speed, and when they happened to point their noses westward from Ireland on the same day everybody aboard knew there would be a race.
The Caronia steamed out of Queenstown Harbor at 11.43 a.m. a week ago to-day. The Teutonic followed at 12.10 p.m. Their relative positions had not changed when they passed Daunt's Rock, at the harbor entrance, and straightened out for the long dash across the Atlantic.
Almost abeam, about a mile apart, the vessels kept company Thursday afternoon, Thursday night and all day Friday. There was a stiff westerly breeze, the weather was chilly and the decks washed with spray, but many of the passengers on both vessels refused to go below for their meals.
For a time on Friday night the lights of both vessels were visible from the other. Then the Caronia dropped astern of the Teutonic and disappeared from the view of those aboard the Teutonic.
Capt. Dow, the foxy commander of the Cunarder, dropped astern of the Teutonic and and headed to the north to take a shorter course than is usually followed at this time of year.
But, Capt. Thompson, of the Teutonic, is more or less foxy himself, and it was noticed by his officers that he, too, was bearing somewhat to the northward. Saturday, Sunday and Monday were days of suspense on both vessels. They were frequent wireless communications, but neither captain would acquaint the other of his position.
At 3.30 o'clock on Tuesday afternoon the lookout on the Teutonic picked up a lone smudge against the northwestern horizon. In half an hour the Caronia was in sight. As dusk fell the ships were neck and 1 neck and belching smoke like volcanos. All the passengers, men and women, lined the rails and shouted. Down in the firerooms and engine rooms stokers and engineers worked like beavers to get every ounce of power from the boilers and engines.
Alfred C. Stock. a California ranchman, talked to some of his fellow passengers on the Teutonic and raised a $5.000 pool. This he intrusted to Purser Shepherd. with instructions to communicate the Caronia and make a bet.
Shepherd sent a wireless to Purser McCubbin, offering to bet $5.000 that the Teutonic would beat the Cunarder to Sandy Hook. After a delay of two hours McCubbin sent back this reply: "There is no sporting blood on this ship."
Neither vessel sighted the other again until they entered the Lower Bay today. Capt. Thompson. however, secured a big lead by a piece of good luck yesterday evening. Wireless Direction in Fog.
Approaching Nantucket Light in a thick fog, he happened to get into submarine wireless communication with the signal bell. This gave him his exact position and he headed his vessel down the New England coast, straight for Sandy Hook Light.
In the mean time Capt. Dow had been unable to pick up the signal. and him. Late in the evening this confused he sent a wireless to Capt. Thompson inquiring if the latter had picked Nantucket up
"You bet I have." wired the skipper of the Teutonic.
The lead it gave him was held all the way in, and the Caronia was not in sight lightship when bound the into Teutonic passed the lightship bound into this harbor.
The Evening World, 9 April 1908.
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Credit: The Evening World 9 April 1908. |
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Log abstract card for Teutonic's 1-8 April 1908 Southampton-New York crossing. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
As it turned out, Caronia berthed faster and easier than her competitor, her passengers disembarking before Teutonic's (35 First, 110 Second and 199 Third) when she got "tangled up with the strong breeze and an adverse tide as she was docking and this delayed her an hour." When they finally disembarked, her passengers gave three cheers to Teutonic, her captain and crew.
The Sun (10 April 1908) reminded their readers of the classic Teutonic vs. City of New York race back in August 1890 when and then Teutonic won and setting a new record of 5 days 19 hours and 5 mins, averaging 20.18 knots and logging a best days run of 512 miles. In her middle age on this occasion, it was 6 days 21 hours 6 mins and a best run of 477 miles.
That Teutonic's stokers earned their reputation of being the toughest of a tough lot was further demonstrated when, prior to her sailing for Southampton on 15 April 1908, two of them, who were rivals over a girl they both knew in their homeport and who after almost coming to blows in a saloon near the pier, instead went back to their ship and duked it for four rounds on the main deck aft in a ring formed by stewards and Second Class passengers:
In the hurly-burly that followed this demonstration in the saloon both firemen between the proprietor to allow them to fight it out then and there, but he refused and ordered them out.
"We'll go over to th' ship. sure. an' we can have it out there,' said "Dublin." for the Teutonic is known as a vessel where the men are encouraged to be athletic and fights are not frowned upon by the officers.
So the two agreed to four rounds, the vanquished at the end of that time to give up all aspirations to the hand of Miss Gilroy, and a ring was formed of stewards and second cabin passengers on the main deck aft. Usually these disputes are settled in the engine room of the Teutonic, but there was only one officer on the main deck aft at the time and he winked the other eye.
"Dublin" and "Peggy," stripped to the waist, went at it lickety-split. hammer and tongs, and at the end of the first round Connors was just a bit to the good. Before the beginning of the second round "Dublin' complained of a slight sickness, and he was more than slightly sick before that round was half over.
"Peggy" drew blood in large quantities and sent home 50 many upper and left hooks that at the end of cuts the round he had 'Dublin' so groggy that he cried 'Nuff' and sand in a heap.
This was about half an hour before sailing time, and Pier Superintendent Smith, catching a glimpse the him befuddled "Dublin." sternly ordered his luggage ashore, as not being fit to make the voyage. "Dublin' protested as emphatically as n swollen tongue and a lower lip that resembled a Bavarian cabbage would let him, but it was no use and he will not see the fickle Miss Gilroy until the next voyage of the Teutonic.
The Evening World, 15 April 1908.
With 41 First, 57 Second and 108 Third but minus a stoker, Teutonic departed New York on 15 April 1908. Her crossing over, described (Western Daily News) as " for the first two days light to strong variable winds, moderate to rough seas, then fresh to light variable winds with rough to slight sea. On April 20th moderate to strong winds, with rough N.E. Sea. Afterwards light winds and slight seas to Plymouth. The daily runs were 419 miles, 453, 452, 438, 426, 427, 445 and to the Eddystone, 18, making a total run of 3,080 miles. The passage occupied 6 days 20 hours," ended with arrival at Plymouth at 1:31 p.m. on the 22nd. She landed 30 passengers and 55 bags of mail there before sailing for Cherbourg for which she had 29 passengers and 11 bags of mail and Southampton with 157 to land there on the 23rd.
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Credit: Southern Daily Echo, 29 April 1908. |
After St. Paul was damaged in a collision with the cruiser H.M.S. Gladiator off the Needles on 25 April 1908 and had to be drydocked, her cargo and intending passengers were transferred to Teutonic's sailing from Southampton on the 29th.
The White Star liner Teutonic left Southampton today for New York, with something approaching 800 on board. It was magnificent weather, and the scene at the dock extension was an animated one-- in striking contrast to that witnessed on Saturday when the St. Paul left on her unfortunate voyage. In addition to her ordinary passengers, the Teutonic took out, with few exceptions, all of the passengers of the St. Paul.
Southern Daily Echo, 29 April 1908.
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Credit: The Evening World, 8 May 1905. |
In all, Teutonic, after clearing Cherbourg and Queenstown, went out with 70 First, 173 Second and 355 Third and considering this included St. Paul's compliment, the state of trans-Atlantic trade that year is shown and not quite the "800" reported by the Southern Daily Echo! She arrived at New York on 9 May 1908 with yet another thrilling and even more decisive victory over Caronia on the way across from Queenstown:
When the Cunarder Caronia docked to-day, her log again recorded her defeat by the Teutonic of the White Star line. in an overseas race in which the two vessels were never more than twenty-five miles apart until the last day. This is the second successive win for the Teutonic. Nevertheless, the officers of the Cunarder declare that the Caronia is the faster boat by almost knot. Hard luck is once more the excuse of the vanquished.
In their first ocean race over the same course a few days ago, the Teutonic won by less than forty minutes, but the race just ended is more humiliating for the Caronia, the Teutonic beating her by a clean four hours.
The Caronia pleads that she sailed too light to do her best. She was late making Liverpool on her eastward voyage and was compelled to depart with only half her cargo. Leaving Liverpool a week ago Wednesday in thick weather, she stood outside and sent in the few passengers she had for the Irish port. The Teutonic arriving at Queenstown about the same time, was more daring and went inside.
Therefore the Caronia got away first, clearing Daunt's Rock at 1.18 A. M. Friday morning. The Teutonic came but more than an hour later, passed the rock about five miles astern. From then on the two vessels kept in wireless touch with one another. and frequent bulletins on the race were issued to the passengers.
The Caronia held her lead all Friday and Saturday, logging 447 miles on the latter day. On Sunday and Monday the White Star liner began to crawl the Caronia being bothered by thick up, weather and head winds. Tuesday night a gale came out of the that drove against the great superstructure and high freeboard of the Cunarder proving serious hamper to her progress. Then the Teutonic began to walk rght up on her fleet rival and on Wednesday morning she was sighted from the Caronia.
All day Wednesday the pursuing vessel gained. and Wednesday evening drew abreast went by it was not only the head winds that were now bothering the Caronia. A pin had slipped out of her starboard engine. which prevented the maintenance of full speed. By yesterday morning the White Star liner had passed out of sight again but this time not astern. The Teutonic passed the Hook at 2 p.m. yesterday. The Caronia came up at 6, so could not clear Quarantine until this morning.
The Evening World, 8 May 1908.
With no boxing matches as an embarkation diversion this time, Teutonic had a routine departure from New York on 13 May 1908, leaving with 49 First, 72 Second and 376 Third Class passengers. But fresh from her races with Caronia and the bit still in her teeth, and aided by fine weather across, Teutonic put in one of the best passages of her career. Clearing Sandy Hook at 11:48 a.m. on the 13th, she passed Eddystone Light at the entrance to Plymouth at 10:50 a.m. on the 20th, anchored there at 11:23 a.m., departing for Cherbourg at 11:45 a.m. where she arrived at 6:10 p.m., leaving there at 6:44 p.m., abreast of Nab Lightship at 10:30 p.m. and alongside her Southampton pier at 12:40 a.m., landing her passengers at 8:00 a.m. the following morning. Total time for the crossing was 6 days 17 hours 10 mins at average speed of 19.02 knots with daily runs of 439, 453, 455, 454, 439, 444 and 410 or 3,079 miles.
"The weather was gloriously fine and exceedingly hot, and the departure was witnessed by a large number of people," reported the Southern Daily Echo on 27 May 1908 after Teutonic sailed for New York with 45 First, 115 Second and 160 Third Class, and after a frenzied but successful effort to bring aboard a large trunk, a handbag and an umbrella that had not been put aboard, and was instead rowed out to the ship, already well clear of her slip and gotten aboard. Following her calls at Cherbourg and Queenstown, she proceeded to New York with 45 First, 109 Second and 168 Third Class passengers.

What had been a placid crossing before and after was punctuated on 30 May 1908 at noon when a 60 mph gale suddenly came out of the southwest, causing a heavy cross sea. Despite warnings by the officers, several passengers went forward to revel in the heavy spray coming over the bows, "Their temerity almost cost them their lives. As they were working their way along the rail in the teeth of the winds a great wave burst over the bow and poured a flood of water along the deck. The vessel lurched and dipped her nose precipitately into the hollow, whirling the three men and two young women off their feet and tumbling then over in a flood of water." (The Evening World, 4 June 1908). One passenger, Howard Waldo of Orange, N.J., however, got his right leg caught between a boat davit and the rail and broke it in two places. Teutonic arrived at New York on 4 June..
Owing to a delay to Mauretania on departing Liverpool, she could not take her scheduled mailship sailing from New York on 10 June 1908 so her mail and quite a few of passengers went out the same day in Teutonic. She left with 136 First, 173 Second and 375 Third Class passenger, and made Plymouth on the 17th at 4:30 p.m., in 6 days 22 hours 54 mins, in weather described as "at the onset light to moderate breeze and smooth seas, afterwards strong breeze to moderate gale with high sea, then to the English Channel strong to light breeze and rough to slight sea," with daily runs of 415, 431, 430, 437, 457, 433 and 423 miles. Teutonic landed 85 passengers and 1,011 bags of mail there, before continuing to Cherbourg (landing 88 passengers and 297 bags of mail) and finally Southampton on the 19th, disembarking 518.
Teutonic left Southampton on 24 June 1908 for New York, having aboard, after Cherbourg and Queenstown, 68 First, 80 Second and 103 Third Class passengers. With their schedules perfectly coordinated that season from Queenstown to New York, it was yet another race between Teutonic and Caronia and another win, by considerable margin, by the White Star former Blue Riband holder. The Evening World, as usual, reveled in the race and provided the best account of it:
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Credit: The Evening World, 2 July 1908. |
The speedy White Star liner, which started with a handicap of three hours and forty-five minutes, won the race. Hard luck followed the Caronia from the drop of the flag. On the third day of the race the Caronia's stokers struck bunker full of coal that didn't seem to have a pound of steam in a ton of it, and that day the Teutonic almost got in slight of the Caronia's smoke. The boats are old rivals. The Caronia dropped down the Mersey on June 24 with the Teutonic, three hours and thirty-six minutes behind her.The word ran about that race was on. As they passed Daunt's Rock the Teutonic had already picked up a little af the time she had lost at the start.
The next day, Friday, the Caronia logged 163 knots and the Teutonic 453. Capt. Smith was besieged by passengers, who begged him to 'hit it up little harder. On Capt. Dow's ship all was smiles when by wireless they learned that they had outlogged the White Star boat handsomely.
The next day, however, Capt. Smith and the engine-room force gave the Teutonic her head and she reeled off 468 knots, while the Caronia's people, who, according to Purser McCubbin, struck bad coal that day, could only get 440 out of their boat.
On Sunday the Teutonic made 480 and the Caronia 486 knots. At Tuesday noon the scores stood: Teutonic 464 and Caronia 460. On Wednesday the Caronia still was behind with 457, while the Teutonic once more logged 464.
The race finished off Fire Island last night, but it was not till to-day that the Caronia got up to her dock, while the Teutonic docked last night. That was another bit of hard luck for the Cunarder, for she got to Fire Island ahead of her rival, reaching there at 6.26, while the Teutonic didn't get up till 6.34. This made the time across six days thirteen hours and fourteen minutes for the Caronia, and six days ten hours and forty-six minutes for the Teutonic.
At that, when the Caronia ran into a fog bank and was compelled to anchor off Fire Island most of her passengers were slapping each other on the back and saying "We won.' It was not till the fog lifted In time for them to see the White Star boat that they realized they had been beaten. Capt. Smith took advantage of his knowledge of the Atlantic course to lop off a three-knot angle in the usual summer track of west bound steamers that lies between Sable Island and Sandy Hook, and the Caronia's navigation officers say that this way he gained his lead.
The Evening World, 2 July 1908.
The White Star liners are securing a great deal of prominence by reason of the large number of interesting passengers brought across, and although the travellers do not always land at Southampton, yet the circumstances are interesting as showing the popularity not only of the Channel service, but of the White Star vessels. An unusually large number of passengers was brought to Europe this week by the Teutonic; indeed, we are informed that every available berth on the shin was taken. This heavy pressure was due, to a very large extent, to the fact that a large party of gymnasts known as the Gymnasts' Travelling Association travelled by the liner. They numbered nearly 300, and they disembarked at Cherbourg, their destination being Frankfurt, where they will take part in the German athletic festival.
Southampton Times and Hampshire Express, 18 July 1908.
Managing a fair list of 80 First, 295 Second and 490 Third Class for her next eastbound crossing, Teutonic cleared New York on 8 July 1908. She got into Plymouth at 4:30 p.m. on the 15th after a fair weather passage, where she landed 33 passengers and 772 bags of mail, and off again at 4:50 p.m. for Cherbourg (landing 336 passengers and 274 bags of mail there) and Southampton where her remaining 496 passengers landed on the 17th.
The New York-bound Teutonic sailed from Southampton on 22 July 1908 and after making the rounds of Cherbourg and Queenstown, steamed west with 83 First, 69 Second and 110 Third Class aboard as that dismal season business-wise dragged on. It was, too, a comparatively dreary crossing with apparently no race with Caronia in the offing and on arrival at New York on the 30th, the best The Evening World could find to write about was actress Miss Rita Perkins being charged $120 in duty for bringing in six bull terrier pups-- Roly, Boly, Toddles, Tootsie, Cupid and Pidge-- which she had brought over as gifts to friends.
If Caronia and Teutonic were a matched racing pair westbound that season, Lusitania and Teutonic often sailed together from New York on Wednesday although even the plucky White Star veteran had not the means to even to attempt to race the fleet Cunarder. Both of them departed on 5 August 1908 with niggardly passenger lists, leading the New York Times to observe "Tide to Europe Ebbing Fast." The White Star liner went out with 45 First, 76 Second and 207 Third Class and put in a fair passage, taking 6 days 22 hours 41 mins. at an average speed of 18.5 knots to get to Plymouth, where she arrived at 4:11 p.m., dead on time, on the 12th. Landing 39 passengers and just 25 bags of mail there, she resumed passage after just 16 mins. there for Cherbourg (47 passengers and 10 bags of mail) and Southampton, reached late the next day, where her remaining 242 passengers disembarked.
There were 160 First, 222 Second and 185 Third Class tickets sold for Teutonic's 19 August 1908 westbound crossing, an excellent saloon list and befitting the traditional end of season homewards rush as well as the immigrant trade still at its nadir. After a one trip lull, it was back to the races for Teutonic and Caronia. The Cunarder came into New York on the morning of the 27th after logging 6 days 13 hours 31 mins. from Queenstown only to find Teutonic already alongside her berth, having docked the previous evening and clocking 6 days 5 hours 45 mins. for her passage from Queenstown and her first on the "short"northerly course that season.
What was left of the saloon class trade evaporated late summer eastbound and when she cleared her North River pier on 2 September 1908, Teutonic's First Class had but 23 occupants and her Second Class, 41, with another 272 in Third Class. Their passage began in fine weather which deteriorated in mid-Atlantic to "fresh and strong breeze, and rough sea, from thence fresh gale and high sea to Plymouth," where she arrived at 8:54 a.m. on the 9th. There, 29 disembarked and 180 bags of mail landed, before departing at 9:13 a.m. for Cherbourg which took 54 passengers and 68 bags of mail and arriving at Southampton at 9:45 p.m. on the 10th, the remaining 270 landed the following morning. The Southern Daily Echo reported it was "her fastest trip since she has been on the Southampton service."
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Credit: The New York Tribune, 25 September 1908. |
With one of her best lists of the year, Teutonic sailed from Southampton and Cherbourg on 16 September 1908 and from Queenstown the next day with a total of 247 First, 180 Second and 258 Third Class, including banker John R. Drexel, aviator Henri Farman and Zionist Israel Zangwill. It was a crossing accomplished in "rough and disagreeable weather," (New York Tribune) but she "made fairly good time running through it." Good time indeed and instead of Caronia to race and beat across from Queenstown, she had instead the second of The Pretty Sisters, Carmania, with her new fangled turbines, which did her no favours in this instance. It was a race to wait and on arrival off Sandy Hook on the afternoon of the 24th, both ships came into a New York "socked-in" by some of the thickest and most persistent fogs in recent memory which brought the great port to a standstill for days. "Capt. Harry Smith, of Teutonic, managed to get his vessel through the fog banks late in the afternoon, but the captain of the Carmania would not chance the trip."(The Evening World, 25 September).
Heading down the North River midday on 30 September 1908, Teutonic had 24 First, 41 Second and 272 Third Class aboard for Plymouth, Cherbourg and Southampton who enjoyed a crossing in "fine weather and smooth seas throughout," and their ship maintaining a 18.75-knot speed across to have her dropping anchor in Cawsend Bay at 8:33 a.m. on 7 October. After landing 34 passengers and 1,004 bags of mail, Teutonic was on her way to Cherbourg at 8:54 a.m. where she arrived that afternoon to land 67 passengers and 327 bags of mail and getting into Southampton on the 9th with her remaining 252 passengers.
The westbound Teutonic, from Southampton on 14 October 1908 and her intermediate ports , had 55 First, 127 Second and 176 passengers. They got a rough ride over, and on the 19th, a wave broke over the promenade deck, portside forward, and hurled a seaman right aft along with it, crushing him against the rail and badly bruising him. He was able to resume duties the next day and Teutonic, undamaged, managed good time across and came into New York early on the 22nd. Among those landing was the famous African explorer, anthropologist and biographer of Livingston, Sir Harry Hamilton Johnston, making his first trip America. During the turnaround at New York, Teutonic's football team played that of Baltic to a 2-2 tie at Van Cortlandt Park on the 25th.
Passengers remain scarce and there were but 23 First, 71 Second and 276 Third Class aboard Teutonic when she pulled out of Manhattan pier at 11:00 a.m. on 28 October 1908. On arrival at Plymouth at 12:23 p.m. on 4 November, the Western Morning News described the weather across as "At the onset moderate breeze and cloudy, then fresh to strong breeze, with rough sea. On November 2nd there was a heavy easterly swell. The weather on the following day was squally, with rough sea." Forty-seven passengers and 977 bags of mail went ashore there and Teutonic resumed passage at 12:52 p.m. for Cherbourg where she landed 71 passengers and 294 bags of mail and arrived at Southampton on the 5th with her remaining 250 passengers.
Westbound again on 11 November 1908, Teutonic left Southampton and Cherbourg, and after calling at Queenstown the next day, headed for New York with 34 First, 99 Second and 116 Third Class passengers. On arrival at New York on the 19th, a stoker, George O'Neill, was reported missing: "'We don't know whether he went overboard or is hidden somewhere on the vessel,' Purser Shephard said, 'I am inclined to the latter theory. He didn't like to work and disappearing was a favorite trick of his. I think he is stowed away and will turn upon the pier in a little while.' (The Evening World, 19 November). Teutonic's football team thrashed that of Lusitania by a score of 9-0 in a match at Van Cortlandt Park on the 22nd.
Teutonic, Lusitania and Kroonland were schedule to sail from New York on 25 November 1908, but again the port was enveloped fog. The Cunarder and Red Star liner did not venture from their berths, but Capt. Smith had his Teutonic on her way at 10:00 a.m., on schedule, with her 25 First, 41 Second and 345 Third Class passengers. He got as far as above the Narrows where the fog was so thick, it was not safe to navigate and Teutonic was obliged to anchor and did not get away until later in the day. She had two days of "fresh gale and high sea" before getting into Plymouth at 11:06 a.m. on 3 December, logging 6 days 19 hours 58 mins. For the passage. After landing 29 passengers and 29 bags of mail there, she sailed for Cherbourg to land 123 passengers and 10 bags of mail there and had 250 remaining for Southampton who disembarked there the next day.

Starting her final voyage of a very busy year, Teutonic cleared Southampton Water on 9 December 1908 for Cherbourg, Queenstown and New York. And she ended a year during which she showed the stuff of an ocean greyhound with one of the slowest crossings in her entire history and one of the slowest made by a mailship on the American run in several years. Due to arrive at New York on the 16th, she wirelessed on the 17th that she was still 659 miles east of Sandy Hook and would not arrive until 9:00 a.m, on the 19th or three days late, making for a dismal nine-day crossing. Worse, she was carrying a huge Christmas mail consignment of 5,000 bags which would also, of course, be late in forwarding and delivery. In the event, Teutonic did not arrive until the 19th, making it across in ten days. The reason, of course, was weather: "terrific westerly gales and high head seas are reported in mid-Atlantic, and all westbound steamer are unusually late." (New York Tribune, 19 December) .
Most of her officers conceded it was one of the worst storms confronted during any of Teutonic's 231 trips to date. Her average speed was 14 knots and her days run ending at noon on Sunday the 13th was but 202 miles. "She shipped the manes of many combers, some of which her skipper, Capt.Smith, declares were more than 60 feet high. Capt. Smith was on almost continuous duty on the bridge when the storm was at its worst and went to bed soon after the line docked."(The Sun, 20 December).
There were tales to tell galore when Teutonic finally was warped alongside her North River Pier by some of her 42 First, 85 Second and 117 Third Class passengers, although most were content to be just on dry land and on their way.
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Log abstract card for Teutonic's rough 9-18 December 1908 Southampton-New York crossing. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
The Teutonic, of the White Star line, arrived to-day with her log largely devoted to gales and head seas.
The big steamship had scarcely got her rudder clear of Queenstown when she poked her nose into winter weather and met up with a young hurricane that developed from day to day into a tempest.
There were no pleasant hours on the promenade deck throughout the eight and one-half days' run. nor were there many pleasant hours 'tween decks or in staterooms. The log gives the customary conservative history of the vessel's run,but to get a more graphic picture of the slambang voyage over a corduroy sea, shrieking with mad voices of the gale, it is only necessary to draw on Dr. Ashley Hopper. one of the passengers.
Dr. Hopper took notes from time to time of the height of waves and their velocity. Lashing himself to a stanchion he studied their aspects with a scientific eye
'On the 13th,' said Dr. Hopper, 'the wind was blowing a hundred or so miles an hour, blowing so hard that it ripped the paint right off the funnels. to a stanchion by a small hawser, I set my face to the gale and watched the seas sweep over the bows. Some of the waves were travelling thirty and some fifty miles an hour. One giant comber, over forty feet high, ploughed down upon us with an angry roar, split on the bow and washed down the deck at such terrific speed that it removed the soles from my shoes. I timed that wave in its passage down the deck and it made the distance of 800 odd feet in less than ten seconds. I figured out that the speed of the wave was forty -seven miles an hour, as the Teutonic was just making steerage headway.'
Dr. Hopper had compiled other interesting statistics that he believes have a high scientific value. Mariners aboard the Teutonic admitted they had a high value, but would not concede the science. For instance, the fastest wave Capt. Smith ever heard of travelled at the moderate speed of sixteen knots.
The young physician had established one record, however, for he was not sick a minute. Ninety per cent. of his fellow voyagers were sick the entire eight days. The White Star liner carried a huge Christmas mail. There were 4,963 bags of mail and 125 bags of parcels post, a total of 5,088.
Notwithstanding the strenuous weather the Teutonic reached her pier without a scar.
The Evening World, 19 December 1908.
Teutonic left New York on 23 December 1908 on her last crossing of the year, taking with her 21 First, 56 Second and 387 Third Class passengers who would have Christmas at sea, and also went out with consignment of $700,000 in gold by Goldman, Sachs & Co., destined for Paris via Cherbourg. It was a predictably rough crossing over: "At the onset strong winds, rough head seas; in mid-Atlantic a strong gale with high seas; afterwards moderate breeze and heavy swell to Plymouth," where she arrived at 7:30 p.m. on the 30th, landing 18 passengers and 2,706 bags of mail. There were 67 passengers and 698 bags of mail and all that gold to land at Cherbourg and another 380 passengers disembarking at Southampton on New Years Eve.
In 1908, Teutonic made 11 westbound crossings carrying 4,066 passengers and 11 eastbound crossings carrying 5,196 passengers or a total of 9,262 passengers.
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Teutonic photo card. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
1909
There would be no enforced winter lay-up for Teutonic her second year out of Southampton. Commencing her first voyage of the year, she sailed for New York on 6 January 1909 and after calling at Cherbourg and Queenstown, had 39 First, 84 Second and 281 Third Class passengers, among them William Forbes Morgan, the stockbroker. Making a rare routine winter crossing, Teutonic arrived in New York on the 14th.
Eastbound for the first time in the new year, Teutonic cleared New York on 20 January 1909 with 57 First, 53 Second and 214 Third Class aboard who enjoyed a rare winter crossing with fine weather all the way across. They arrived at Plymouth at noon on the 27th where 52 disembarked along with the landing of 2,502 bags of mail bags before she proceeded to Cherbourg with 45 passengers and 788 bags of mail landing there and arrived at Southampton on the 28th, disembarking 229.
Leaving Southampton for New York on 10 February 1909, Teutonic had 33 First, 86 Second and 164 Third Class for America, and arrived on the 18th.
It was another dense fog cloaking New York Harbor on 24 February 1909 when Teutonic sailed with a light list of 20 First, 29 Second and 78 Third and the inbound Kaiser Wilhelm II went aground in Gedney's Channel in the murk but was soon pulled off and anchored until the fog cleared. The White Star liner left her pier on schedule but got no farther than Quarantine where she anchored at noon, "when the Narrows looked like a battlement of granite, and did not get away again until wind from south-southwest, permeated with rain, drove some of the vapor off her course around 4 p.m." (The Sun, 25 February). "Passengers on another Staten Island ferryboat were frightened by finding the big White Star liner Teutonic, outward bound, towering over them somewhere in the neighborhood of the Liberty statue. The ferryboat backed off and the liner shifted her course a little. The two boats were within a few feet of each other as they passed. (The Evening World, 24 February 1909)."
Once away, Teutonic had " fresh to strong breeze and rough sea, then fresh to moderate gale with high following sea and then the weather moderated but the sea was rough" and arrived at Plymouth at 9:17 p.m. on 3 March 1909. She did the run in 6 days 20 hours 30 mins. at an average speed of 18.71 knots. She landed 22 passengers and 21 bags of mail there with another 16 passengers and 11 bags of mail for Cherbourg and on arrival at Southampton the next day, landed her last 90 passengers.
With 26 First, 174 Second and 450 Third Class for America, Teutonic sailed from Southampton and Cherbourg on 10 March 1909 and Queenstown a day later. She got into to New York on the 18th.
In company with Campania, Teutontic left New York on 24 March 1909, the White Star liner going out with 23 First, 57 Second and 174 Third. The crossing started with a "light breeze, fine, clear weather with a slight head sea, then moderate to fresh breeze, overcast, with rough sea," by the time she got to Plymouth at 1:04 p.m. on the 31st, landing 17 passengers and 659 bags of mail there, then to Cherbourg with 31 passengers and 270 bags of mail and arriving at Southampton on 1 April where she landed 209.

A remarkable and mysterious incident, which nearly involved tragic consequences, occurred on board the White Star liner Teutonic, which arrived at Southampton from New York in the early hours of this morning. One of the passengers was a Mexican, who was believed to have a large sum of money with him, and had been frequently heard to boast of the fact, and on Tuesday afternoon just at that hour of the day when most of those on board were disposing themselves for a quiet siesta, the occupants of the saloon were startled by the sharp report of a revolver shot coming from the direction of the South American's cabin.
A number of passengers, headed by the Mexican himself, at once rushed to the cabin from whence the shot came. They found it full of curling smoke, and the Mexican's revolver, recently discharged, was lying on the bunk, while the disordered state of the cabin showed that it had been thoroughly ransacked, but the would-be thief or thieves had flown.
Cries of pain and alarm were heard from the adjoining cabin, and it was found that the occupant, Miss P. Rudd, a young lady in her teens. had been shot in the neck by a bullet which had penetrated the partition between the cabins. Fortunately, however, the bullet, the force through, of which bad been lessened by the partition which it had passed, only grazed her neck, indicting a superficial injury, and after being treated by the ship's doctor Miss Rudd was able to be on deck again on the following day. The curious fact about the affair is that nothing stolen from the Mexican's cabin, and it is conjectured that the would-be thief, whose identity still remains a mystery, accidentally discharged the revolver, while ransacking the luggage, and then fled precipitately to avoid discovery.
Southern Daily Echo, 1 April 1909.
With a good list of 52 First, 194 Second and 579 Third Class for New York, Teutonic sailed from Southampton on 7 April 1909. The crossing was animated by boxing matches on deck and a baby born at sea:
Cabin passengers by the White Star liner Teutonic, in yesterday from Southampton, Cherbourg and Queenstown, were entertained on the pleasant days of the trip by boxing matches' on the main deck. Stokers and steerage passengers, English and Irish, were the boxers, and Ernest Allard of Suffolk, England, although a lightweight, knocked out all comers, including an iron moulder weighing about 170. Winners and losers received showers of silver from the cabin passengers. Nobody was hurt, as the gloves were of the ordinary kind.
A baby was born in the second cabin of the Teutonic to Mrs. Francis Hollie of Detroit, and six days later, on Wednesday, Rev. Mr. Fisher, also in the second christened the little one Mercy Julia Teutonic Hollis. Her father is in Detroit.
The Sun, 16 April 1909.
Teutonic arrived at New York on 15 April 1909.
Going out again in company with Campania on 21 April 1909, Teutonic sailed from New York with 43 First, 51 Second and 163 Third Class passengers. Typical for the season, the crossing encountered a full range of weather: "at the onset fresh to moderate breeze, hazy with rough head sea, followed by fine weather with rough sea". She got into Plymouth at 4:43 p.m. on the 28th, landing 46 passengers and 777 bags of mail there (which were in London within 5 hours four minutes after the ship arrived) and left at 5:30 p.m. for Cherbourg with 53 passengers and 303 bags of mail and arrived at Southampton at 4:45 a.m. on the 29th, disembarking her remaining 161 passengers. It was reported that one of her stokers, known as "Blundell" had gone missing since the first day of the voyage, but according to the Western News (29 April 1909), "from the levity with which the firemen treated the alleged disappearance, it is believed he is secreted on board the vessel, being surreptitiously fed by his comrades. The liner, however, was searched from end to end, but no trace of the man has been found."
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Log abstract card for Teutonic 5-12 May 1909 Southampton-New York crossing. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
Clearing the Solent midday on 5 May 1909, Teutonic (Capt. R. Lobez, R.N.R.) had, on departure from Cherbourg and Queenstown, 37 First, 130 Second and 466 Third Class and with nary a press mention, arrived at New York on the 13th.
Paired once again with Lusitania, Teutonic sailed from New York on 19 May 1909 with 81 First, 100 Second and 211 Third Class passengers. They had a rough and slow passage: "at the onset moderate breeze, heavy head sea, in mid-Atlantic fresh to strong breeze, heavy head sea; thence to the Channel fresh gale and high sea," and finally got in Plymouth at 5:23 p.m. on the 26th taking 7 days 37 mins for the crossing at an average 18.25 knots. Landing 75 passengers and 22 bags of mail there, Teutonic was sent on her way at 5:44 p.m. for Cherbourg where she landed 59 passengers and 17 bags of mail and had 265 remaining for Southampton where she arrived at 5:50 a.m. on the 27th.
Into the summer season, Teutonic left Southampton and Cherbourg on 2 June 1909 and Queenstown the following day with 46 First, 120 Second and 327 Third Class passengers who disembarked at New York on the 9th again with little press mention. It was reported, however, that Teutonic's cricket team was soundly beaten by the Jamaicans at Prospect Park on the 13th.
This time, Teutonic's mate for her New York Wednesday departure on 16 June 1909 was Mauretania. The Cunarder went out with a "record list" in saloon whilst Teutonic contented herself with 99 First, 97 Second and 160 Third Class, among them Mrs. W.J. Willett Bruce. Blotting her copy book, Teutonic went aground briefly in the Ambrose Channel:
The White Star liner Teutonic, outward bound, took ground on the west side of the Ambrose Channel when she had almost cleared the Sandy Hook bar about 11 o'clock yesterday morning and sent wireless call for tugs to help her off. The pilot boat New York went alongside the steamer and later the Merritt-Chapman Relief made a hawser fast to her. She got off on a rising tide at 1:10 o'clock and proceeded undamaged.
It was guessed by a Sandy Hook observer that the liner may have been trying to dodge a dredge working in the channel and went too far over the other side to the westward. The Mauretania, which passed the Teutonic while was fast, found plenty of sea room and she draws several feet more than the White Star ship.
The Sun, 17 June 1909.
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Teutonic aground off Sandy Hook and running full astern to pull herself off. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
Once on her way, Teutonic had a fair passage across for the first four days, then a "fresh breeze to moderate gale, with rough sea, a fresh gale and rough sea being met on the last day of the voyage and got into Plymouth at 7:08 p.m. on the 23 June 1909. Landing 83 passengers and 23 bags of mail there, she had 74 passengers and 11 bags of mail for Cherbourg and a final 204 for Southampton where she docked at noon on the 24th.
Departing Southampton and Cherbourg for America on 30 June 1909 and Queenstown the next day, Teutonic went out with 49 First, 85 Second and 223 Third Class passengers. She got in on the morning of 8 July.
There were few liners with a more athletic and sports minded crew as Teutonic's and she was renown for her on board boxing matches and shoreside meets in New York for football (soccer), cricket and track and field competing local teams and clubs as well as rival steamship ones. During her call at New York, the Teutonic AC challenged the Baltic AC for the Elkington Challenge Cup (880 yards relay) and won it. Since the previous the Teutonic AC had won three cups and 36 gold medals in various track and field meets.
The eastbound Teutonic cleared New York on 14 July 1909 with 98 First, 141 Second and 189 Third Class, going out again with Mauretania. Enjoying splendid weather all the across, she arrived at Plymouth at 1:30 p.m. on the 21st where she landed 70 passengers and 23 bags of mail. At Cherbourg that evening she landed 86 passengers and 10 bags of mail and arrived at Southampton on the 22nd where her remaining 272 passengers disembarked.
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Log abstract card for Teutonic's 28 July-4 August 1909 Southampton-New York crossing. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
There were 90 First, 188 Second and 153 Third Class passengers destined for New York embarking in Teutonic at Southampton and Cherbourg on 28 July 1909 and the next day at Queenstown. She arrived at New York on the 5th. The big news of her voyage over was one of the boxing matches held aboard between one of her stokers and a former champion lightweight of the British forces:
Other deep sea pugilistic news which developed yesterday was that two of the stokers aboard the Teutonic had had a fight on board the steamship and had made such a good showing that they are to go on at the Sharkey Athletic Club next Wednesday. Rider Vino, one of the huskiest stokers on the ship, was matched against Frank Dymond who has held the lightweight champion-shlp of both the British army and navy. The men were matched to go ten rounds with four ounce gloves. Vino had the best of it until the fifth round, when Dymond rallied and began to give his opponent such a beating that the ship's officers stopped the bout at the end of the sixth round.
The bout was held on the main deck for a purse contributed by the first cabin passengers.
New York Tribune, 6 August 1909.
Departing New York on 11 August 1909 in Teutonic were 38 First, 53 Second and 269 Third Class passengers. As so often the crossing started with light breeze and fine clear weather, giving way to "N.W. breeze and heavy N.E. swell. In mid-Atlantic strong wind and rough sea, afterwards fine. On the last day of the voyage fresh breeze to moderate gale. She arrived at Plymouth at 1:30 p.m.on the 18th after making the crossing in 6 days 20 hours 36 mins. At an average speed of 18.70 knots. After landing 27 passengers and 693 bags of mail there, she left at 1:50 p.m. for Cherbourg for which she had 59 passengers and 246 bags of mail and arrived at Southampton on the 19th to disembark her remaining 109 passengers.
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Log abstract card for Teutonic 25 August-1 September 1909 Southampton-New York crossing. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
With her best saloon list in a long time, Teutonic (Capt. R.W. James) sailed from Southampton and Cherbourg on 25 August 1909 with 261 First, 184 Second and 322 Third Class who disembarked at New York on 1 September.
Departing again with Lusitania, Teutonic left New York on 8 September 1909 with just 16 in First, 58 Second and 127 Third Class passengers. On arrival at Plymouth on the morning of the 15th, Capt. James reported passing, three days out of New York, a very large iceberg… "one of the largest he had even seen." (Evening Herald, 15 September 1909). She docked at Southampton at 8:00 p.m. on the 15th.
Teutonic departed Southampton and intermediate ports on 22-23 September 1909 with another promising list of 229 First, 187 Second and 471 Third Class passengers who disembarked at New York on the 29th.
Eastbound traffic was still sparse and there were but 25 First, 36 Second and 311 Third Class booked on Teutonic's 6 October 1909 sailing for the Channel ports. What begin with fair weather ended with "a moderate gale and high sea," and Teutonic came into Plymouth at 7:20 a.m. on the 13th after a smart passage of 6 days 14 hours 2 mins. at an average speed of 18.8 knots. There were 25 passengers and 23 bags of mail off on the tender and she raised anchor and was off on her way in 20 mins. for Cherbourg to land 46 passengers and 12 bags of mail. Teutonic arrived at Southampton just after 8:00 p.m. on the 14, landing 297 passenger there.

Clearing Southampton Water on 20 October 1909 and Cherbourg that afternoon, and Queenstown the following day, Teutonic steamed westwards with a fair list of 56 First, 246 Second and 238 Third Class passengers who had what the New York Times called a "boisterous voyage" across, arriving at New York the morning of the 28th:
The vessel met two severe storms. The first struck soon after she sailed Queenstown. For hours the vessel was buffeted by westerly gales and high seas that repeatedly washed her decks. Mrs. Hiram Saunders Waters of Chicago was struck by a wave and knocked down, receiving a dislocated ankle.
The second storm was on Tuesday. High seas and violent gales were programme for more than twelve hours. The vessel sustained no damage.
New York Times, 29 October 1909.
Shortly after the White Star liner Teutonic, in yesterday, got out into the open sea from Queenstown she was boarded by the crest of a great wave which mowed off a ventilator and carried away a section of her rail just forward of amidships. As the wave rolled aft it picked. up Mrs. Hiram Saunders Waters of Chicago and hurled her against the after rail of the promenade deck. Her husband saw her pass his cabin window and ran out after her.
He reached her in time to prevent her from rolling off into the sea. Mrs. Waters was taken to her cabin suffering from shook chiefly, although she also had a blackened eye and one of her teeth was loosened. A seaman who was knocked down by the same sea broke two ribs.
The Sun, 29 October 1909.
Mrs. Hiram Saunders, of Chicago, arrived yesterday on the White Star liner Teutonic, from Southampton. The night before sailing she had a dream in which she saw herself carried over the ship's side by a wave. She also saw her husband carried over in his effort to save her. She told the dream to him, but neither gave it much consideration until two days out, when a big wave washed along the promenade deck and carried Mrs. Saunders with it. Her husband saved her, but she had sustained a dislocated ankle and bruises.
One of the Teutonic's stewards dreamed the night before salling that a passenger gave him a tip of £500. His dream also came near being realized, for he received a $5 bill yesterday when the Teutonic docked.
The New York Tribune, 29 October 1909.
Casting off from her North River pier on 3 November 1909, Teutonic was again bound for the Channel Ports with 29 First, 33 Second and 341 Third Class passengers who were favoured with "fine weather throughout the passage." Teutonic made Plymouth at 9:01 a.m. on the 10th where she landed 42 passengers and 19 bags of mail and left for Cherbourg and Southampton after just 15 minutes, arriving at the Hampshire port that evening.
As reported on 13 November 1909, Teutonic and Majestic would lay up at Southampton that January for overhaul.
It was a light westbound list-- 35 First, 120 Second and 150 Third Class-- from Southampton on 17 November 1909 and intermediate ports for Teutonic which arrived at New York on Thanksgiving Day, the 25th, in high wind and… a snowstorm. Indeed, she and other liners were all late and Teutonic was due in the day before. She anchored off Sandy Hook at 7:45 p.m. on the 24th in the blinding snowstorm and went no further that night.
In company with Mauretania, Teutonic departed New York on 1 December 1909, the White Star liner going out with 27 First, 53 Second and 474 Third Class among them Mrs. Emmeline Pankhurst, the British suffragette. They endured "rough weather throughout the passage," and arrived at Plymouth at 4:20p.m. on the 8th. After landing 74 passengers and 25 bags of mail, Teutonic made for Cherbourg for which she had 113 passengers and 11 bags of mail and arrived at Southampton on the 10th, landing her remaining 367 passengers.
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Credit: The Sun, 24 December 1909. |
Off on her last voyage of the year, Teutonic left Southampton on 15 December 1909. The onset of the voyage was marked by the tragic loss of a crewman, Curly Smith, seaman, who fell overboard off the Isle of Wight. When he was spotted going over the side, liferings were thrown towards him, the ship stopped and a boat lowered but he was not found in the haze. Capt. James pronounced the man as lost and during the voyage the passengers took up a collection for Smith's family. Teutonic arrived at New York on the 23rd with 43 First, 116 Second and 245 Third Class passengers.
Enjoying Christmas in port, Teutonic and her crew departed New York on 29 December with 22 First, 21 Second and 208 Third Class passengers. After a crossing "at the onset light breeze and moderate sea, then fresh gale and high seas, afterwards fine," she arrived at Plymouth at 2:02 p.m. on 5 January 1910. There, she dropped off 13 passengers and 23 bags of mail and resumed passage to Cherbourg to land 53 passengers and 12 bags of mail and had 184 remaining passengers who disembarked at Southampton on the 6th.
In 1909, Teutonic made 13 westbound crossings carrying 6,979 passengers and 13 eastbound crossings carrying 4,170 passengers or a total of 11,149 passengers.
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Teutonic postcard, FGO Stuart. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
1910
Teutonic and Majestic were laid up in Southampton for the entire winter and well into spring. On 8 January 1910 the Southampton Times and Hampshire Express reported that "Arrangements have been made for the Teutonic and Majestic to 'winter' in the Docks and not down the river. The vessels will lay side by side at no. 41 berth."
It was not until 16 April 1910 that Teutonic impending return to service was revealed when she returned to White Star's sailing list with a departure from Southampton for New York of 27 April. On the 23rd, she was reported to have visited by the Junior Institution of Engineers, "lying at the Test Quay."
With no press attention or mention of any refitting or drydocking, Teutonic (Capt. James) sailed from Southampton on 27 April 1910 and after calling at Cherbourg and Queenstown, made her first crossing in five months with 25 First, 143 Second and 515 Third Class. She arrived off the New York Bar at 3:34 a.m. on 6 May and was alongside later that morning but again, ignored by the press.
With 85 First, 64 Second and 106 Third Class passengers, among them J.J. Guerin, the Mayor of Montreal en route to the funeral of H.M. King Edward VII, Teutonic sailed from New York for the Channel ports on 11 May 1910. Her crossing accomplished "at the onset moderate to fresh S.W. breeze, followed by N.W. and N.E. wind, with heavy rain at the entrance to the English Channel," Teutonic arrived at Plymouth at 2:05 p.m. on the 18th, taking 6 days 21 hours 5 mins. Across at an average speed of 18.64 knots. She landed 53 passengers and 87 bags of mail there and sailed at 2:35 p.m. for Cherbourg where she landed 33 passengers and 38 bags of mail and arrived at Southampton on the morning of the 19th to land her remaining 260 passengers.
Departing Southampton at noon on 25 May 1910 and after calling at Cherbourg and Queenstown, Teutonic was New York-bound with 42 First, 120 Second and 286 Third Class passengers. Passing Sandy Hook at 7:00 a.m., 2 June, she was alongside her North River berth at midday. One passenger, Greely S. Curtis, a consulting engineer, brought over with him a Bleriot monoplane, "which he said he would use as a plaything rather than for big flights." (New York Tribune, 3 June).
Going out with Lusitania, Teutonic's 8 June 1910 sailing from New York had 170 First, 132 Second and 115 Third Class passengers including actress Marie Tempest who enjoyed "light variable airs and smooth seas throughout the passage," and arrived at Plymouth at 1:55 p.m. on the 15th. Teutonic did the passage in 6 days 20 hours 55 mins at an average of 18.67 knots. She had 103 passengers and 93 mail bags to land there and another 90 passengers and 22 bags of mail for Cherbourg and arrived at Southampton early on the 16th to disembark the remaining 234.
There were 68 First, 123 Second and 154 Third Class tickets sold to New York for Teutonic's 22 June 1910 sailing. She got into New York on the 30th, and among those disembarking was Miss Beatrice Forbes Robinson, English suffragrette and actress who was married two and a half hours after arrival.
Marking the beginning of the peak European travel season, 6 July 1910 saw Campania, President Lincoln and Teutonic sailing from New York, the White Star liner going out with 179 First, 107 Second and 103 Third Class passengers. Encountering "light easterly to fresh southerly breezes followed by rain and fog," Teutonic put in a slow crossing of 7 days 27 mins, averaging 18.27 knots, to reached Plymouth at 6:00 p.m. on the 13th. There, she shed 70 of her passengers and 769 bags of mail, with another 106 passengers and 279 bags to land at Cherbourg and a remaining 218 landing on arrival at Southampton at 4:00 p.m. the next day.
Westbound once again, Teutonic sailed from Southampton at noon on 20 July 1910 and when she cleared Queenstown the following, had 105 First, 165 Second and 123 Third Class passengers, one of whom had special berthing arrangements:
The modern Atlantic greyhound is the last word in the comfort and convenience of ocean travel, but for once even the varied resources of the White Star Line hare been put to the test.
The problem was Donald McCormick, the eight-foot drum major of the Kilties Band, who goes out to New York to-morrow in the Teutonic with tho rest of the company.
The ordinary ship's berth, though ample enough for the normal man," was totally inadequate to accommodate the length of limb of this modern son of Anak.
However, the stewards' department, sided, it may be, by the ship's carpenter, have risen to the occasion, and Donald will be able to cross comfortably to the other side in a specially elongated berth without any danger of cramp.
Southern Daily Echo, 19 July 1910.
The Kilties, a Canadian concert band was returning home after a lengthy tour in the Old Country. Teutonic was reckoned by the New York Times to "be the first transatlantic steamship to bring a story of rough weather along the North Atlantic," when she arrived late on 28 July 1910, after battling head seas and southwest gales for the last half of her crossing over.
Going out with Caronia on 3 August 1910, Teutonic left New York with 88 First, 69 Second and 117 Third Class passengers who enjoyed a much nicer crossing than the trip over with "moderate to fresh S.W. wind for the first three days, light airs in mid-Atlantic, then moderate, light, variable breezes, and smooth sea," and reached Plymouth at 1:32 a.m. on the 11th. She landed 39 passengers there in the middle of the night and 1,049 bags of mail and was off at 2:05 a.m. for Cherbourg for which she had 69 passengers and 388 bags of mail and on arrival at Southampton on the 12th, disembarked 187.
Teutonic arrived at Southampton during a dispute between White Star Line and their firemen and much depended on the attitude of her firemen, greasers and trimmers when they came in and more importantly, if they would sign-on for her next voyage out. Adriatic's firemen had already refused to sign but Teutonic's "black gang," probably the toughest and most independent in the Merchant Navy, decided against joining the strike which was soon settled.
On the job, her stokers had her fireboxes trimmed and the smoke rolling from her funnels as Teutonic clearing her Southampton berth at midday 17 August 1910 and after calling at Cherbourg and Queenstown, had a fine list of 242 First, 181 Second and 222 Third Class. Several of them caused much interest on arrival at New York on the 24th:
Among passengers arriving yesterday on the White Star liner Teutonic, from Southampton, were a party of three in the first cabin who had created considerable interest on the voyage over. Two were Italians, who were on the passenger list as Marucci, the Noble Emo of the Counts Castelpidaro, a man about 30 years old, and Aldo Benedetto, a youth of 15, who was dressed in a blue serge Knickerbocker suit, Eton collar, and short socks. The third was Marquis Spencer-Turner, O.S.M.G., an American, who explained that these Initials indicated that he was a Knight of the Sovereign Order of Malta.
New York Times, 26 August 1910.
There were only 33 First, 52 Second and 106 Third for Teutonic's 31 August 1910 departure for the Channel ports and arrived at Plymouth at 7:15 p.m. on 7 September after a fair weather and smooth seas passage all the way across. She landed 34 passengers and 354 bags of mail there with another 36 passengers and 90 bags to drop at Cherbourg and arrived at Southampton the following afternoon, disembarking her remaining 129 passengers.
A Liverpool correspondent has discovered is rumoured that when the Olympic and Titanic are completed and placed in the Southampton and New York service of the line the company will transfer from Southampton the well-known liners Majestic and Teutonic to their Liverpool and Canadian trade. Put another way that would mean that the Majestic and Teutonic, having become out of date for the first-class trade being done at Southampton, will return to Liverpool to end their days in respectable mediocrity.
Southampton Times and Hampshire Express, 10 September 1910.
Immune to such musings, Teutonic went about her business, still holding her own in the "first-class trade" for awhile longer and clearing Southampton on the morning of 14 September 1910, numbering among her passengers the Bishop of Salisbury and his Chaplain (the Rev. J.S. Johnson) and Count and Countess Moltke. On departure from Queenstown the next day, she had 259 First (almost a full house), 166 Second and 315 Third Class. She got into New York on the afternoon of the 21st.
Ignored by the press, Teutonic left New York on 28 September 1910 with a small enough list-- 27 First, 39 Second and 155 Third-- to warrant the disinterest. They had a blustery passage to Plymouth: "at the outset light to fresh N.W. and N.E. breezes, followed by W.S.W. gale, which continued for two days, then strong to moderate S.S.W. Breeze," arriving there at 4:15 p.m. on 5 October. Landing 11 passengers and 506 bags of mail. she was off 24 minutes later for Cherbourg where 52 passengers left her and on to Southampton whereher remaining 162 passengers disembarked on the 6th.
It was reported on 11 October 1910 that, as the previous winter, Teutonic and Majestic would be laid up at Southampton during the winter months.
Among those embarking in Teutonic for New York at Southampton on 12 October 1910 was Sir William Grey-Wilson, Governor of the Bahamas and Mr. W.B. Churchward, British Consul at Puerto Rico whilst at Cherbourg the French aviatiors Emile Aubrun, Rene Simon, C. Audemars and Rene Barrier embarked, bound for the International Aviation Tournament at Belmont Park. On departure Queenstown on the 13th, she went out with 93 First, 267 Second and 357 Third Class passengers and arrived at New York on the 20th.
Outbound from New York on 26 October 1910, Teutonic left with only 20 First, 37 Second and 224 Third Class passengers whose crossing featured "moderate to fresh westerly breeze at the onset, followed by a S.S.W. gale, light variable breezes and calms in mid-ocean,afterward strong N.W. breezes to fresh gale, which moderated on approaching the English Channel." Teutonic got them into Plymouth at 3:40 p.m. on 2 November, doing the passage in 6 days 17 hours 24 mins. at average speed of 18.43 knots. Fourteen passengers left her there and 1,109 bags of mail were landed before she left for Cherbourg with 93 passengers and 394 bags of mail and she arrived at Southampton on the 3rd, landing her remaining 181 passengers.
With 31 First,115 Second and 161 Third Class passengers, Teutonic passed Daunt's Rock, Queenstown at 1:10 p.m. on 10 November 1910 for New York where she docked on the 17th.
Outbound for the Channel Ports, Teutonic passed out of New York Harbor on 23 November 1910 with 19 First (one of the smallest list in this class in her history), 56 Second and 215 Third Class passengers. Teutonic took her time getting them to Plymouth and averaging 17.56 knots, she arrived at 12:15 a.m. on 1 December, 7 days 58 mins. out of New York. She landed 46 passengers, 1,341 bags of mail and $150,000 in specie there and resumed passage to Cherbourg where she landed 75 passengers and 388 bags of mail. On arrival at Southampton, she disembarked her remaining 171 passengers.
Work on completing the Ocean Dock, begun in 1907, was almost complete and it was reported on 19 November 1910 (Southampton Times and Hampshire Express) that "the new deep water dock has been so far completed that the White Star ship Teutonic will be berth there for overhaul in January."
Beginning her final voyage of the year, Teutonic sailed from Southampton on 7 December 1910. Following her calls at Cherbourg and Queenstown, she had 50 First, 149 Second and 111 Third Class passengers. Of more interest, however, was her record Christmas mail consignment she brought into New York on the 16th, totalling 5,174 bags which compared the previous recent records:
15 Dec 1909 Oceanic 5,134 bags
16 Dec 1908 Teutonic 4,653 bags
19 Dec 1907 Majestic 4,968 bags
20 Dec 1906 Majestic 4,599 bags
Among those disembarking were French aviators E. Audemars and Andre Bellot who were to take part in cross-country flights at New Orleans and San Francisco, and tenor Giovanno Zenatello.
Mail figured prominently on Teutonic's final departure from New York that season (and as events proved forever as a commercial liner) on 21 December 1910. She left with 5,004 bags of mail and $600,000 in specie, as well as 83 First, 78 Second and 293 Third Class passengers. The weather across featured "Off the American coast moderate westerly gale to strong westerly breeze, light variable winds and calms in mid-ocean, thence fresh northwest winds to Plymouth," where she arrived at7:33p.m. on the28th. She did the passage, her last from New York, in 6 days and 21 hours at an average speed of 18.1 knots with daily runs of 347, 295,419, 409, 411, 448, 437 and 107 up to the Eddystone. Teutonic landed 54 passengers and 3,920 bags of mail at Plymouth.
The White Star liner Teutonic, which reached Plymouth last night, brought 5,004 bags of mail which the ship's purser Mr. J. A. Shepherd, states the largest mail ever despatched from New York by east-bound vessel. This heavy consignment of mails is largely due to the fact that no German Lloyd liner called at Ply month on Monday, and there iss no doubt that the reduced postage rates between this country and the United States have helped to swell the bully of the enormous correspondence received from the States during the Christmas,
Of the 5,004 bags of mails brought by the Teutonic. 3,920 sacks were put ashore at Plymouth, 981 bags were for Cherbourg, and the remaining 103 for Southampton. This constitutes a record landing of mails for the Port of Plymouth, the largest previous number having been brought by the Philadelphia of the American Line, on December 26th, 1908 when 3,540 sacks were landed. in addition to the mails, 54 passengers and their baggage were disembarked at Plymouth, as well as 35 tons of silver specie. of the value of 600.000 dollars.
The weight of the mails put ashore was upwards of 100 tons, the rapid handling of which necessitated the engaging of 240 mail porters. Three G.W.R tenders awaited the arrival of the Teutonic in Cawsand Bay where the liner arrived at 7.50 p.m. by Two of the tender were back at Millbay Docks by 9.30 p.m. with passengers and the mails, whilst the third tender remained behind for the specie. The passenger special was despatched for Paddington 10.9 p.m.,the mails in ten vans, making up a train left the docks at 10.42 p.m. whilst the specie was sent to London by midnight passenger express, which left Millbay at 12:10 this morning.
Western Morning News, 29 December 1910.
In 1910, Teutonic made 9 westbound crossings carrying 4,588 passengers and 9 eastbound crossings carrying 2,784 passengers or a total of 7,372 passengers.
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White Star-Dominion Line poster featuring Teutonic by artist Montague Birrell Black. Credit: invaluable.com |

As is well known, the White Star Line have at present building at Belfast the Olympic and Titanic, vessels which for size will eclipse everyhing afloat, both leviathans being of 45,000 tons They will be propelled in the same manner the Laurentic. The Olympic will sail on her maiden voyage from Southampton, calling at Cherbourg and Queenstown, to New York On June 14th, and the Titanic will be launched at Belfast on May 31st.
The company's well-known steamer Teutonic will be taken out of the Southampton and New York Trade, and, after being refitted, placed in the Liverpool and Canadian trade in May. She will be altered so as to carry The two Teutonic classes when built was one of the first vessels adapted for of passengers- cabin and third class. mercantile armed cruiser. It was present as such on the occasion of the great naval review held at Spithead, and was visited by the German Emperor, who expressed his satisfaction with everything on board.
Southampton Times and Hampshire Express, 31 December 1910
White Star under I.M.M. enjoyed primacy over all other component lines of the combine, reflecting both their undoubted prestige and the astonishing amount of money for which they was acquired. But its ensuing expansion-- to Canada, Boston and the Mediterranean was on borrowed wings as it assumed what it had not created or nurtured. Of all of the great lines subsumed by the I.M.M. into White Star, none was greater than Dominion Line whose service from Liverpool into the St. Lawrence dated to 1872, followed by new routes to Boston and in 1901, to the Mediterranean. In 1903, all that had been accomplished by Dominion was given to White Star and operations thereafter known as "White-Star Dominion Line".
That Dominion were now the junior partner was demonstrated when the new Alberta and Albany, laid down in 1908, were instead completed as Laurentic and Megantic and ran under White Star colours with Dominion's Canada and Dominion on the weekly service. Amid burgeoning immigration to Canada, White Star-Dominion enjoyed booming business and by late 1910 and coincidental with the impending completion of the first of the monster trio for the New York run, Olympic, plans were made to place Teutonic on the Canadian run followed by Majestic following completion of Titanic. Teutonic would, in fact, be the first actual White Star ship to operate on the Canadian run and the first example of a "demotion" to that route although she immediately became possibly the fastest (as a rival to Canadian Northern's Royal George and Royal Edward), the longest and with the highest passenger capacity on the St. Lawrence route.

1911

On Christmas Eve, 1910, White Star announced that Teutonic "will be placed in the White Star-Dominion service, and will voyage between Liverpool and Quebec and Montreal throughout the season. The saloon accommodation is to be converted into second cabin, and she will also carry third-class passengers." (Lloyd's List, 24 December 1910). It was further announced that Dominion would be effectively replaced by Teutonic and be transferred to American Line's Liverpool-Philadelphia in yet another of IMM's now familiar inter combine tonnage swaps.
In an age when The Ocean Liner assumed great importance and those of White Star, given the anticipated introduction of Olympic that coming summer, even more headline generating, the news was afforded considerable newspaper coverage:
With the advent of the Olympic next summer the White Star Line must perforce find work elsewhere for one of the steamers now running on the Southampton-New York route, it is the Teutonic which is to be displaced. This famous liner is to be put into the White Star Dominion service to Canada but not before her existing first-class accommodation has been transformed into second-class. While there is no real loss of dignity to a ship which nowadays put into the Canadian trade the present step is a direct intimation that the crack boat in the New York passenger service is liable to be superseded. Not so many years ago the Teutonic and her sister-ship the Majestic represented the last word in Atlantic luxury That, however, was a period when the steamer of 10,000 tons or less was accounted of monster dimensions.
In point of speed the Teutonic is--and remains — a notable ship. On her first trip she crossed from Queenstown to New York in 6 days 14 hours 20 min. But two years afterwards when her engine had grown more accustomed to their work she reduced the Atlantic voyage to 5 days 16 hours 31 mins., or an average speed of 20.35 knots. It may be doubted if the Olympic will do much better than that, for comfort rather than speed is the modern aim of the White Star. The fact may be recalled that the Teutonic and the Majestic were both built for use a armed cruisers by arrangement with the Admiralty They were to carry 4.7’s and to be largely manned by Naval Reserve men. All that has now gone by the board. The removal of the Teutonic to the Canadian service where she should be highly popular, gets rid of at least one difficulty. If she and the mammoth Titanic had both been running on the Southampton- New York route their names would have caused endless confusion.
The Daily Telegraph, 2 January 1911.
It was an important announcement on many levels, representing the first direct transfer of significant White Star tonnage to the Canadian route and the first example of "demoting" an express liner to the route, in itself not perhaps entirely flattering. It would, however, place what was still one of the fastest and best known of all Atlantic liners on the St. Lawrence route and a direct response to the new Royal Line (Canadian National) Royal Edward and Royal George introduced in 1910 and breaking all speed records on the St. Lawrence run in short order.
Before the transfer is effected, the saloon accommodation of this vessel will be converted to second cabin, and extensive interior alterations of an attractive nature will be made. The Teutonic will, therefore, only take second and third class passengers in future.
London Evening Standard, 24 December 1910.
The Teutonic will then fully meet the needs of that increasing section of passengers who, whilst requiring high class accommodation, do not care to pay the higher pricing ruling in the steamers carrying both first and second class. The Teutonic will, therefore, only take second and third in future, as is already the practice in the came of the Canada and Dominion of the same service. These three twin-screw steamers, in conjunction the 'palatial Laurentic, triple-screw, and Megantic, twin-screw (which latter carry first, second and third class passengers, and are the largest is the trade) should form a very strong com bination, and White Star-Dominion Canadian service will thus he able to meet, the of what promises to be a strenuous Canadian newton next year.
The third class sleeping accommodation on the Teutonic will consist entirely of enclosed rooms---there will not be any open berths and as addition to the advantages mentioned the steamer will be the fastest in the Canadian trade, the importance of the transfer will be recognised.
Liverpool Journal of Commerce, 24 December 1910.
The most lasting result of Teutonic's redeployment on the Canadian run was the decision to convert her as "single class" (saloon or Second Class) ship with Third Class, as the first White Star ship of the sort that came to be called a "cabin boat" and a type that really originated on the Canadian route although it will be recalled that White Star's groundbreaking Cymric of 1899 had but one saloon class but this was rated as First, and Third Class only.
One of the more popular innovations among Atlantic intermediate liners in the decade before the Great War, were the so-called "Cabin boats," a development perhaps at odds with the prevailing class-consciousness of the Edwardian Era. Ironically, the Cabin Boat's egalitarian rationality was ruined in the norm bending "Roaring Twenties" by the contrivance of "Tourist Third." The Transat's Chicago of 1908 is often and erroniously cited as the first true cabin boat, offering what was called Classe Democratique as the sole saloon class accommodation, but White Star's Cymric of 1898 must take precedence here. The Canadian route quickly embraced the concept with White Star-Dominion introducing the concept to their fleet in 1908 with Dominion and in 1909 and then Canada a year later. Donaldson followed with the new Saturnia of 1910, then Cunard's Ascania a year later. The newbuildings for Cunard in 1913, too, were cabin ships and the type became a Canadian run staple.
However, nomenclature mattered in the Trans-Atlantic Passenger Conference, so pre-war there was technically no such thing as a "cabin" or "one-class" liner, rather "one-class (second class)" to qualify for the second class tariff. Irrespective of what it was called, the appeal remained for Second Class passengers who could now enjoy "top class" status and enhanced accommodation, deck space and public rooms at the same fare as being sandwiched in the middle on the big steamers. It also rationalised the layout on smaller intermediate-sized ships as well offering an acceptable trade-off of comfort for speed.
On 2 January 1911 White Star Line announced that after Olympic sailed on her maiden voyage from Southampton and Cherbourg on 14 June, Adriatic would be transferred to the Liverpool-New York and Teutonic to the Liverpool-St. Lawrence run of Dominion-White Star Line, carrying only Second and Third Class passengers, starting that May.
The Teutonic will be one of the biggest liners coming into Montreal, for she outstrips both the Laurentic the Megantic in size, being 582 feet in length, and 58 feet in breadth, as compared with the Laurentic and Megantic's length of 565 feet. The Allen liners Victorian and Virginian are 540 feet in length.
Some of the saloon accommodation of the Teutonic is to be converted into second cabin accommodation to meet the needs of the Canadian service, but the present general line of comfortable appointments will be maintained.
The ship will replace either the Dominion or the Canada, which have done excellent for the company between Liverpool and Canada in the past.
It is probable that the Teutonic will be followed on the Canadian route by the Majestic, sister ship of the Teutonic, as the White Star line will next year have the Olympic and the Titanic, now under construction on the New York service.
The bigger ships that will be brought up the St. Lawrence will enable the White Star-Dominion Line to compete for the new Canadian mail contract which is to be given out in 1912.
The Leader-Post, 3 January 1911.
Teutonic would be refitted for her new role at Southampton by Harland & Wolff's establishment there, "at the new deep water dock" (Ocean Dock) which had been built starting since 1907 for White Star and American Line and completed in time for Olympic's maiden voyage that June.
It should again be noted that what has repeatedly been asserted in other published accounts of Teutonic, namely that the refit was carried out at Belfast and included extensively plating in of her covered promenade decks, etc., are wholly inaccurate. The work was done at Southampton and was mainly concerned with re-arranging her existing First and Second Class accommodation to one-class (Second) and providing all private cabin accommodation for Third with very little structural alterations or changes to her appearance. When completed, she accommodated 550 Second and 1,000 Third Class passengers, more than any other ship on the Canadian run.
On 20 February 1911 the Liverpool Journal of Commerce reported that after two more voyages on the New York run, Majestic would "sail in the company's service between Liverpool, Quebec and Montreal throughout the summer and autumn in conjunction with the triple-screw Laurentic, and twin-screw Teutonic. The latter steamer is meanwhile fitted for second and third class passengers, for whom exceptionally attractive accommodation is be provided." Indicative of the promising record season to Canada, the Liverpool Journal of Commerce reported on 15 March that "all companies having tonnage running to Canadian ports from Liverpool have been beseiged with applications from all quarters for accommodation, and quite a number of steamers are already booked up…" It was added that Laurentic and Megantic, alone, carried over 10,000 third class passengers in 1910. It was further stated that Teutonic would make her first voyage to Canada on 13 May. By 3 April it was reported that her conversion was "nearing completion."
The Teutonic will carry cabin passengers in one class only and third class passengers. The cabin accommodation has been greatly enlarged, and a fine ladies' room has been added to the public rooms, which also include a spacious and beautifully decorated lounge and a smoking room. The stateroom are large and airy. The third class has also been rearranged and all passengers will be berthed in closed cabins, while the former second class dining saloon has been converted for their use, and a fine lounging room has been provided on deck.
The Standard, 18 May 1911.
With work on her completed well in advance of the opening of the St. Lawrence to traffic later that spring, it was arranged to dispatch Teutonic on a round voyage to New York carrying Second and Third only, from Southampton on 19 April 1911 that would return to Liverpool, her new base for her Canadian sailings.
The Teutonic, which takes the regular White Star New York sailing from Southampton tomorrow, is not to return to the Hampshire port. Her destination on the homeward voyage will be Liverpool, from which she is subsequently to trade with the St. Lawrence. For several weeks she has lain in the new deepwater dock at Southampton undergoing extensive alteration, to her passenger accommodation. She has now no first-class cabins, the whole of the saloon quarters being devoted to the requirements of second-class business. As this includes what were the first-class dining saloon. smoke-room, lounge, and reading and writing room, and also the promenade deck, the Teutonic will obviously be as attractive a ship as is in the Canadian service. In eliminating the first-class the White Star are of course only following a practice which they adopted some years ago.
Liverpool Journal of Commerce, 18 April 1911.
Teutonic left Southampton at noon on 19 April 1911 and arrived at New York, via Cherbourg, the evening of the 27th after a slow and stormy crossing of 7 days 4 hours and 46 minutes, The Sun (28th) reporting that she "never may be seen here again." She landed 296 Second and 301 Third Class passengers. "The White Star liner Teutonic, which twenty-two years ago was the crack flyer of the White Star Line, made her first trip to this port last night as a second class vessel. The 48,000-ton Olympic, which is due here in June, has forced her back into the "has been" class. While her arrival here last night is the first appearance of the Teutonic as a second rater, will be her last visit to this port. On her return to Liverpool she will be put into the Canadian service." (New York Tribune, 28 April 1911).

Bidding final farewell to New York on at 11:00 a.m. 3 May 1911, Teutonic sailed with 249 Second and 290 Third Class passengers for Liverpool, called at Queenstown, 6:50 a.m.-7:40 a.m. on the 10th and arrived in the Mersey at 9:00 p.m. the same day, her first visit there in four years. Among her cargo was 876 quarters of beef.
"Booked absolutely full," (Liverpool Courier), Teutonic with 536 Second Class and 763 Third Class passengers, sailed from Liverpool on her maiden voyage to Montreal at 7:00 p.m. on 13 May 1911, her passengers from London departing Euston at 12:10 p.m. and embarking at 5:15 p.m.
The Teutonic, which the White Star line have transferred from their New York service to the St. Lawrence route, commenced her first voyage to this port on Saturday with 504 cabin and 800 third class passengers. This is a pretty good showing for a first trip, and officials of the company here are pleased with the success which has attended the enterprise of taking the boat off the New York run and putting her on the St. Lawrence route. She will be replaced on the New York route by the Olympic, the largest vessel afloat at the present time.
The Gazette, 15 May 1911.
Whilst in Montreal on a business trip and meeting with White Star-Dominion officials there, P.A.S. Franklin, Vice President of IMM, told the Gazette:
... in order to meet the increased traffic by this route which they feel is bound to accrue during the next few years, they will in all probability, said Mr. Franklin, put the Majestic on this route in the near future. She is the sister ship to the Teutonic, and with these two ships running in conjunction with the Laurentic and Megantic, they will then have a fortnightly service here and Liverpool for each class of travel. 'The Laurentic and Megantic will as heretofore continue to carry on a service for the benefit of those who may desire a ship with three classes, while the Teutonic and the Majestic will appeal to those who prefer what is practically the combination of the first and second classes.
Teutonic comparatively loafed across on her first voyage to Canada and reported 135 miles southeast of Cape Race at 7:45 a.m. on the morning of 18 May 1911, occasioning The Gazette the next day to comment, "While she is not apparently doing any very rapid steaming on this, her first voyage, she likely to do far better later on, and even the fastest ships on the St. Lawrence route will have to look to the laurels, when her commander commences to push her."
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Teutonic sails from Quebec. Note her unaltered appearance. Credit: Archives Canada. |
Teutonic arrived at Quebec the morning of 20 May 1911, "the fine lines and graceful proportions of the ship are quite a contrast to most vessels coming into this port. The Teutonic is the longest steamer ever seen in the river, having an overall length of 582 feet, and her powerful engines of 18,000 horsepower, capable of developing a speed of knots an hour, it is expected she will win the blue ribbon honors on the St. Lawrence route." (The Standard, 18 May 1911).

When Teutonic came into Montreal on 21 May 1911, "owing to her great length there was some difficulty experienced in getting her to her berth yesterday morning. However, the mooring was successfully completed, and all passengers were ashore and most of them away from the sheds before lunch time. Captain James, who is command of the ship, said that with the exception of a couple of days of typical North Atlantic weather he had had a fair voyage." (The Gazette). It was added "in the course of her recent trip her biggest day's steaming was 457 miles, and while this is by no means approaching a record, her average must be considered a distinctly good one considering that she is new to the route. However, the question of speed is perhaps not quite so much a matter of necessity as is that of comfort, and it is in this particular she excels." It was claimed that her 536 Cabin passengers constituted a record for the Canadian run and including crew, Teutonic's compliment comprised 1,648. Of her new Canadians, the Gazette said "Like all the immigrants this season, they were a likely looking lot for this country, for they all appeared to be possessed of sufficient capital to carry them through several bad years in the West, to which they are bound, should it be necessary."
A dinner marking the ship's entry into the Canadian service was held aboard Teutonic the evening of the 23rd, "attended by many well-known citizens," (Montreal Star) which noted that "the Teutonic is one of the most famous liners in service, and is a splendid addition to the fine White Star fleet which is now coming to Montreal." The next day, Victoria Day, the ship was opened to visitors from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. and "many took the advantage of the opportunity to look over the ship," (Gazette, 26 May). That same day a party of 200 new settlers to the Dominion who came over in Teutonic, arrived at Winnipeg, many to settle there with others continued to destination further west via the C.N.R.. Another function, hosted by Captain James and White Star-Dominion Lines Montreal manager, James Thom, was held aboard on the 26th, a luncheon for 200 passenger agents and steamship agents.
Mr. Thom, in welcoming his guests, drew their attention to the fact that the ship, while by no means a new one, was still capable of making the best liners hustle if they wanted to beat her across the Atlantic, while as a sea boat there was scarcely one that could even today compare with her. Mr. George Ham, who represented the C.P.R. eulogised the White Star line for their enterprise in putting such vessels as the Teutonic and Majestic on the route, on which he believed there was plenty of room for all, with the Immigration increasing so much every year. It was certainly a good sign for the future of the St. Lawrence, he thought, that such a vessel as the Teutonic, which had in her day been one of the crack boats on the North Atlantic had been placed on the route.
The Gazette, 26 May 1911.
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Credit: The Montreal Star, 27 May 1911. |
Teutonic's advent on the Canadian run and indeed the introduction of Olympic, happily coincided with that apogee of The British Empire: the Coronation of H.M. King George V in June 1911. When Teutonic sailed from Montreal on her maiden eastbound crossing from The Dominion, many of her saloon passengers included those bound for London and the coronation festivities. As was customary for liners departing Montreal, sailing time was at daybreak and embarkation the previous evening:
The Teutonic, which is due to sail for Liverpool this morning, has been attracting crowds of visitors during her stay in port, and last night was no exception. Apparently there were but few of the hundreds who thronged her decks who were actually seeing friends spite of the fact that she is carrying 376 in the cabin and 83 in the third class. The majority who were on board had evidently attracted as much by curiosity as by anything else, and were loud in their praises of the ship and her appointments.
The Gazette, 27 May 1911.
Teutonic sailed on 27 May 1911 with 377 Second Class and 118 Second Class as well as six deportees. Calling at Quebec at 1:30 p.m., Teutonic proceeded eastbound into the St. Lawrence, passing Fame Point at 4:00 p.m. on the 29th and into the Atlantic. Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on 2 June.
Whilst Teutonic was coursing eastwards, the Southampton Times and Hampshire Express of 3 June 1911 picked up the story of Majestic joining on her on the Canadian run: "Mr. Franklin, the vice president of of the International Mercantile Marine, has made the statement that the Majestic will shortly be placed on the Canadian service of the White Star Line. If this turns out to be true, it will not be surprising, because it has been thought all along that she would follow the Teutonic, which in proving a popular boat on the St. Lawrence run. It is not certain when the Majestic will leave this port, but it won't happen this year. Perhaps she will be superseded by the Titanic, which is expected at Southampton early next year, but there is no official intimation on the point."

The strike by the International Seamen's Union which began on 14 June 1911 risked the scheduled sailings of Teutonic and Empress of Ireland that weekend for Canada from Liverpool, the 350-man crew of the White Star liner refusing to sign-on for the voyage. Olympic was just able to depart Southampton on her maiden voyage that day to New York. Only when White Star agreed to increased their wages by 10 s. a month, did Teutonic's men sign on just before her scheduled departure and that of Baltic.
Departing Liverpool on 17 June 1911, and after calling at Queenstown, Teutonic had 210 Second Class and 494 Third Class passengers for Canada. Making good time, she wirelessed at 3:00 p.m. on the 21st that she was 260 miles east of Cape Race and off Cape Ray at daylight on the 23rd, but as so often that time of year, dense fog encountered in the Gulf of St. Lawrence held up her and she did not get into Montreal until 6:00 a.m. on the 25th. Capt. James told the Gazette, he could have her in before noon on the 24th otherwise, having made some capital daily runs, the best being 480 miles.
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Credit: The Gazette, 26 June 1911. |
Having embarked her 485 First Class and 93 Third Class passengers (and seven deportees), Teutonic sailed from Montreal at 4:00 a.m. on Dominion Day (1 July 1911), passing Trois Rivieres at 9:45 a.m. and in this Golden Age of the Ocean Liner, she went out with Ionian and Cassandra for Glasgow, Albania, Mount Temple and Pomeranian for London. "It is not likely that any of the six will attempt the passage through the straits of Belle Isle, for up to the time of their sailing, latest reports as to the ice conditions in that neighborhood were far from reassuring." (Gazette, 3 July). Teutonic passed out of Fame Point at noon on the 2nd. She arrived at Liverpool on at 8:00 p.m. on the 8th.
Beginning her third voyage to Canada, Teutonic cleared the Mersey on 15 July 1911, her passengers embarking at Prince's Landing Stage at 5:15 p.m. for a 6:30 p.m sailing. After calling at Queenstown, she numbered 323 Second Class and 487 Third Class in her passenger list. At 2:00 p.m. on the 19th, she reported being 120 miles east of Belle Isle and making knots. Capt. James wirelessed the Montreal office on the morning of the 20th that Teutonic had logged 3 days 21 hours 45 mins. from Inistrahull to Belle Isle, a new record for the passage with daily runs of 267, 464, 457, 465 and 237 miles or averaging over 460 miles on her three full days' steaming. But once she was frustrated by fog after Belle Isle which slowed her progress and she got into Quebec too late on the 21st to land her Third Class passengers and instead of getting into Montreal at daybreak on the 22nd, she arrived on that afternoon. Just above Sorel, Teutonic was met in mid river by the outbound Laurentic, which a special party, hosted by White Star-Dominion, of members of the National Editorial Association, as far as Quebec, "The passing of these two great vessels, the Teutonic, only a few years ago the finest and fastest ship afloat, and the Laurentic, the biggest ship coming up the St. Lawrence, a pretty sight, and the ease with which it was done did much to impress the party with the developed capacity of the route." (Gazette, 24 July 1911). Teutonic was delayed docking and held at the quarantine station when it was found that 17 Third Class passengers had trachoma and landed there.
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Teutonic at Quebec with Allan Line's Grampian in the river. Credit: Archives Canada. |
A record in the handling of freight has been accomplished by the Teutonic, and even the heaviest packages have been delivered in Toronto by this vessel in practically the same time, as have been the malls arriving here addressed to that city. The Teutonic left Liverpool at 7 p.m. on Saturday, 15th, and arrived in, this port at 5 p.m. on Saturday 22nd. The freight which she brought for the Queen City was on board the cars tl at same night and was actually in Toronto on the Sunday afternoon.While there were, of course, no consignees in Toronto who would handle freight on a Sunday, it was there, If they had wished to claim it, and, as a matter of fact, many of them had the packages in their warehouses yesterday morning, a full couple of hours before they received the mall announcing its dispatch by that boat.
The Gazette, 25 July 1911.
Whilst embarking 193 Second Class and 58 Third Class the evening of 28 July 1911 for departure at daybreak the next day, the Gazette reported: "Captain James is determined to lower the record from land to land during the present season, and with a ship like the Teutonic, which was fast enough to be the crack vessel of all the lines running to New York in the early nineties, he should have little difficulty in accomplishing his desire, providing the weather conditions to not interfere with him." Her departure was marred by the death by drowning of a grain trimmer who jumped into the water near Teutonic's berth to save his hat which had blown into the water, and he suddenly sank. Two Teutonic seamen jumped in to save him but he never surfaced. He left a widow and a nine-month-old baby girl. Teutonic went out with four other liners: Ascania, Cassandra, Corinthian and Ionian. The White Star flyer put in an excellent run, reporting at 4:00 p.m. on 4 August to be just a few miles west of Malin Head, which the Gazette called "quite a notable performance" and indeed, she arrived at Liverpool at daylight the following day.
Less timely, more strikes broke out and coaling of ships in Liverpool, including Teutonic, came to standstill for several days starting on 10 August 1911. Able to get away on schedule but without full bunkers, Teutonic was sailed late on the 12th with 511 Second and 336 Third Class passengers. To conserve coal, she crossed at reduced speed and on arrival at Quebec on the 20th, took on 200 tons (mainly to ballast her to make her stiffer and easier to answer her helm up river) there before proceeding to Montreal where she docked on the afternoon of the 22nd. Although expected she would cross at half speed, Teutonic worked up to rather better, averaging 350 miles a day up to Quebec. She, at least, made it cross with Virginian and Megantic stranded on the other side for want of coal and their sailings for Canada postponed.
The strike was settled late on 22 August 1911, but White Star-Dominion took no chances and as they had with Laurentic, loaded Teutonic with sufficient coal for a roundtrip in Montreal and she went round to Windmill on the 23rd to take on full bunkers (4,000 tons in all) and would, consequently, sail with little cargo. Embarking her light compliment of 152 Second and 130 Third Class passengers the previous evening, Teutonic sailed at daybreak on the 26th fully coaled and provisioned for the round voyage. She arrived at Liverpool on 2 September.
During Teutonic's turnaround in Canada Dock, Liverpool, she was the focus of wild rumours that someone was trapped in one of her coal bunkers when men shifting her coal on 8 September 1911 claimed they heard "strange tappings" in one of the bunkers. A roll call of workers and a thorough search revealed nothing but the "Teutonic Mystery" was good newspaper fodder for several days up to her sailing for Canada.
With no further ado, Teutonic cleared the Mersey on 9 September 1911 for Canada, getting away at 2:30 p.m. with 496 Second and 423 Third Class passengers.Arriving at Quebec at 8:30 p.m. on 15 September 1911, Teutonic left there at 9:00 a.m. the following morning and got into Montreal at 7:00 p.m.. Among those landing there was a group of ministerial and lay delegates bound for the Ecumenical Methodist Conference in Toronto, convening on 4 October.
White Star-Dominion announced on 21 September 1911 three special Christmas sailings to the Old County: Canada 2 December, Megantic 9th and Teutonic on the 14th, from Portland, Maine, and Halifax, N.S..
With a light list of 139 Second and 130 Third Class embarked the previous evening, Teutonic cast off from her Montreal pier at daylight on 23 September 1911, passed Cape Magdalen outbound at noon on the 24th and arrived at Liverpool very early on the morning of the 30th in middle of storm which tossed the Mersey ferries about but, according to the Liverpool Evening Express, "larger craft appeared to come and go with supreme indifference to the wild elements. The Teutonic, of the White Star-Dominion service, arrived very early in the morning from Quebec and Montreal, and discharged her passengers at the Landing Stage."
Embarking her 320 Second and 269 Third Class passengers at Prince's Landing Stage on 7 October 1911, Teutonic sailed at 2:30 p.m. for Canada. After "a goodly share of the Atlantic's ugly mood last week," she arrived at Montreal at 12:30 p.m. on 14th. Teutonic sailed at daybreak on the 21st, and after calling at Quebec later that day, had 179 Second and 186 Third Class passengers aboard and got into Liverpool on the 28th.
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Credit: The Gazette, 14 November 1911. |
No stranger to North Atlantic weather, Teutonic was sorely tested on her next voyage and last to Montreal for the season, before the St. Lawrence was closed to navigation. Sailing from Liverpool on the afternoon of 4 November 1911. Teutonic went straight into the first a series of gales within five hours of clearing Mersey Bar. When the battered liner finally got into Montreal on the morning of the 13th, a day and a half late, the Gazette recounted a voyage her 111 Second and 375 Third Class passengers most likely wished they could have missed entirely:
With every vestige of her deck awnings and curtains ripped to shreds within five hours of leaving Liverpool a week ago Saturday, her life boats filled with water and her forward boom smashed off at the hilt by the mountain seas that swept the liner from stem to stern, the Teutonic steamed into port yesterday morning, only a day and a half late. The ship had not one day of moderate weather on the whole voyage, and simply blew from one gale to another, while the passengers were kept locked below decks until the sheltered waters of Belle Isle were reached. When she entered the Straits the Teutonic was one mass of ice from mast- to main deck, which, passengers declare made her a very pretty picture when they were finally allowed on deck, although the sight was almost too a reminder of the uncomfortable time they had had to be enjoyed. Despite the terrific battering of the waves, which even on the unpoetical chart sheet were termed as 'mountainous,' the vessel suffered no serious damage, except to paint and rigging. But the voyage was one that both officers and men declare they will remember for the balance of their lives, as few except the most hardened sea-goers of the crew escaped violent attacks of sea sickness, while every one of the passengers was laid low. In the heaviest of the hurricane, yesterday week, with seas rolling forty feet and over, the liner made only three knots, and her total run for that twenty-four hours was 186 miles.
The Gazette, 14 November 1911.
The bad weather followed Teutonic right into the St. Lawrence and although expected to get into Montreal on the 12th, she "compelled to anchor in the rain and high wind and Vercheres last night," and only Royal George made it into Montreal over the weekend and she was three days late. Lake Manitoba arrived in the port on the 14th, logging an extraordinary 17 days for her passage from Liverpool. According to the Gazette of the 15, "the Teutonic was the only boat to report much damage. Her greater speed and bulk are probably responsible for what damage was sustained."
Making her final sailing from Port of Montreal of the season, Teutonic departed at daybreak on 18 November 1911 and following her call at Quebec, had 113 Second and 399 Third Class passengers for Liverpool where she arrived on the 26th.
Like all Canadian route lines, White Star-Dominion had their own alternate North American ports when the St. Lawrence River was closed to navigation (usually late November through April) and this was Halifax, N.S., and Portland, Maine.
Making her first such voyage, Teutonic left Liverpool on 30 November 1911 with 53 Second and 181 Third Class, the meagre passenger list not atypical for a not terribly appealing time for an Atlantic crossing at that time of year. How unattractive was shown on her first crossing and on arrival at Halifax the evening of 7 December, The Evening Mail reporting that "Teutonic encountered strong winds and rough and high seas almost the entire passage. She made a good run yesterday, however, covering 450 miles. On the 3rd she made only 190 miles. The Teutonic is capable of making 20 knots, in fact on her last trip to Montreal she made 474 miles on November 11, an average of 20 miles an hours for twenty-four hours. The Portland Sunday Telegram (10 December) reported: During the trip from Liverpool the decks of the liner were from time to time swept by high seas and during a hurricane on Dec 3 the weather was so severe that the officers were scarcely able to remain on the decks and had to have a firm hold of the railing. That day the speed of the vessel was so reduced that the vessel-covered but 190 miles in the 24 hours."
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Credit: The Evening Mail, 8 December 1911. |
Teutonic landed 28 Second and 128 Third Class passengers at Halifax and The Evening Mail added that "the officers are all practical strangers to this port, having been on the Teutonic on her former route. They speak highly of Halifax harbor. She is commanded by Captain R.W. James, her surgeon is Dr. L. Adamson, her purser W.J. O'Hagen and her chef steward S.H.Tweedle." Teutonic sailed for Portland shortly after noon on 8 December 1911.
Reminding of her Blue Riband winning past as the last of the White Star record breakers, Teutonic managed a minor record on her new route when she arrived at Portland, Maine, at 4:46 a.m. on 9 December 1911, from Halifax, her 17-hour, 10-minute passage cutting more than an hour off the previous best for the run. She landed 21 Second and 141 Third Class passengers there. She briefly joined Megantic in the harbour which sailed at 10:30 a.m.:
The steamship Megantic of the White Star line sailed yesterday morning at 19.30 with 800, passengers and a large general cargo. This her last trip here for the season, and to take proper notice of the same the Fu-Fu Band, composed of 23 members of the steward's department of the steamship Teutonic under the leadership of B. Clark, the director, played a serenade as the Megantic slowly steamed out into the harbor. This furnished much amusement for the passengers of the Megantic, and they clearly showed their appreciation and interest.
Portland Sunday Telegram, 10 December 1911.
Teutonic left Portland for Halifax and Liverpool on 14 December 1911: "With tuneful blasts from the Teutonic FuFu band and cheers from a large crowd gathered at the dock, nearly 800 passengers returning to their native lands to pass the holidays with the 'old folks at home' sailed on the steamer Teutonic today for Liverpool. More passengers will be taken on at Halifax. All carried an extra amount of luggage, taking home presents purchased in the 'new land' for their relatives who have never been able to come to America. It is expected that the greater number of these people will return after the holidays or early in the spring."(Morning Sentinel, 15 December 1911). Almost all of her passengers were Canadians, from as far as Edmonton, Saskatoon and Winnipeg via St. Paul and Chicago to Portland on special trains of the Grand Trunk Railway.
Homewards, Teutonic called at Halifax on 15 December 1911 and left for Liverpool at 10:00 a.m. "with a full passenger list," which in reality consisted of 237 Second and 579 Third Class, reflecting her special Christmas excursion. They were favoured with a very fast winter crossing of just 5 days 19 hours with Teutonic arriving at Liverpool on the 21st.
In 1911, Teutonic made 9 westbound crossings carrying 6,485 passengers and 9 eastbound crossings carrying 4,107 or a total of 10,592 passengers.
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Teutonic at Quebec. Credit: Archives Canada. |
1912
Laid up at Huskisson Dock, Liverpool for overhaul until February, Teutonic was the scene of a tragic accident on 15 January 1912 when two of her crew found a revolver in the captain's cabin in a case containing four of the weapons and whilst of them was handling it, it discharged, entering the shoulder of John Groom, aged 27, of Bootle. He was taken to hospital but died late that night.
Returning to service, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 10 February 1912 with 155 Second and 347 Third Class passengers. Arriving off Halifax in a heavy snowstorm, she was due to berth there at 8:00 a.m. on the 16th, but was not able to berth until 4:00 p.m. that afternoon where she landed 286 passengers. One, William J. Barrett, looking for an exchange office to buy a ticket for Montreal, opened instead a side door to the pier and fell right into the water between wharf and ship, "He held himself on the edge of an ice cake until rescued with considerable difficulty," (Telegraph-Journal, 19 February). Among her passengers was Capt. McDade of the schooner Hibernia, of Hansport, N.S. which was abandoned at sea and her crew finally rescued by the steamer Dennis and taken to Liverpool. Teutonic left Halifax on the 18th and got into Portland at 1:00 a.m. on the 19th.
Sailing from Portland at 10:00 a.m. 24 February 1912 with 33 Second and 50 Third Class passengers, Teutonic arrived at Liverpool at 2:00 p.m. on 2 March at 2:00 p.m., coming in a half hour after Cymric from New York.
On 22 February 1912 the Canadian Olympic Committee announced that the team for the 1912 Games to be held in Stockholm that July, would sail from Montreal on 15 June in Teutonic, train at Crystal Palace London and then continue to Stockholm to arrive on 2 July a few days before the games started.
Teutonic left Liverpool at 2:30p.m. on 9 March 1912 for Halifax and Portland with 366 Second and 821 Third Class. On arrival at Halifax on the morning of the 16th, she landed 560 of her passengers there. Once again winter weather on the Nova Scotian coast impacted schedules and although due to arrive at Portland on the morning of the 17th, a severe snowstorm had her, instead, coming in at 8:00 a.m. On the 18th "after a rough passage of nine days," (Sun-Journal) and landed 597 passengers. Teutonic left Portland on the 23rd for Liverpool with 48 Second and 56 Third Class passengers where she arrived on the 30th.
One of the most prolonged and impactful of the strikes which were an increasing challenge to the perceived order of the Edwardian Era in Britain-- the national coal strike-- began on 28 February 1912 and soon had one million miners take part, with crippling effects to national industry, railways and shipping which were so dependent on coal, and lasted for 37 days, ending on 6 April after a minimum wage for miners was established. In the meantime, White Star, like most British based lines, had to cancel numerous sailings and lay up ships for want of coal. On 13 March it was announced that in addition to cancellation of Oceanic's sailing from Southampton to New York on the 27th and that of Majestic from Liverpool to Boston on 10 April, Teutonic's 6 April departure for Portland and Halifax was cancelled and instead Cymric's scheduled departure from Liverpool to Boston on 6 April would depart on the 10th for Portland.
Teutonic was laid up in Huskisson Dock from 30 March 1912 and would not return to service until her scheduled next sailing, and her first that season to the St. Lawrence, from Liverpool on 4 May. Preparatory to that, she was drydocked in the Canada Graving Dock on 20 April.
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Credit: The Gazette, 14 May 1912. |
With 547 Second and 736 Third Class, Teutonic resumed service upon her 2:30 p.m. departure from Liverpool on 4 May 1912 for Quebec and Montreal. Braving strong westerly winds, fog and rain from Cape Race and Father Point, passing the latter at 1:30 p.m. On the 12th, Teutonic got into Quebec early the following morning and Montreal that evening after a long and miserable 8-day crossing:
White Star liner Teutonic arrived at Montreal last night, after a passage that, to judge from her log, must have been trying to those of her passengers who were not good sailors. Teutonic left Liverpool about 4 p.m. May 4. There was a moderate sea with passing showers May 5, and rough sea the next two days, while by the 8th the strong winds of the previous days had become a gale. May 9 and 10 were marked by fog and mist, and several small 'bergs were passed, moderate sea being the report for the Gulf. The passage from Liverpool Bar to Father Point occupied 8 days, 2¼ hours.
The Gazette, 14 May 1912.
On her first eastbound crossing from the port that season, Teutonic, with 229 Second and 58 Third Class passengers, cleared Montreal at daybreak on 18 May 1912. She reported passing numerous icebergs on both sides of her track across the North Atlantic in a wireless received at Malin Head, Ireland, on the 25th, and arrived off Prince's Landing Stage, Liverpool at noon that day. She had, in fact, put in a record time for a White Star liner on the Montreal-Liverpool crossing:
The record time for a White Star liner going from Montreal to Liverpool has been wrested from Laurentic, the previous holder of the record, by the Teutonic, which, sailing from Montreal May 18, did the 2,635 miles to Liverpool Bar in six days and fifteen minutes, knocking three hours and fifteen minutes exactly from Laurentic's record. White Star officials are of opinion that it will be a considerable time before the present record is broken or before Teutonic is retired from the St. Lawrence route in favor of a newer vessel.
The Gazette, 10 June 1912.
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Teutonic shows off her post summer 1912 appearance with collapsible boats under her lifeboats at her existing radial davits with extra boats decked on her poop deckhouse. Credit: Merseyside Maritime Museum. |
As a consequence of the outrage over insufficient lifeboat accommodation, specifically on British liners, after the loss of Titanic, a scramble to provide sufficient boats for all ensued that summer of 1912. For Teutonic, like most others, it meant the expedient of collapsible boats under the existing lifeboats, which gave her her final peacetime appearance.
When Teutonic cleared the Mersey for Canada on 1 June 1912, her 350 Second and 729 Third Class passengers were joined by no fewer than 23 stowaways who were found soon after departure. As the ship had sailed amid rumours of yet another seaman's strike, the men, who were mostly of a seafarer background, were suspected of trying to get to the other side to find work. They made the roundtrip and turned over to Liverpool police on return. During the voyage, the infant son of two Third Class passengers was baptised aboard by the Rev. W.A. Perry who was named Horace George Edward Star, The Gazette (10 June) adding: "The name of the ship is often conferred in baptism, but Horace may be grateful when he grows up that instead of being called Teutonic he received one of the names of the line to which the ship belongs." Teutonic arrived at Montreal just after 6:00 p.m. on the 8th.

Among the 404 Second and 79 Third Class passengers embarking in Teutonic for Liverpool the evening of 14 June 1912 were 45 of Canada's Olympic Team bound for the games in Stockholm and despite the hour of her sailing-- 1:00-2:00 a.m. on the 15th, 200-300 wellwishers waved them off from the pier. "This boat was selected on account of her ample deck accommodation for training and her speed,"(The Winnipeg Tribune). Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 23rd.
With 283 Second and 483 Third Class aboard, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 29 June 1912 and they experienced an unseasonably and very cold crossing of the North Atlantic and even on arrival at Quebec where a stiff nor'easter came up the river. One Third Class passenger, a Mrs. Morgan, "suffered a cardiac affection which terminated fatally" and was buried at sea. Teutonic berthed at Montreal at 9:45 a.m. on 7 July, her passengers really feeling the sudden heat wave that gripped the city after their cold crossing. It was peak season and Teutonic arrived along with Lake Champlain, Scandinavian and Letitia. Most of Teutonic's Third Class and many Second Class were settlers bound for the West.
Among a patrol of American Boy Scouts from Montclair, N.J, the Albatross Patrol, which belonged to the elite Baden-Powell Boy Scouts, sailing in Teutonic for England for a six-week tour (including being received by Sir Baden-Powell and presented to H.M. King George V) was Master Irving Hull-Mitchell, son of P.V.G. Mitchell, asst. passenger travel manager of White Star-Dominion Line in Montreal. They were among the 285 Second and 120 Third Class embarking on the evening of 12 July 1912 for departure, along with Scandinavian and Letitia, at daybreak the next day. Capt. James' sailing orders gave him the option of using the shorter course through the Straits of Belle Isle, "but it was uncertain last night whether he would avail himself of this clause in his sailing orders."(Gazette, 13 July). Teutonic arrived at Liverpool at 4:00 p.m. on the 21st.
"Teutonic, July 27-- Second Class passengers embark at Prince's Landing Stage 12 30 p.m. Steamer sails at 2 30 p.m. Special from Euston 9 30 a.m." was the typical sailing announcement in the British papers and 418 Second and 574 Third Class passengers took notice, joining Teutonic on a well patronised high summer westbound sailing. She went out with Lusitania, bound for New York. Coursing westbound, Teutonic reported at 4:40 a.m. on 2 August to be 125 miles northeast of Cape Race and 40 miles east of Fame Point as of 3:15 p.m. on the 3rd. She got into Montreal at 7:15 p.m. on the 4th, and would have made a record passage were it not for one day at reduced turns owing to adverse weather conditions and logged 454 miles on 29 July. "The passengers also included many professional musicians and vocalists who were organized on the trip by Miss P. Alfonte, of Chicago, who has been performing in Leipsic and Berlin, with the result that a the concerts on Teutonic this trip will be long remembered by all who had the privilege of attending them. " (Gazette, 5 August 1912). Over 100 of her passengers were through booked to the United States.
Homewards from Montreal at daybreak on 10 August 1912, Teutonic went out with 169 Second and 80 Third Class passengers and specie for the Bank of England comprising 44 silver ingots worth $24,000. As had become custom, she sailed in company with Allan's Scandinavian and Donaldson's Letitia. Not sailing with Teutonic were two of her firemen who had been charged with stealing from the ship's stores who were sentenced to a month's hard labour ashore followed by deportation. Teutonic arrived in the Mersey on the 18th.

With a good list of 525 Second and 629 Third Class passengers, Teutonic departed Liverpool on 24 August 1912. She put in a capital passage, proving still had the makings of a greyhound at the ripe old age of 23. Indeed, she set two new records: Liverpool Bar to Father Point 6 days 1 hour 40 mins. and Quebec to Montreal in 9 hours exactly, 15 mins. under the old record. She left Quebec at 8:00 a.m. on the 31st and arrived at berth at Montreal at 5:00 p.m. precisely. "Teutonic seems to have experienced only the fag end of the recent gale on the Atlantic, the sea having been rough on two days out of the six, though on August 29 the log states there was a very rough sea. The distance covered during the slowest day's steaming was 433 miles, and during the quickest, which was on August 26, 461 miles." (Gazette, 2 September).
Among her passengers landing at Quebec on 30 August 1912 were 109 "domestics" going out to jobs in Ontario under the auspices of the Women's Domestic Guild which prompted the Gazette (31 August) to comment: "If a few more ships emulated the example of the White Star liner Teutonic which arrived at Quebec last night from Liverpool, the servant problem would not be so acute in Canada as housekeepers often say it is."
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Log abstract card for Teutonic's 7-14 September 1912 Montreal-Liverpool crossing. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
Sailing from Montreal at daybreak on 7 September 1912, Teutonic made Quebec at 2:25 p.m. and had a total of 166 Second and 100 Third Class, going out, as usual, with Scandinavian and Letitia. Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 15th.
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Credit: Commercial, 2 December 1912. |
"One the surest signs of the prosperity of the country is to be found in the ever-increasing numbers who have money to spend on foreign travel. The White management report that already they fear the provision for Christmas sailings they have made may prove inadequate, so unexpectedly brisk have the bookings been to date," so reported The Gazette on 12 September 1912 in announcing White Star's programme of Christmas sailings to the Old Country from Portland, Maine, and Halifax, N.S.: Laurentic on 7 December, Teutonic on the 14th and Canada on the 21st. Megantic would make an extra sailing just before the closure of the St. Lawrence for the season, on 23 November.
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Credit: The Gazette, 30 September 1912. |
Off again for Canada, Teutonic cleared Liverpool on 21 September 1912 with 536 Second and 440 Third Class passengers who, according to the Gazette, "were prostrate in consequence" of two days of heavy seas at the beginning of the crossing. Teutonic put in another smart passage regardless, managing to depart Liverpool on Saturday and making Montreal on the following Saturday (28th) by 5:00 p.m., logging 6 days 7 hours 13 mins from Liverpool Bar to Father Point.
Eastbound from Montreal at daybreak on 5 October 1912, Teutonic went out with 151 Second and 113 Third Class passengers following her call at Quebec where she arrived at 1:50 p.m. that day and got into Liverpool on the 12th.
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Credit: The Gazette, 28 October 1912. |
There were 186 Second and 355 Third Class embarking Teutonic at Liverpool on 19 October 1912 for Quebec and Montreal, arriving at the former at midnight on the 26th and at the latter on the following afternoon. And doubtless glad to see the end of what had been a rough crossing, according to The Gazette (28 October): For five days of the seven during which her voyage lasted, White Star liner Teutonic, which her voyage which arrived here from Liverpool yesterday, reported westerly to northwesterly gales strong and rough seas. Fierce, squally weather and whole northwest gales and tremendous seas was the report for October 23. There still seems no indication of the storms on the Atlantic abating. " One of her passengers, Mr. H.A. Nelson, of Huddersfield, England, was completing his 43rd trip across the Atlantic.
Starting her final crossing from Montreal for the season at daybreak on 2 November 1912, Teutonic sailed with 107 Second and 686 Third Class. She and the Allan liner Corsican arrived at Liverpool together on the 9th.

Making her last voyage of the year and first that season to Portland and Halifax, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 30 November 1912 with 78 Second and 280 Third Class passengers. They enjoyed a routine crossing which got them into Halifax on the afternoon of 6 December after a crossing of 6 days 20 hours where 44 Second and 204 Third disembarked. Proceeding to Portland on the 8th, she arrived there at 1:50 p.m. on that afternoon. Her return Christmas crossing was hugely popular with special trains organised from western Canada including Edmonton with what was called the largest eastbound special yet dispatched from that city on the 9th, departing at 9:00 a.m. and run in two sections, each with eight coaches, and routed via the Grand Trunk Railway into Portland. In all four special trains were run and had Teutonic well-booked with 442 Second and 829 Third Class passengers, sailing on 14 December and reaching Liverpool on the 21st.
In 1912, Teutonic made 10 westbound crossings carrying 8,381 passengers and 10 eastbound crossings carrying 4,205 or a total of 12,586 passengers.
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Official White Star-Dominion card for Teutonic, by Montague Black. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
1913
As usual, Teutonic underwent her annual overhaul at Liverpool until mid February 1913.
It was announced on 27 January 1913 that the St. Patrick's Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Toronto would be coming over to visit chapters in Ireland and Scotland and sail across in Teutonic departing Montreal on 3 May, which would make a special call at Queenstown to land them. The party would return on Teutonic's 14 June sailing from Liverpool.
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Credit: The Evening Mail, 22 February 1913. |
Returning to service, Teutonic left Liverpool for Halifax and Portland on 15 February 1913 with 231 Second and 560 Third Class. Enjoying "an uneventful voyage with good clear weather all the way," (The Evening Mail, 22 February), Teutonic had only one day of rough weather, recording daily runs of 369, 450, 432, 437, 338, 417 and 152 miles, she put in a fine passage indeed, logging 6 days 9 hours for the 2,645-mile run from Liverpool Bar. Coming into Halifax at 9:00 p.m. on the 21st, too late to clear quarantine, she anchored off for the night and berthed the following morning where she landed 111 Second and 142 Third Class passengers. Sailing at 12:25 p.m. on the 22nd for Portland, she arrived there on the 24th to land her remaining passengers, many of whom were settlers bound west by special Grand Trunk Railway trains.
Homewards, Teutonic cleared Portland on 1 March 1913 for Liverpool with 47 Second and 60 Third Class passengers and arrived there on the 8th.
The Kewaskum Statesman of 1 March 1913 reported that "eight new trans-Atlantic liners are under construction for the exclusive use of the Canadian trade. These are being built by White Star, Canadian Pacific and Cunard companies. The liners to be built for White Star are to be of the same type as the Laurentic and Majestic, and will be replace the Canada and the Teutonic."

Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 15 March 1913 with a good list of 533 Second and 671 Third Class as emigration to Canada continued to burgeon and already the year was shaping up as one of the busiest with many sailings booked up through April. The Salvation Army in Britain was a major sponsor of immigrants to the Dominion, both domestics and farmers, and in March alone, it sent over 500 agriculturists, after training at the Army's Hadleigh Farm for three to four years. Among them were 185 aboard Teutonic which arrived at Halifax at 11:15 a.m. on the 23rd, late after meeting "very adverse weather conditions," after two fine days at the onset of the crossing. She was a full two days late, "being swept on the way across by a tidal wave which put of the fires and did great damage."(The Vancouver Sun, 31 March) and took an extraordinary 7 days 23 hours on the passage. After landing 600 of her passengers there, she departed for Portland at 6:20 p.m. and arrived the following day.
Departing Portland on 29 March 1913, Teutonic had 56 Second and 85 Third Class passengers for Liverpool where she arrived at 6:00 p.m. on 5 April.
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Credit: The Gazette, 8 April 1913. |
On 7 April 1913 Hon. L.P. Pelletier, Postmaster-General of the Dominion of Canada announced a new trans-Atlantic mail contract, which increased Canada's contribution to $1 mn., "Canada's growing wealth enables her to bear greater share in carrying Dominion mails," headlined the Gazette, and changed the existing weekly service by four steamers, there would be, starting in May, a tri-weekly service in summer, by 12 steamers, and a bi-weekly one in winter by eight steamers with an extra one held in reserve.
The contract was with Allan Line, Canadian Pacific, Canadian Northern and White Star-Dominion. The summer mail boats were Allan's Victorian, Virginian, Corsican, Tunisian, and until the advent of the magnificent Alsatian and Calgarian, Grampian and Hesperian; Canadian Pacific's Empress of Britain and Empress of Ireland; Canadian Northern's Royal George and Royal Edward; and White Star-Dominion's Laurentic and Megantic. In the winter the ships would comprise Empress of Britain, Empress of Ireland, Alsatian, Victorian, Virginian and the relief ship would be Teutonic for "any steamer disabled or delayed."
The million dollar cost to the Dominion (an increase over the previous $650,000) was offset by saving the $180,000 paid to the U.S. Government for transhipment of Canadian mails via New York, and Britain would pay for the carriage of her mail to Canada. Summer sails would be on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays from Montreal and Quebec in summer and from St. John, NB, and Halifax, NS, in winter, with British mails landed in summer at Quebec although that for the Maritimes would be taken off at Rimouski. The contract marked a high point for Canadian trans-Atlantic services and with it and such new liners as Alsatian and Calgarian, usher in a golden age for the Dominion's trans-Atlantic links with the Mother Country.
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Credit: The Gazette, 11 April 1913. |
On 16 April 1913, White Star-Dominion that Teutonic would fulfill her relief mailship role immediately and, in fact, be the first dispatched from Canada on the new sailing day of Tuesday from Montreal and Quebec on 6 May and 3 June. As such, she was replacing the CNR liner Royal George for two roundtrips after she had been seriously damaged running aground on Beaumont Shoal ten miles below Quebec on 30 October 1912 and still undergoing repairs.
With 536 Second and 716 Third Class passengers, Teutonic departed Liverpool on 19 April 1913 on her first voyage of the season to the St. Lawrence, indeed she was among the first so dispatched preceded by Lake Manitoba, Ionian and Tunisian. During her voyage across news was received of the launch, at Belfast, of the magnificent new Ceramic for the Australian route. Thanks to her speed, Teutonic was the first passenger steamer to reach Montreal that season, docking at Shed no. 4 at 8:00 a.m. on the 27th.
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Credit: The Montreal Star, 28 April 1913. |
Capt. James gave the Gazette a full report on the voyage over:
Though there is less ice in the North Atlantic this year than usual, Captain James stated he had met an iceberg and several growlers had farther east on this voyage than he had ever encountered before. It was in 48 degrees 46 minutes north latitude and 40 degrees 40 minutes west longitude, that the ice was met with, but after 43 degrees 50 minutes west longitude, no more was seen except some heavy field ice 36 miles southeast of Cape Ray, and about two miles to the south of the steamer's track. The weather was fine and clear through the voyage, though the sea was at times rough, but in spite of this, the Teutonic made an excellent voyage averaging well over 400 knots daily, covering the long course to the south of Cape Race in 6 days, 16 hours.

The crossing was marred by the tragic death of Miss Sarah Baker, by heart failure following sea-sickness on 21 April 1913and she was buried at sea. She was bound for Winnipeg to marry her fiance there. Most of Teutonic's passengers were settlers bound the West and landed at Quebec to board special trains there and in all, that first weekend of the St. Lawrence season, Teutonic, Tunisian and Lake Manitoba landed 5,225 new Canadians in the Dominion. In addition, Teutonic came in with no fewer than nine stowaways who would be deported immediately and taken back to England on the return sailing for prosecution.
First White Star-Dominion liner to carry His Majesty's Mails from Canada under the new contract, R.M.S. Teutonic, embarked her 306 Second and 269 Third Class passengers the evening of 5 May 1913 and sailed at 3:35 a.m. the following day. Among them was her party of Masons from Toronto, Canadian champion swimmer George Hodgson and, boarding at Quebec (where she arrive at noon that day), the six cadets representing Canada in the rifle matches in England, "who were given a rousing send-off, there being a large crowd on the deck to wish them bon voyage." Making her special call at Queenstown earlier that day, Teutonic arrived at Liverpool at 9:00 p.m. on the 13th.
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Credit: The Daily Mirror, 15 May 1913. |
Bookings remained brisk that season and there were 506 Second and 761 Third Class embarking Teutonic at Liverpool on 20 May 1913 for Canada."Some disappointment was felt at the local offices of the White Star line yesterday when it was decided that it would be better for the Teutonic to come to her berth at Montreal this morning rather than last night. The Teutonic, had she been allowed to come into port last night, as she could easily have done, would have accomplished trip from Liverpool, including the stay made at Quebec, within the week. arrived Quebec yesterday morning, but was detained there until early in the afternoon, and, though she has been known cover the distance from Quebec to this port in nine hours, it was felt that the time of her arrival would be inconvenient for passengers, so a wireless message was despatched to Captain James advising him to anchor for the night below Longue Pointe, and to disembark his passengers at Montreal after they had breakfasted this morning." (Gazette, 28 May 1913).
With 380 Second and 181 Third Class embarked the previous evening, Teutonic sailed from Montreal at 4:00 a.m. on 3 June 1913 and reached Liverpool on the 10th.
Teutonic left Liverpool on 17 June 1913 with 500 Second and 710 Third Class including two who had, extraordinarily, managed to have embarked on and occupied their allotted cabin in Lake Manitoba, also sailing that day, until the rightful occupants arrived and it was all sorted out. Arriving at Quebec at 5:45 p.m. on the 24th, Teutonic, came in with Royal George and Pretorian and the three proceeded, almost in convoy to Montreal, arriving the following morning with some 3,000 passengers among them and all reporting strong gales across.
Mr. J. Dempsey, chief electrician of the White Star liner Teutonic, has a remarkable record. He joined the Teutonic on her maiden voyage and has remained with her ever since. The Teutonic made 279 trips since she was launched and Mr. Dempsey has not missed one of them. Before joining the Teutonic Mr. Dempsey made 65 voyages in the ship to which he formerly belonged.
The Gazette, 1 July 1913.
Her passenger list swelled by a party of 150 Unitarian ministers and laymen bound for an international Unitarian congress in Paris, Teutonic had 473 Second and 270 Third Class aboard when she departed Montreal on 1 July 1913 and left Quebec that evening at 9:55 p.m. for Liverpool where she docked at noon on the 9th.
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Credit:The Gazette, 21 July 1913. |
Departing Liverpool for Canada on 12 July 1913, Teutonic put in a fast run, arriving Montreal at 5:00 p.m. on the 19th, the Gazette reported that "Captain James is confident that, if he could get favorable weather conditions, he could clip several hours off the best previous time the vessel has yet accomplished since her transference to the St. Lawrence route." Arousing considerable interest was a party of 34 Hungarian immigrants arriving in the ship. The voyage was marked by the death of a fireman, John Burns, the day after departure, and he was buried at sea and the mysterious disappearance of another, John Clarke, who was believed to have fallen overboard.
Donaldson's Athenia, Teutonic (with 253 Second and 193 Third) and Royal George cleared Montreal for England at daybreak on 26 July 1913 and the rivalry between the latter two ships was noted by the Gazette: "Considerable emulation exists between the firemen on board the Royal George and those belonging to the Teutonic, and, if their officers did not exercise proper restraint, there would Inevitably be a race between these two fast ships, the fastest sailing from the port of Montreal. Last time the Teutonic and Royal George cleared together they kept close together until their respective routes diverged, and when farewell blasts were blown by their syrens and they parted in the fog beyond Cape Race, it was impossible to say which boat was leading." Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on 3 August.
With 486 Second and 560 Third Class aboard, Teutonic cleared the Mersey on 9 August 1913 and it was another classic but entirely "unofficial"race between her and Royal George as the crossed almost together and especially close off Cape Race as described by the Gazette:
No steamship official ever admits that steamers belonging to his line race with other steamers, but it cannot be denied that occasionally two steamers, within signalling distance of each other, steam very fast together, for a considerable distance, so uninitiated might be pardoned for thinking they were racing. The two fast incoming liners, Royal George and Teutonic, the former from Bristol and the latter from Liverpool, were within 38 miles of each other, eastward of Cape Race, at 2.15-p.m. on Thursday. Both vessels showed exceptional speed from that point to Cape Ray, the C.N.R. liner gaining 50 minutes on the White Star boat. From Cape Ray to Fame Point, the pace was faster still, the Royal George only gaining five minutes during the time the latter distance, was being covered. As will by reference to the Gulf and River reports published today, only an hour and five minutes separated the two ships at Fame Point, a period of time which represents but a few miles of water between them.
The Gazette, 16 August 1913.
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Credit: The Gazette, 18 August 1913. |
Arriving at Quebec at 11 a.m. on 16 August 1913, Teutonic was followed by Royal George an hour later after a thrilling race that reminded of those between Teutonic and Inman sisters in her youth and again, wonderfully described by the Gazette on the 19th:
The officers of the White Star liner Teutonic and the C. N. R. liner Royal George, maintain, as was ex-expected of them, that there was no race from Cape Ray to Quebec, but admit that they were quite unable to ' persuade the passengers of the delicate distinction which is supposed to exist between a race and a mere simultaneous exhibition of speed between two rival steamers.
At 2.15 p.m. on Thursday, the Teutonic was 175 miles east of Cape Ray, which is 553 miles from Quebec, and the Royal George was 213 miles east of the same point. There was thus a distance of 38 miles separating the two ships. The Teutonic arrived at Quebec at 11 a.m. on Saturday, and the Royal George an hour later.
The advent of the latter vessel was greeted by a cheer from the Teutonic's disembarking passengers, which was answered by those on the decks of the Royal liner. The firemen of both vessels worked as enthusiastically as though they had money depending on the event, those who were off duty volunteering to help those whose turn it was 10 replenish the furnaces with coal.
Both ships came up the river to Montreal yesterday, and last night their crews were discussing the merits of the respective boats. Members of the crew of the Teutonic speak of having won, because their vessel was the first to arrive at Quebec, a claim which is utterly repudiated by the Royal George's crew, who state that they left the other side later than the Teutonic, and that the 38 miles between them eastward of Cape Ray was reduced to about 15 by the time the Teutonic reached Quebec.
There are also highly technical discussions as to the quality of the coal used on either liner, in which It is unsafe for a landsman to take part. The liners may be said to have covered a distance of about 800 miles within 45 hours, and this without any undue haste, for these two vessels are, by common consent, the two fastest ships coming to Montreal, though there are probably some on the Royal Edward who would be inclined to dispute this statement also.
The Gazette, 18 August 1913.
Teutonic gained a passenger during the voyage with the birth of a baby girl to a passenger in Third Class who "fortunately did not receive the name of the boat in baptism, otherwise she would have gone through life with names of Teutonic, or Teutonia, Himelspacker, which have proved a severe handicap." (Gazette).
Homewards, Teutonic went out at daybreak on 23 August 1913 with 211 Second and 184 Third Class passengers, in company with Royal George and Donaldson's Letitia. Teutonic reached Liverpool on the 30th.
Royal George and Teutonic cleared their respective homesports of Avonmouth and Liverpool on 6 September 1913, the White Star liner having 515 Second and 548 Third Class passengers. Bad weather in the Gulf alternating from heavy rainstorms and thick fog precluded the two rivals from "having a go" against each other and both arrived on the other side late, the C.N.R. ship getting into Montreal at 7:50 p.m. on the 14th, 24 hours late, whilst Teutonic did even get into Quebec until 3:30 p.m. and finally reached Montreal on the 15th, almost 48 hours off her timetable. She came in with a new Chief Purser, R.H. Harris.
Sailing at daybreak on 20 September 1913, Teutonic had 196 Second and 254 Third Class passengers on departure Quebec that evening for Liverpool where she arrived on the 28th.
On 2 October 1913 the winter mail schedule was released and confirmed that Halifax would be the terminus rather than St. John, N.B. and Teutonic detailed as relief mailboat from Liverpool on 29 January 1914.
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Credit: The Gazette, 10 October 1913. |
Passenger loads held up even later in the season and there were 404 Second and 303 Third Class departing Liverpool aboard Teutonic in 4 October 1913. Those (including the shipping correspondent of the Montreal Gazette!) hoping for another race between Royal George (which left Avonmouth the same day) and Teutonic were not disappointed this time:
The two fast liners, Royal George and Teutonic, have again been signalled inward within a comparatively short distance of one another. About two months ago these vessels both showed a fine turn of speed in company, while coming up the Gulf and river, and there seems every indication of another simultaneous exhibition of fast steaming, which the uninitiated might mistake for a race. Last voyage one of the two liners came Cape Race route and the other through the Straits of Belle Isle. This time the Teutonic signalled 200 miles east of Belle Isle at p.m. Wednesday and the Royal George 270 miles east of the same point at 10 p.m., that there was then a difference of one hour plus 70 miles between the two.
The Royal George caught up somewhat yesterday, for there was only a difference of three hours a between them, the Teutonic being abeam of Belle Isle at 10 a.m. and the C.N.R. liner at 1 p.m., the extra two hours separating the boats being less as regards distance than the miles which, besides one hour in time, divided them the previous night. They are due to arrive at Quebec tomorrow morning.
The Gazette, 10 October 1913.
Both ships put in racing times despite two days of gales and heavy seas, the same conditions that conspired aboard the burning emigrant ship Volturno at the same time, but Royal George in the end was frustrated in her final push owing to a slight degrangment of her steering gear. Teutonic won the day and the unofficial "race" arriving at Montreal on the evening of 12 October 1911 and prompting the Gazette to laud: "taking the weather into account, her recent passage must be allowed to rank among the vessel's very best performances since she was first put on the St. Lawrence route."
With 134 Second and 230 Third Class, Teutonic left Montreal on 18 October 1913 at daybreak and Quebec at 2:30 p.m. and had a most eventful crossing with a rather disconcerting incident on the morning of the 22nd, 172 miles east of Belle Isle.
With 134 Second and 230 Third Class, Teutonic left Montreal on 18 October 1913 at daybreak and Quebec at 2:30 p.m. And had a most eventful crossing with an rather alarming incident on the morning of the 22nd, 172 miles east of Belle Isle:
The White Star liner Teutonic arrived in the Mersey tonight after a perilous voyage from Montreal with nearly 400 second and third class passengers and a valuable cargo.
When about 172 miles east of Belle Isle last Wednesday morning the Teutonic encountered a thick fog. It was impossible to see more than a few yards ahead. The captain slackened speed and a strict lookout was maintained. These conditions lasted during the whole of Wednesday. In the evening a warning that ice was about was received from a passing steamer. The atmosphere was bitterly cold.
Most of the passengers were below, singing and reading, when the officer posted at the forecastle head made a frantic rush across the deck to report to Captain James that an enormous iceberg had been sighted right ahead, almost on top of the vessel.
The captain promptly put the helm hard a port and the engines full speed astern.
Then slowly the liner swung to starboard just in the nick of time, and the iceberg, towering as high as the funnels, passed silently along the port side within al few yards of the stern. A member of the crew said he had never seen a man in a greater hurry than the officer who rushed from the forecastle head to report the presence of the iceberg.
The Gazette, 28 October 1913.
At the offices of the White Star Line in Montreal, copies of the Marconi messages received from the Teutonic show that for nearly twelve hours the steamer's engines were either stopped or were barely moving when she in fog off the Straits of Belle Isle. At 3. 30 o'clock on the afternoon of October 21st the Teutonic was 132 miles, east-north-east, of Belle Isle. At 1.42 o'clock the next morning she was 172 miles, having taken ten hours to go forty."
The Montreal Star, 28 October 1913.
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Credit: Daily Mirror, 28 October 1913. |
Teutonic's arrival at Liverpool on 27 October 1913 occasioned the worldwide reporting of the incident and put the veteran ship into the headlines like she had not enjoyed for a decade. Then, as now, the combination of iceberg and White Star liner seemed irresistible. Indeed, even today, contemporary Titanic "enthusiasts" cite the incident as some sort of vindication for the similar manouevers excecuted on another bridge a year and a half earlier with tragic results, ignoring. of course, the fact that Teutonic's master wisely heeded the wirelessed warnings of ice in his path and was already had his ship at dead slow in dense fog at the time of the incident. Then, too, Capt. James, had luck, as did his Teutonic. His 400 passengers "drew up and signed a testimonial to the skillful manipulation of Captain James in avoiding a calamity like that of Titanic."
The Teutonic's escape was solely due to the promptitude and magnificent seamanship of Captain James, and when the passengers afterwards became aware of the sensational incident they were loud in their praise.
Belfast Weekly Telegraph, 1 November 1913.
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Credit: The Gazette, 12 November 1913. |
The now "in the news" Teutonic went about her duties and sailed from Liverpool on 1 November 1913 on her last voyage to the St. Lawrence for the season, going out with 145 Second and 207 Third Class passengers, and, of course Royal George, too, from Avonmouth. Both steamed westwards into a fierce and prolonged North Atlantic gale and the two fastest liners on the Canadian run would still be two days late in arriving in the Dominion. On the 9th, Teutonic reported at 1:20 p.m. to still be 125 miles east of Fame Point and Royal George passed Rimouski at 4:35 p.m.. Teutonic reached Quebec on the 10th, leaving there at 7:15 p.m. and Royal George, getting the better of her, made Montreal that evening, and the White Star liner did not get into Montreal until 1:30 pm on the 11th. By doing so, she had logged 10 days for the passage from Liverpool, her slowest crossing that season. She came in with H.H. Pomeroy resuming his duties as Chief Purser and First Officer Hollingsworth relieving Chief Officer Binks who was on leave.
Bidding farewell to the port until next spring, Teutonic left Montreal in the wee hours of 15 November 1913 with 134 Second and 422 Third Class passengers and cleared Quebec at 4:15 p.m. and arrived at Liverpool on the 23rd.
Making her first voyage that season to Portland and Halifax, Teutonic cleared Liverpool on 29 November 1913 with 79 Second and 270 Third Class passengers. With no Royal George to race against, Teutonic chose, instead, to have a go against Empress of Ireland, carrying H.M. mails, and on 5 December, The Evening Mail (Halifax) that "yesterday it appears she is beating out the mail boat Empress of Ireland in the race to Halifax. The Teutonic was 461 miles east of Halifax yesterday afternoon at two o'clock should be thus be here at four o'clock this afternoon." It was to be a banner day for the Nova Scotian port with an "epoch-marking" fleet of arrivals that day: Empress of Ireland, Virginian, Scandinavian and Teutonic. Evocative of an era when The Ocean Liner stirred imagination and civic pride in the ceaseless progress of The Edwardian Era, was The Evening Mail's (6 December) account of that memorable day in the port of Halifax:
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Credit: The Evening Mail, 6 December 1913. |
This was the order of a procession of ships up Halifax harbor yesterday at dusk: The 550 foot liner Scandinavian, coming from Portland specially to take the overflow Christmas passengers for Liverpool; the government steamer Stanley, towing the disabled schooner Right of Way; the tug Togo, and the 565 foot liner Teutonic, closely prest by the 518 foot Empress of Ireland after a race clear across the Atlantic.
Perhaps equally imposing was the spectacle at terminals as side by side the "Big Four," Virginian, Scandinavian, Empress Ireland and Teutonic, slung out their gangways and derricks to debark and embark their wealth in human and merchant freight--eloquent evidence of the increasing importance of Halifax port. These late arrivals brought the exact total of tonnage at the docks during the day up to 56,540 for transoceanic shipping.
Steaming bow upon bow on courses parallel and two miles apart, the White Star steamer Teutonic and the royal mail steamship Empress of Ireland fought for supremacy since early Thursday morning and not until they made Sambro was it decided which should enter first. Although begun upon the departures from Liverpool, the thrills of the race of these ocean greyhounds did not come until the Empress overhauled a three hour handicap the Teutonic enjoyed until striking a fog bank Wednesday evening. She then slowed down until daylight. Thereafter it was neck and neck to Halifax with the Empress, her officers say, giving way to avoid collision. The Teutonic, which set out three hours earlier than her rival, was 6 days 5 hours and 3 minutes on the voyage.
Teutonic landed 31 Second and 59 passengers at Halifax on 5 December 1913, sailed the following morning and arrived at Portland that evening, too late to clear Quarantine so anchoring for night, she came in at daylight on the 7th, landing her remaining 200 passengers.
Departing Portland on 12 December 1913, Teutonic, making her special Christmas in the Old Country sailing, she called at Halifax on the 13th and went off the next day with a tremendous list of 296 Second and 723 Third Class passengers who landed at Liverpool on the 20th. Among her passengers were no fewer than 123 deportees. They comprised but 7,000 of the passengers that White Star Line vessels had landed in England in the last eight days.
As reported on 12 December 1913, Teutonic would make a roundtrip from Liverpool to St. John, N.B., in January 1914 and be the first White Star liner to visit the port. This would have her departing Liverpool on 28 January 1914 and St. John on 11 February. This was in the capacity of Teutonic as a relief mailboat and as replacement for one voyage for her arch rival Royal George which was undergoing her annual overhaul and the C.N.R. "Royals" always using St. John as their winter terminal.

'The St. John (N. B.) people are congratulating themselves over the fact that the steamer Teutonic, of the White Star Dominion line, is to make a call there in February, belicving that other sailings of the same line will follow. As understood here, the Teutonic will make a special trip to St. John, sailing from Liverpool on Jan. 28, and leaving the provincial port on Feb. 11, carrying the Canadian mails both ways, and also taking freight at the latter port, she not coming to Portland on that trip. Whether or not other boats of the White Star-Dominion line will call at St. John during the winter is uncertain, but it is considered very unlikely. In any event, it will not interfere with the regular weekly schedule of sailings from this port. The Teutonic is booked for two more sailings from Portland during the winter, on March 21 and April 18.
Portland Argus via Telegraph Jourrnal, 18 December 1913.
In 1913, Teutonic made 11 westbound crossings carrying 10,128 passengers and 11 eastbound crossings carrying 5,367 or a total of 15,495 passengers.
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Credit: eBay auction photo. |
1914
Making her first voyage of 1914, Teutonic left Liverpool at 3:00 p.m. on 28 January on her maiden voyage to St. John with 115 Second and 196 Third Class passengers and 1,502 bags of mail and 231 baskets of parcels. Her arrival at St. John, coming in at 6:30 a.m. on 6 February and berthing at no. 6 wharf, Sand Point, was afforded maiden voyage attention by the local press, indicative of the fame that the now quarter of a century old Teutonic still possessed. The local Telegraph-Journal gave a full accounting of the voyage across:
A great iceberg more than 120 feet, in height drifted close to the eastbound steamers lane on February 3 according to the log of the royal mail steamer Teutonic which arrived here yesterday, and a medium-sized berg, field ice and numerous growlers were also sighted by the big White Star liner on the same day. The ice report of the Teutonic says that a large iceberg was sighted drifting near the eastbound track at 10.30 a. m. on the 3rd. and, a medium berg at 1 p.m., and field and growlers were passed between the points at which the huge menaces to navigation of the bergs were seen.
'The positions latitude 46.46 north, longitude 46.53 west; and latitude 46.21 north and longitude 41.33 west.
The steamer left Liverpool at 5.24 p.m. on January 28 and up to noon next day had made 269 miles. Her daily runs for the days following were 384, 297, 243, 337, 243, 307, 381 and 229.
The work of discharging the cargo of the White Star liner is in charge of H. S. Gregory & Son and the stevedores handled the mail matter, 1,502 bags and 298 . packages, in I hour and 37 minutes.
The officials of the White Star Line spoke highly of the careful, quick way in which the work of unloading the mails und freight was carried on
Telegraph Journal, 7 February 1914.
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Credit: Telegraph Journal 9 February 1914. |
Even the ship's coaling at St. John was afforded full press attention:
A Canadian record for coaling the White Star liner Teutonic was established by the St. John plant of the Dominion Coal Company on Saturday, and all previous coaling records for the Teutonic were shattered with the exception of the New York time. The bunkers of the big liner were filled in 22½ hours by the local men, and 1,950 tons of coal were handled during the record-breaking performance. Two towers were used for the work, one on each side of the steamer and the time of coaling would have been considerably reduced had a sufficient number of trimmers been on hand at all times. For a first trial the remarkable work of the St. John coalers is all the more and justifies the confidence of creditable, the ability of local men to lead in 'longshore work against any port.
Two days was the time required to coal the Teutonic at Boston, Portland, Montreal and Halifax, and the chief engineer of the White Star liner spoke in very complimentary terms of the fast work of the St. John men.
Telegraph Journal, 9 February 1914.
On 8 February 1914 Teutonic was opened to public inspection at her Sand Point berth.
Then a thick vapor, denser than any fog, induced by rapidly failing temperatures, completely enveloped the Bay of Fundy and Teutonic's planned sailing from St. John at noon on 11 February 1914 for Halifax and then Liverpool put off until it cleared. She did not sail from St. John until the 13th at 11:30 a.m. direct with no call at Halifax and going out with 49 Second and 219 Third Class and 1,020 bags of mail and 254 packages of parcel post. Meeting with very heavy weather across once again, she did not arrive at Liverpool until the 21st
By now, Teutonic's schedule was so out of kilter that on 16 February 1914 White Star announced she would be unable to stick to her scheduled sailing from Liverpool on the 21st (to Halifax and Portland) and passengers would, instead, be rebooked in Cymric departing Liverpool for Portland on the 24th. It was further announced that after the 28th, White Star-Dominion ships would depart Liverpool on Saturdays at 4:30 p.m. instead of 2:30 p.m..

Laid up at Liverpool in the meantime, Teutonic was to have resumed service on 21 March 1914 but this was cancelled and she remained in limbo in the north-end docks. There, she had two fires break out aboard within an hour of one another on 1 April, "it is stated that damage was not great of both fires was quickly reached and the flames extinguished. Some overhaul work was proceeding on board, and waste accidentally caught fire, both outbreaks being at a considerable distance from each other." In both cases, it was determined that the fires had been caused by sparks from an electric welder.

Finally back in service with her departure from Liverpool on 18 April 1914, Teutonic sailed with 419 Second and 738 Third Class passengers, and 1,060 tons of cargo, on the first White Star-Dominion voyage to the St. Lawrence that season, and scheduled to depart Montreal for home on 2 May. Nature, as so often, had other ideas and on the 22nd it was reported that the ice conditions in Cabot Straits, the lower Gulf of St. Lawrence and between Lake St. Peter and Montreal were "very bad" and the veritable "first fleet" of 17 arriving steamers would likely not be able to navigate into the river including Teutonic, La Touraine, Englishman, Montford, Royal George and Saturnia. The Evening Mail (Halifax) of the 23rd reported that whilst no definite word had been received, "it is thought probable that she will come to this port." Confirmation by wireless was received that evening when Teutonic was 380 miles east of Cape Race as of 8:55 p.m. and reported to be making for Halifax where she was expected to arrive late on the evening of the 25th. There was additional delay owing to ice encountered and instead, Teutonic finally reached Halifax at 1:30 p.m. on the 27th.
Quick work was made handling the 1187 passengers of the Teutonic at Halifax. They were all got off on Monday night by three special trains, two on the Intercolonial and one on the Canadian Pacific, and the three trains are due arrive here this morning. Most of the passengers will then be sent west the regular trains, which will be run in sections to accommodate the crowd.
The Gazette, 29 April 1914.
Of course, ice conditions improved substantially almost as soon as Teutonic got into Halifax so it was decided, after she landed her passengers, to have her proceed immediately to Montreal to discharge her cargo there and sail to Liverpool on 2 May as originally scheduled. She left Halifax at 8:30 a.m. on the 28th for Montreal and making knots, came straight up the River without pausing at Quebec (she would stop there outbound as usual and discharge her inbound cargo for the port then), passing the Ancient Capital at midnight. "She will probably make as speedy a trip to this port as ever been record for so large a vessel," predicted The Gazette the 30th. She got into Montreal at 10:30 a.m. on 1 May.
There will be a busy time around the Teutonic during her short visit 10 the port, as she will have to discharge her cargo and take on a full load for her return trip, together with 300 second and 450 third class passengers, and start her return journey on Saturday, in order to keep her scheduled place as a mail steamer. As usual with Saturday sailing the Teutonic will carry a large consignment of mail.
The Gazette, 29 April 1914.
Completing a hasty 48-hour turn around that entailed unloading her inbound cargo, coaling, provisioning and loading her outbound cargo and heavy mail consignment but still off her schedule by a day, Teutonic sailed for Liverpool at 10:30 a.m. on 3 May 1914, embarking her 305 Second and 484 passengers, "an exceptionally heavy list for so early in the season on the eastbound run " (Gazette, 4 May) at 7:00 a.m. Coursing eastwards with time to make up, Teutonic was again frustrated by spring weather conditions on the Canadian run:
The commander of the White Star Dominion liner Teutonic sends the following Ice reports:
May 6, 10 a.m. E.S.T. Crossed 50 and 47 W. in 44.12 N. Northward heavy field Ice and now numerous bergs.
May 7, 2 a.m. E.S.T, 310 miles E.S.E. Cape Race. From 44.20 and 49.30 to 44.10 and 49.00 W. passed heavy ice field; thence to 44.10 and 48,00 W. numerous bergs and growlers. Stopped even hours, dense fog, ; now clear. Proceeding via Fastnet.
The Gazette, 8 May 1914.
Reporting 200 miles west of Fastnet at 4:00 p.m. on 10 May 1914, Teutonic got into Liverpool the following day.
On 11 May 1914 it was reported that Teutonic's sister ship, Majestic, laid up since February, had been sold for breaking up to Messrs. T.W. Ward and arrived at Morecambe the new previous day.
In hopes perhaps for the routine, boring voyage which had hitherto eluded her the first quarter of 1914, Teutonic set out from Liverpool for Canada on 16 May with 206 Second and 701 Third Class passengers no doubt desirous of the same. In this they were alas disappointed, this time it was heavy fog which persisted off Cape Race for three days and had Teutonic at standstill as a result. Finally, on the 25th a wireless was received by the Montreal office from Capt. James: "Teutonic at 5 p.m. (E.S.T.) crossed 54 W. and 4520 N., weather clear. Expect to arrive Montreal 5 p.m. on Thursday. All well."
Calling at Quebec on 28 May 1914, Teutonic arrived the following morning at a Montreal reeling from the news of the sinking of Empress of Ireland the previous day after colliding with the collier Storstad in the St. Lawrence with appalling loss of life.
The Gazette still reported on Teutonic's fog and ice bound crossing:
After having been delayed for days in the fog off Cape Race the White Star Dominion liner Teutonic arrived safely in port early yesterday morning. Captain James reported that immediately after the fog had cleared growlers and several big 'bergs were sighted In close proximity to the liner, while from 10 o'clock that morning till six in the Teutonic passed innumerable 'bergs and growlers.
No less than eight vessels were held up In the same fog area as the Teutonic, these being the Pretorian, Admiral Pickard; Monmouth, Corsican, Saturnia, Mount Temple, Royal George and Royal Edward. The Teutonic was unfortunate in being unable to through a gap in the ice fields which had been reported to her, the channel having closed at the time of her arrival and she ran into the fog when skirting to the south to avoid the field.
Over a thousand passengers were brought over by the liner, there being a death on board during the voyage, a Galician, by name John Bar, who has a brother in Montreal, dying on May 26th, from erysipillis. His body was buried at sea.
The Teutonic will not be able to take her regular sailing owing to the delay caused by fog, leaving a day later than originally planned, on Sunday morning, Instead of Saturday daybreak. Amongst her saloon passengers will be Laurence Irving's Company.
The Gazette, 30 May 1914.
The contingent of Salvationists booked to sail in Teutonic cancelled their passage after so many of those who had departed Montreal just a day before in Empress of Ireland had perished. Sailing at daybreak on 31 May 1914, a day late, Teutonic went out with 297 Second and 263 Third Class passengers in a solemn mood and her ensign and houseflag at half-mast. Among those aboard was English actor Laurence Irving and his theatrical company who were originally booked in Empress of Ireland but changed at the last minute to the later sailing in Teutonic. She also had aboard 51 members of the Salvation Army party that were survivors of the tragedy. Arriving at Quebec at 6:15 p.m., she passed near the site of Empress of Ireland's sinking the following early morning:
A signal evidence of the respect and sympathy caused everywhere by the disaster, was given by the White Star Dominion liner Megantic Sunday when passing the place where the Empress of Ireland disappeared from view. All mustered on the port side. the ship's engines stopped to allow vessel to become stationary, and all the passengers uncovered and joined in the singing of "Abide With Me." Going out on the same day the White Star liner Teutonic mustered the ship's company at six o'clock in the morning to do the same thing.
The Gazette, 2 June 1914.
Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on 9 June 1914.
White Star-Dominion Line announced on 15 June 1914 that they would be placing orchestras aboard their "cabin boats" Teutonic and Canada as they, of course, had long done with their First Class liners.
Teutonic departed Liverpool on 13 June 1914 with 154 Second and 377 Third Class passengers for Canada and arrived at Montreal early on the evening of the 21st, and as usual, The Gazette gave a full account of the passage:
Since the Teutonic's last appearance acquired a five string orchestra, a new feature appreciated by the passengers on her westbound trip ended yesterday when she berthed at the White Star-Dominion shed. The Rev. Fressley Smith, Dean of Argyll and the Isles, was one of and passengers on board, these totalling 531, 154 being in the cabin. On her eastbound trip a troop of white and black minstrels composed of members of the crew, gave a concert on board, the proceeds, which amounted to sixteen guineas, going to swell the Empress of Ireland fund. The troop will give another entertainment at the weekly Sailor's Institute Concert tomorrow. The Teutonic ran into very cold weather all the way over, conditions at time being almost wintry. She was delayed seven hours fog but made her fastest passage of the season.
The Gazette, 22 June 1914.
Making her first traditional Saturday at daybreak departure from Montreal in some time, Teutonic sailed from Montreal on 27 June 1914 with 414 Second and 340 Third Class passengers. She went out with La Touraine, Ascania, Corsican and Saturnia, all cabin boats and showing just how this type thrived in the Canadian trade. Dominion Day was celebrated aboard and featured a "novelty" in deck sports:
Life Belt Race
Novel and Useful Sport On White Star Teutonic.
A novelty was introduced into the programme of sports, one of the forms of the celebration of Dominion Day. which took place on the White Star liner Teutonic on her last eastbound voyage, this being a life-belt race.
Captain James was the judge, the proper tieing of the life-belt rather than the speed at which it was accomplished being the principal object. A little girl proved to be the winner, donning her belt and tieing it securely in the short space of twenty-three seconds.
This innovation in the sports intended partly to make the passengers familiar with their life-belts and the mode of adjusting them without in any way causing alarm, and it succeeded admirably.
Hamilton Daily Times, 24 July 1914.
Teutonic arrived at Liverpool at 6:00 p.m. on 4 July 1914.
With 171 Second and 360 Third Class passengers, including the famous Canadian oarsman Bobby Dibble, for Canada, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 11 July 1914 and got into Montreal the evening of the 19th after a good fast passage despite a few hours of delaying owing to fog.
Going out in company with Andania, Corsican and Saturnia at daybreak on 25 July 1914, Teutonic had 216 Second and 361 Third Class, "the White Star Dominion liner's steerage list particularly gratifying to officials of the company, as they have not met the cut in steerage rates from $22 to $20." Like all outbound liners that weekend, Teutonic reported "dense fog" off Cape Ray at 4:00 a.m. on the 27th, and all four ships were anchored off for the night on account of it. She arrived at Liverpool on 3 August.
The next day, Great Britain declared war on Germany and thus began the unspeakable tragedy, loss and waste of The Great War. Initially, most of the trans-Atlantic services, save those of Germany, continued as scheduled and indeed initially well patronised by neutral Americans fleeing a Continent at war.
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Log abstract card for Teutonic's last westbound commercial crossing, 9-15 August 1914, Liverpool-Montreal. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
Teutonic's scheduled departure from Liverpool for Canada of 8 August 1914 was maintained and she got away with 481 Second and 278 Third Class passengers. She arrived at Montreal on the 17th with Tunisian and Virginian, "their upper and lower decks crowded with passengers," and totalling some 3,000 in all, whom the local papers were eager to interview regarding their "escape" from Europe and some, like Mr. Rutland B. Stanley, who resisted offers of $2,000 for his ticket in Liverpool just before sailing.
Mr. and Mrs. O.J. Poucher have arrived home after spending the summer in France, Ireland and England. They report a delightful holiday, ending with a degree of excitement when the s.s. Teutonic, on which they crossed the Atlantic, was held up in mid-ocean for one night, with all lights and fires extinguished.
At one time the searchlights from a German cruiser were on the boat and the captain afterwards attributed their escape to a dense fog which had arisen. The vessel sailed for three nights without lights. To show the eagerness of Canadians and Americans to reach home, many of the passengers in the steerage section of the Teutonic were people who had booked as first-class passengers on the s.s. Aquitania.
Mr. and Mrs. Boucher were in England when war was declared.
Edmonton Journal, 3 September 1914.
Clearing Montreal at daybreak on Saturday, as usual, on 22 August 1914, Teutonic bid farewell to the Dominion with 103 Second and 677 Third Class, the latter swelled by 50 French reservists going home to join the colours as well as several young men determining to enlist on arrival. Teutonic arrived at Liverpool at 7:00 a.m. on the 30th.
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Credit: The Montreal Star, 5 September 1914. |
That would prove to be Teutonic's final passenger voyage, ending a quarter of century of White Star commercial service, which compares favourably with Britannic (III)'s 30, Germanic's 28, and Olympic's 24.
In 1914, Teutonic made 6 westbound crossings carrying 4,196 passengers and 6 eastbound crossings carrying 3,716 or a total of 7,912 passengers.
We ne'er see our foes, but we wish them to stay;
They always see us and they wish us away;
If they run we will follow, we will drive them ashore;
For if they won't fight we can do no more.
Heart of Oak.
Armed at first with her old 4.7 in. guns she was later given more modern 6 in. guns, and had the unenviable job of plodding backwards and forwards between Iceland and Rockall, a cold, dreary and depressing business, but an essential one.
J.H. Isherwood, Sea Breezes, July 1953.
Somewhat remarkably, Teutonic would finally and meaningfully realise her designed role as an armed merchant cruiser, a full quarter of a century after her teasing appearance at Spithead that far off summer of 1889. Then, she was showing off for the Kaiser of Imperial Germany and now she was performing her long envisaged military role in not only the most successful use of the Armed Merchant Cruiser, the North Sea Blockade of Germany and interdiction of neutral flag shipping, but participate in the most successful naval blockade in history. And one of the most brutal and sustained wars against a civilian population to date in modern warfare, directly responsible for the deaths of an estimated 425,000-763,000 German civilians due to starvation and disease. It also inspired the German response in the form of the first used of submarine warfare to effect a "blockade" of the British Isle which, too, morphed into unrestricted submarine attacks on ships regardless of their nationality, status or purpose.
So the now incongruously named Teutonic went to war, fulfilling Thomas Ismay's original bold concept but against an enemy unimaginable when he first conceived it.
1914
The day before she was scheduled to sail for Montreal, booked solid with 1,500 Canadians and Americans desperate to get home, she was requisitioned by the British government on 4 September 1914, also cancelling, of course, her scheduled eastbound departure from Montreal on the 19th September. On the 8th, it was reported that British Admiralty had appointed Capt. John R. Segrave to assume command Teutonic.
The day before she was scheduled to sail for Montreal, booked solid with 1,500 Canadians and Americans desperate to get home, she was requisitioned by the British government on 4 September 1914, also cancelling, of course, her scheduled eastbound departure from Montreal on 19 September. On the 8th, it was reported that British Admiralty had appointed Capt. John R. Segrave to assume command Teutonic.
For a ship that had been "converted" into the role 25 years earlier in but 48 hours, Teutonic's metamorphisis into a real naval auxiliary in Sandton Dock took a bit longer but still impressive. Arriving at Liverpool from Montreal on 30 August 1914, one officer and 11 ratings, from Portsmouth, embarked in her on 10 September and her main complement, including two Lieutenants (R.N.R.), six midshipmen (R.N.R.) and 151 ratings the next day. He full compliment is listed as 57 officers and 380 ratings. Teutonic was fully armed with a full compliment of eight Mk VII six-inch QF naval guns, as well as two QF 57 mm Hotchkiss guns.
H.M.S. Teutonic (and yes, she kept her name regardless of the considerable ironic qualities it now assumed) was commissioned at Liverpool at 0900 hrs. 11 September 1914 under the command of Capt. Herbert Chatterton, and assigned pennant no. M.52. The major work of commissioning a ship, storing and provisioning, occupied her crew for the next few days. On the 17th, Teutonic passed out into the Mersey to undergo compass adjusting and trials including firing her main battery. She then proceeded to Scapa Flow, base of the Home Fleet, where she anchored on the 19th.
Teutonic, unlike many other liners "converted" into AMC's, was truly built and designed with the role in mind especially her epic cruising range. Even on arrival at Scapa, she reported having 4,205 tons in her bunkers. She and her fellow AMCs would periodically return to Liverpool to take on bunkers and provision and be on patrol for three weeks or so.
Initially, Teutonic and her AMC fleetmates were assigned to Cruiser Force B, later called the Tenth Cruiser Squadron, based out of Scapa Flow on patrols in the North Sea between Norway and the Shetland Islands. The mighty Home Fleet was sufficient to keep the German Navy bottled up in harbour as well the German merchant marine, what was left of it that was not interned in overseas ports. The main role of the 10th Cruiser Squadron was to interdict neutral merchantmen potential "contraband" goods, mails and male passengers of military age suspected of trying to get to Germany to enlist. Ships would be challenged, stopped and searched by a boarding party. Suspect mail or passengers were removed for inspection or interoggation and if contraband cargo were found (the definition of which was at the discretion of the British), the ship was taken to Kirkwall under British supervision for unloading of it. It was, of course, all in total disregard of the rights of free passage of neutral ships… Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish and American among others… but when one possess the pre-eminent and most powerful navy in the world, might indeed makes right. Initially aged Edgar-class light cruisers were assigned to the role, but it was soon found that AMCs with their much greater range, high freeboard and accommodation were far more suited to the role.
H.M.S. Teutonic left Scapa Flow on her first patrol on 20 September 1914 and her first neutral ships to be boarded and inspected were Urd (Norway) and Blanche (Sweden) the following morning and the British Nellie Dodds searched that afternoon as well. Most days on patrol were routine and tedious, made worse by the atrocious weather conditions so often encountered. Her log for the 27th stated: "noon: strong gale with heavy cross sea; ship labouring heavily." On 17 October she returned to Liverpool to bunker , docking at Canada Dock, and her crew got a respite from North Sea weather and even coaling was done by shore labour. She took on a good 5,400 tons.
Commencing her second wartime patrol on 24 October 1914, Teutonic left Liverpool and made directly for Faeroe Islands, arriving on station on the 28th. Interpersed with searching the odd trawler, she faced "Gale. High W'ly sea on 10 November. Shipping water over all." This gave way to hail storms and "high confused sea." on 12 November. She returned to Liverpool on the 20th, docking in Huskisson Dock. In addition to coaling, her logs mentioned "hands painting masts & funnels."
Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 27 November 1914 on her third patrol in squally weather and off Barra on the 29th, stopped and boarded the Swedish Sydic and endured deteriorated weather which evolved into "strong gale, very high sea, squally" by 1 December. She rendezvoused with H.M.S. Cedric on the 20th to transfer a wireless receiver to the ship. Christmas Day was observed in "mod gale, rough sea, clear weather" and lost her wireless aerial on Boxing Day which was repaired with the ship slowed to 40 rev. in high seas. Teutonic and her crew would, at least, ring in the New Year in port, arriving at Liverpool on the 29th and entering Canada Dock late that morning.
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H.M.S. Teutonic. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
1915
On 5 January 1915 Capt. George P. Ross assumed command of Teutonic, in relief of Capt. Chatterton.
H.M.S. Teutonic departed Liverpool on the afternoon of 8 January 1915 on her fifth patrol of the war. On the 15th she was close enough to signal H.M.S. Alsatian and later, H.M.S. Orotava. On the evening of the 12th, her officers reported sighting the Aurora Borealis in the Northern Sky in a gentle breeze, fine and clear " and by the next day at 1920 hrs, she "hove to" in a high sea, deteriorating to a "strong gale, squally and rain, high sea." On the 24, she stopped and boarded four British trawlers and on the 26th the outbound Kronprinz Gustav Adolf (Sweden) bound for Buenos Aires was intercepted and cleared. A floating mine was spotted on the 30th, "which was sunk by rifle fire" and two others the next day. On 6 February 1915, Teutonic arrived in Glasgow, docking Princes Dock that afternoon.
At Glasgow, Teutonic was coaled and "hands employed painting ship," and she shipped two six-pounder naval guns. On 16 February 1915, clearing her Clyde berth at 1:35 p.m. and by the next day, in "moderate gale and high sea," Teutonic was off Oversay by the following morning. It was not a month to be a poor sailor in such waters and at 3:25 p.m., her log reported her "shipping heavy seas over forecastle head" and her way reduced to 20 revs in a heavy gale. There was even a single neutral ship, Clara of Swedish, to stop and board on the 26th and an American steamer, El Siglo, outward from Bremen, that was of sufficient interest that she was sent by a prize crew (one midshipman, one petty officer and four ratings) to Stornoway for contraband inspection. Teutonic stopped her first liner, Scandinavian American Line's Hellig Olav, en route from New York to Copenhagen. Her sister ship, Oscar II, was stopped and boarded on 3 March, outbound for New York. Adding to a "full house" of Scandinavian American liners, the flagship Frederick VII was signalled on the 6th but permitted to proceed. One of Teutonic's six-pounders was put to use after breakfast on the 7th, sinking a loose German mine. Meeting her erstwhile fleetmate Cedric on the next day, a fireman was transferred to her. After an eventful patrol, Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 11th, berthing in Canada Dock at 0900 hrs.
Another White Star reunion of sorts was effected on 14 March 1915 when Teutonic was shifted alongside Cymric to commence coaling. Teutonic finally received a drydocking this turnaound and entered Canada Dry Dock the morning of the 20th and after her hull was cleaned and painted, she was undocked on the 23rd and shifted to Huskisson Dock to resume coaling. In all, she shipped 4,474 tons of coal and 7,007 tons of oil during her turnaround.
The small hours of 27 March 1915 found H.M.S. Teutonic clearing Rock Light, outbound on her seventh patrol. Getting to business early, she stopped and put a prize crew (1 Lt., 1 P.O. and 4 ratings) aboard Herman Frasch to take to an unidentified port for contraband inspection. Another prize crew was put aboard Patia on 1 April to take her into Stornoway. On the 6th, Teutonic put a prize crew on an American-flagged ship, Joseph W. Fordney, bound New York to Malmo, to take her into Kirkwall for inspection. Later that same day, the Swedish Sir Ernest Cassel was taken to Kirkwall. The following day, the ship was put to dead slow to allow an operation to be effected by the ship's surgeon. The Scandinavian American liner Helig Olav was boarded on the 10th and ordered to proceed to Kirkwall but without a prize crew aboard. The rotation of prize crews was becoming a challenge and on the 13th, Teutonic sent two officers and 10 men over to H.M.S. Alsatian to augment her crew. Another busy patrol ended on arrival back at Liverpool on the 21st.
Herr bunkers filled with 5,237 tons, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 5 May 1915 on patrol no. 8 and wasting no time, stopped and put a prize crew aboard Augusta (Sweden) the very next day and she was taken into Kirkwall. In her first encounter with one of the beautiful Norske Amerikalinje sisters, Kristianiafjord, bound Bergen to New York, she was boarded on the 7th and allowed to proceed. On the 9th, a hospital patient, Midshipman Fairnie, was transferred to H.M.S. Digby, the Furness liner also serving as an A.M.C.. A prize crew was sent to take the Swedish Nordic into Kirkwall on the 11th and the same for Kronprinz Gustav, also of Sweden. Teutonic returned to Liverpool on the 27th.
Patrol no. 9 got underway from Liverpool on 3 June 1915 and an "early customer" was the Swedish Princessan Ingeborg on the 10th, sent to Kirkwall with a prize crew. On the 11th, it was so rough that it was impossible to board the Norwegian barque Torrey and she was instead signalled to proceed to Kirkwall. There was even a pursuit of a German merchantman, Konsul Schultz, on the 22nd but had to be abandoned when she got into Norwegian territorial waters off Kya Island. On 1 July, Teutonic returned to Liverpool.
On her tenth patrol, Teutonic left Liverpool on 10 July 1915. A crewman, John Jones, trimmer, was posted missing on the 12th. Even Norwegian whalers were stopped and on the 24th Flidd was boarded and a prize crew took her into Lerwick. On arrival back at Liverpool on 6 August, Teutonic coaled (4,980 tons) and provisioned as usual.
Given the financial collapse of White Star's owners, the International Mercantile Marine, which went into receivership in late 1914 and the desire of the Admiralty to economise save a small fraction of a war that was spiraling out of control in every fashion, including expediture, Teutonic was purchased by the Admiralty effective 16 August 1915. This saved considerably over wartime chartering costs and White Star were selling a ship whose age effectively precluded any future commercial trading.
Within two days of her departing Liverpool on Patrol 11, 15 August 1915, Teutonic had stopped and boarded two ships, the Norwegian barque Hebe and Dagmar, and put prize crews aboard. On this patrol, Teutonic put into Greenock on the 19th for additional coaling, from lighters. The need for the added bunkers was that she was detailed to Russia's White Sea, and departed on the 21st with a cargo of torpedoes for British submarines in support of the Imperial Russian Navy to protect the vital supply route into Murmansk. Arriving off Cape Kanin on the 27th, Teutonic transferred her torpedoes and supplies to Lord Stewart and was on her way to resume her usual patrolling station. On arrival at Scapa Flow on 2 September, Commander Adrian H. Smyth, assumed command with Capt Ross going to H.M.S. Marlborough. After taking on 1,000 tons of coal and 15,000 gallons of water.
Teutonic left Scapa Flow on 6 September 1915 on Patrol no. 12. She experienced a brief malfunction to her port engine on the 17th which was repaired in a few hours and after a rather uneventful patrol, returned to Liverpool on the 23rd.
When Teutonic left Liverpool on Patrol no. 13 on 20 October 1915, she had a passengers, a Lt. Commander, a Sub Lt., a midshipman and a signal rating bound for the A.M.C. Victorian which she rendevoused with on the 22nd. On the 24th, the log notes: "observed brilliant display of the Aurora Borealis" and earlier the Norwegian Mons was boarded by a prize party and taken to Kirkwall. Two other ships, Otta and Gulfaxe, were so handled on the 26h. The American Polarine was taken by a prize crew from Teutonic into Kirkwall on 4 November. On the 16th, an armed guard was put aboard the N.A.L. Kristianafjord. Teutonic put into Busta Voe, Shetland Islands, on the 16th, and coaled from a collier there, takng on 1,000 tons in all, before resuming patrol on the 18th. She got back to Liverpool on the 24th and managed to hit the White Star tender Megantic whilst swinging in Canada Basin, "doing slight damage to her upper works."
On 4 December 1915, stoker 1st class Tom Pictor, fell off the gangway coming aboard, and fell into the water and whilst rescued and brought on the quay, could not be resusitated and died of drowning.
Patrol 14 for H.M.S. Teutonic commenced from Liverpool on 6 December 1915. It was not until the 22nd that she sent a vessel, the Norwegian Terje Viken to Kirkwall with a prize crew. Christmas Day was spent at Busta Voe coaling.
1916
Teutonic returned to Liverpool 11 January 1916. She entered Canada Dry Dock on the 23rd and undocked on 29th.
In January 1916 Teutonic assumed the role of flagship of the Second Division of the 10th Cruiser Squadron under Capt. Robert E.R. Benson, Commodore.
Teutonic cleared Liverpool on 4 February 1916, beginning Patrol 15 and by the 6th, was hove-to, "shipping heavy seas fore & aft" and "vessel rolling and pitching. Taking heavy seas on board." Other than contend with filthy weather and a rendezvous with the Commodore Ship H.M.S. Alsatian, this patrol was as short on merchantmen interceptions as it was on good weather. On the 25th, Teutonic put into Busta Voe for coaling from the colliers Bangarth and Jessie. She left there on the 27th and returned to Liverpool on 12 March.
North Sea Patrol no. 16 got underway on departure from Liverpool on 29 March 1916 and by the following day Teutonic was "plunging and shipping heavy seas." On 1 April she rendevoused with H.M.S. Alsatian and H.M.S. Otway and brought over mail and crew to them. Other than her compatriots, she sighted no other ships and arrived at Scapa Flow on the 13th for bunkers and water. Leaving here on the 17th she resumed her patrol duties. Meeting H.M.S. Alsatian, flagship of the 10th Squadron, on the 20th, Teutonic was inspected by the Admiral Sir Reginald Godfrey Tupper, commanding the Squadron. Teutonic called at Busta Voe from 30 April-4 May and then resumed her duties. She returned to Liverpool on the 10th.
On 28 March 1916 there was a mutiny by eight of Teutonic's firemen who were placed under arrest and removed to H.M.S. Eagle under military escort by order of Admiral Stileman.
Teutonic's seventeenth North Sea Patrol got underway on departure from Liverpool on 29 March 1916 and by the following day she was "plunging and shipping heavy seas." On 1 April she rendevoused with H.M.S. Alsatian and H.M.S. Otway and brought over mail and crew to them. Other than her compatriots, she sighted no other ships and arrived at Scapa Flow on the 13th for bunkers and water. Leaving here on the 17th she resumed her patrol duties. Meeting H.M.S. Alsatian, flagship of the 10th Squadron, on the 20th, Teutonic was inspected by the Admiral Sir Reginald Godfrey Tupper, commanding the Squadron. Teutonic called at Busta Voe from 30 April-4 May and then resumed her duties. She returned to Liverpool on the 10th.
Capt. John S. Luard assumed command of Teutonic in April 1916, and Commodore of the Second Division of the 10th Cruiser Squadron.
Now a real veteran as an A.M.C., Teutonic cleared the Mersey on her 18th patrol on 23 May 1916. By the 25th she had taken up her station, working with H.M.S. Otway. Gun drills, "in accordance with G.O. 1st May 1916" was carried out and "expended 11 rounds of 6 Pdr steel shell" on the 26th. The Dutch Yildum was boarded on the 27th and Buffalo the next day and the Norwegian Inland on the 29th. Putting into Busta Voe for coaling on 5-6 June, she rendezvoused with the flagship Alsatian on the 7th and carried out gun practice with her on the 12th. It was back to Busta Voe for bunkers 18-19. Two of the ships Teutonic stopped and boarded were British, bound from Brest to Archangel with munitions as part of the epic chartered fleet organised by Hudson's Bay Co. Under contract to the French Government to supply the Russians. Liverpool seemed a distant memory that summer and it was back to Busta Voe 6-7 July for coaling. She finally returned to the Mersey on the 12th.
Other than give her crew a taste of terra firma, the main reason for Teutonic's return to Liverpool was a badly overdue drydocking and she went straight into Sandon graving dock on arrival and floated out on 16 July 1916.
By the time Teutonic left Liverpool on 5 August 1916 on Patrol no. 19, she must have looked quite spruce having been chipped and painted extensively by her crew. By the 7th she had joined up with Alsatian on patrol. On the 11th she signalled the Scandinavian America liner United States but she was allowed to proceed. Two Norwegian sailing vessels were boarded on the16-17th. Coaling ensued at Busta Voe 22-24th and three ships, including the Dutch Westerdyk, boarded on the 29th. The Russian Tserarevich Alexei and the Norwegian Drammenfjord were boarded on 6 September. Coaling ensued at Busta Voe 13-14th and Teutonic eventually returned to Liverpool on the 28th.
During her turnaround at Liverpool, a fireman, J. Bishop, apparently fell overboard and drown in the Alexandra dock basin on 11 October 1916.
No. 20 began on 20 October 1916 and Teutonic joined H.M.S. Victorian on patrol on the 22nd. The U.S.-flag steamer Healdton was boarded and searched on the 27th and another American, the schooner Norseman on the 31st. Teutonic coaled at Busta Voe 9-11 November. On the 18th she came upon San Tirso which was apparently disabled and taken in tow with the tug Sarah Jolliffe relieving her on the 22nd. Teutonic coaled at Busta Voe 26-29th and returned to Liverpool on 11 December.
By some yuletide miracle, Teutonic's crew enjoyed Christmas ashore in Liverpool
1917
Teutonic started the year as she ended it, "in reserve" in Alexandra Dock, Liverpool. On 20 January 1917, the P&O steamer Pera, swinging around in dock, hit her and damaged some railings on her starboard upper deck. Her stand down became semi-permanent when she shifted on the 31st to Canada Tongue for lay-up and placed out of commission.
With the character of the war completely changed with the entry of the United States into it in April and the Russian Revolution in October 1917, Teutonic was recommissioned in October to act as a convoy escort for the White Sea run.
Still alongside Canada Tongue, Liverpool, Teutonic was put back into commission at 0900 hrs. on 1 October 1917 by Capt. Arnold-Forster, R.N. and by the end of the day had signed on 30 boys, 2 AB's, an engineering officer, surgeon, two deck officers. 10 stokers and 160 seamen. After taking on the remainder of her compliment, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on the 5th October 1917 on brief trials in the river before returning to West Sandon Basin for coaling.
Teutonic left Liverpool on 16 October 1917 and arrived at Loch Ewe on the 18th to join her first White Sea bound convoy. This departed on the 20th with the Russian transports and former liners, Czar, Czaritza and Dwinsk, and the TBD's Munster and Moon completing the escort. The 1,560-mile run from Loch Ewe to Kola Inlet was done in good time, the convoy arriving on 26 October. While there, Teutonic swapped four officers and 241 ratings for an equal number from the pre-dreadnaught battleship H.M.S. Glory, flagship of the British North Russia Squadron.
On 30 October 1917 Teutonic departed Kola Inlet for Loch Ewe and making a fast run (making 16-17 knots for much of it), arrived at Loch Ewe on 3 November. She left there on the 6th for Liverpool, arriving on the 7th.
With Russia descending into revolution, chaos and ultimately civil war, Teutonic found herself back on what was left of the now disbanded 10th Cruiser Squadron doing a North Sea patrol, commencing with her departure from Liverpool on 19 November 1917. Arriving on station on the 21st, was inspected by Vice-Admiral Tupper who came over from the flagship H.M.S. Alsatian. The first neutral flag ship to be boarded was the Danish Kentucky on the 23rd. A submarine was sighted at 1022 hrs on the 28th six miles off the port bow, hands called to General Quarters and Teutonic responded to telegraphs at full ahead and turned to starboard. The submarine did not give chase and by 1036 hrs, normal course and speed (13 knots) resumed. On 1-2 December gunnery practice on a target was carried out for the starboard 6-inch main battery and on the 3rd for the portside battery. Teutonic called at Scapa Flow 8 December and took on bunkers from the collier Symoon. Leaving Scapa on the 15th, Teutonic resumed patrol and rendezvoused ith the flagship Alsatian on the 20thin the snow, her captain going to her by launch. On the 23rd, the Danish Moskov was boarded and the following day, the NASM liner Nieuw Amsterdam. Christmas was observed at sea and on the 27th, Teutonic returned to Liverpool.
1918
Teutonic started the new year with a new commander, Capt. Otto H. Hawke-Genn, as of 11 January 1918. She was also received a new pennant no., MI.93.
Twenty-nine years to the day she launched at Belfast, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 19 January 1918. She met up with Alsatian on the 22nd and then proceeded on a nostalgic voyage for her: a trans-Atlantic crossing to Halifax. Winter weather played havoc with her forward guns as Teutonic tended to bury her nose in head seas and always shipped water, often saturating her main armament cordite charges which had to be thrown overboard. On the 25th, the port gun screen was carried away by the sea and on the 27th, her starboard 6-pounder was frozen in its mount. When Teutonic arrived at Halifax on the 29th, she was coated with ice and one of her anchors was completely frozen up and could not be released. Once alongside, "hands turned to to clear ice and snow from ship."
Departing Halifax on 5 February 1918, Teutonic acted as an escort to an outbound convoy which included Adriatic, Cassandra, Corsican and Ordina. When her starboard condenser broke down, she proceeded on her port engine only at 12 knots until it could be repaired. Approaching the Irish Coast, a considerable flotilla of TBD's: Beagle, Badger, Savage, Pelican, Pigeon, Ossoy, Harpy and Marne provided additional escort in these U-boat infested waters. Passing the Old Head of Kinsale at 2136 hrs. on the 14th, Teutonic arrived at Liverpool the afternoon of the 16th.
A second trans-Atlantic voyage got underway on 25 February 1918 when Teutonic cleared the Mersey, Halifax-bound. The destroyers H.M.S. Nicator and Bulldog followed her out to into Irish Sea and then she proceeded independently in heavy weather. Halifax was reached on the morning of 7 March. Embarking one officer and 15 seamen from U.S.S. San Diego, Teutonic, after extinguishing a fire in no. 4 bunker, sailed the morning of the 11th for another once familiar port: New York where she docked at Pier 61 North River on the 13th.
Eastbound, Teutonic left New York on 16 March 1918 in convoy O.V.9 which included the famous flagship of Admiral Dewey, U.S.S. Olympia, and arrived at Liverpool on the 28th
Carrying an undisclosed amount of bullion, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 6 April 1918 with the U.S.S. Allen escorting until the afternoon of the 7th. Two eastbound convoys, one escorted by H.M.S. Orcoma and the other by H.M.S. Victorian were passed on the 12th. Teutonic arrived at Halifax on the 15th where she landed her bullion and, on the 16th, her main 6-inch armament, all eight guns and ammunition, were all unshipped and landed. Her 1 gunnery officer and 76 ratings, too, were discharged to H.M.C.S. Niobe. Thus concluded Teutonic's career as an Armed Merchant Cruiser. She was also given another new pennant number, MI. 50. She sailed on the afternoon of the 16th and arrived at New York the morning of the 18th, docking at Pier 61.
Making her first voyage carrying troops, Teutonic left New York on 25 April 1918 in convoy, taking up her station directly astern of U.S.S. Leviathan. Whilst the main convoy sailed to Brest, France, Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on 6 May and later docked in Canada Basin on the 8th.
In convoy with Baltic, Adriatic, Caronia and Minnekahda, escorted by H.M.S. Beagle, Foxhound and Pincher, Teutonic cleared the Mersey on 16 May 1918 and arrived at New York on the 25th.
For some reason not indicated in her logs, she seems to have idled about New York Harbor, at anchor, for a number of weeks and did not sail until 20 June 1918 and arrived at Liverpool on 1 July.
Sailed from Liverpool on 15 July 1918 for New York where she arrived on the 24th, berthing at Pier 62.
Teutonic cleared New York on 16 August 1918, "1.03 p.m. Statue of Liberty abeam," for England. An otherwise unremarkable crossing was punctuated by a fire in the forward fan room at 0300 hrs on the 24th that was extinguished in ten minutes. Off Ireland on the 26th, the destroyers Michael, Morsby and Manners joined the convoy and Teutonic arrived at Liverpool on the 28th, landing four companies of American troops there.
After a short turnaround, Teutonic was again westbound on 5 September 1918 but this time to another once familiar destination for her: Quebec where she arrived on the 14th.
Departing Quebec on 28 September 1918, Teutonic reprised her role as lifesaver when she rescued the crew of Huntscliff (the former DOAL steamer Rufidji (1911/5,442 grt) seized by the British at Simonstown in 1916) which foundered off the coast of Ireland in heavy seas 8-12 October, saving all 90 aboard. Another familiar port for the ship, Queenstown, was reached on the 14th and Teutonic proceeded to Liverpool where she arrived on the 16th, landing Huntscliff's crew.
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H.M.T. Teutonic showing her following her 1919 refitting into a fulltime transport, restored to full White Star Line colours with the company acting as the ship's manager. Credit: titanic inquiry project. |
The White Star liner Teutonic arrived in Southampton Docks this morning from the East via Marseilles, having on board a number of troops from those parts. This the first time the Teutonic has called at Southampton since she sailed from here on April 19th, 1911 from which port trip she then went to Liverpool, and carried on her services until the outbreak of war. She then became a troopship, and is still engaged on that business under the Government.
Southern Daily Echo, 5 November 1919.
"The war to end all wars," had the ironic result of ensuring instead a succession of smaller conflicts in a world suddenly bereft of the empires-- German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman and Russian-- that ordered it for centuries. So it was that one of the supposed victors, Great Britain, found demand for its military, at land and sea, on new fronts well after the Armistice. Its fleet of transports, denuded of the "call ups" of liners and mailships returned to their rightful owners to resume, at least the commerce of The British Empire. So it was that Teutonic, aged and worn, but still stout and speedy, and more importantly, owned by the government, would finally fulfil one last duty and one last envisaged role-- that of a fast transport-- as the last act in her long and eventful life.
Still owned by the Shipping Controller, Teutonic spent the first half of 1919 undergoing a substantial refit to adopt her as a fulltime transport and giving her the appearance that has oft but erroneously attributed to her refit for the Canadian Run in 1911. Put under full White Star management and restored to their colours, H.M.T. Teutonic was reconfigured into a transport that could carry as many as 1,500 soldiers. Her lower promenade deck was plated-in and extended aft as was the aft one-half of the promenaded deck and extensive work done inside to provide messing and lavatory facilities. She was given a new wheehouse replacing her open bridge.
The Teutonic (White Star Line) embarked at the Devonport Dockyard yesterday nearly 1,400 Imperial troops for Port Said. The transport is commanded by Capt. Marshall, D.S.O., and is due to leave for the Mediterranean to-day. The embarkation was expeditiously carried cut, the troops having arrived earlier in the day by special trains. In all 95 officers and 1,248 other ranks joined the liner, the troops including men of the 11th and 20th Hussars and a brigade of artillery. Lady Bols, wife of Maj.-Gen Sir L.J. Bols, and Mr. Gary (United States Consular Service) are also taking passage in the steamer to Egypt.
Western Morning News, 12 July 1919.
Teutonic's initial service as a troop transport was facilitating the epic demobilisation and reassignment of British Forces in the Middle East which included extensive "shuttle" voyages between Egypt (Port Said and Alexandria) and Marseilles.
Towards this end, Teutonic arrived at Port Said on 20 July 1919 and then logged the following port calls: Port Said dep 29 July, Malta call 30th, Marseilles dep. 6 August, Alexandria dep. 13th, Malta call 16th and arrive at Marseilles on 17th. She left Marseilles on the 21st for Alexandria, calling at Malta 23rd and returned at Marseilles on 3 September.
Apparently idle at Marseilles for four weeks, Teutonic resumed service with her departure on 3 October 1919 for Alexandria where she arrived on the 6th. Sailing from there on the 8th, she arrived at Malta on the 11th. With 1,600 men from Salonika and the Middle East, Teutonic sailed direct to Southampton on the 29th where she arrived on the morning of 5 November.
Teutonic sailed from Southampton on 11 December 1919 for Marseilles, passing Gibraltar on the 16 and arriving Alexandria on the 20th. Homewards, she left there on Christmas Eve and from Malta on the 28th
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H.M.T. Teutonic showing her substantially altered superstructure. encyclopedia titanica.org John A. Zdanowicz |
1920
Teutonic arrived at Plymouth on 6 January 1920 with 1,800 troops from Egypt, Malta and Gibraltar including the 1/5th Somerset Light Infantry. She arrived at Liverpool on the 8th.
Due to sail from Liverpool on the afternoon of 21 January 1920 with 900 officers and other ranks of the Highland Light Infantry for Gibraltar, Malta, Port Said and Alexandria, Teutonic was not going anywhere when 150 of her firemen, who had signed on the previous day, went on strike. "Their complaint is that the accommodation on the vessel is not equal to that they are entitled to, and they contend that the coolies who brought the vessel from Egypt to this country are being provided with better quarters on the return voyage than the Britons who have to work the ship." (Glasgow Herald, 22 January 1920). The ships's seamen also went out in sympathy.
A deadlock occurred, and at five o'clock the firemen, who numbered about eighty, came ashore, followed by the sailors, who adopted a sympathetic attitude towards the firemen. Lengthy efforts were made to settle the dispute, but without avail. At a quarter-past seven o'clock the Teutonic, with the help of some of the soldiers aboard, was moved into mid-river, where she lay at anchor pending the decision of the authorities as to the course to be taken under the circumstances.
Liverpool Daily Post, 22 January 1920.
When alternate accommodation was provided for the firemen, the crew rejoined the ship at 8:00 a.m. on 23 January 1920, and Teutonic sailed at 2:00 p.m. for the Mediterranean. The Liverpool Journal of Commerce reminded their readers that Teutonic "was formerly one of the crack White Star liners." Calling at Gibraltar on 27 January 1920 Teutonic arrived at Alexandria on 6 February. Homeward she left on the 10th, calling at Malta on the 14th and Gibraltar on the 17-18th and returned to Liverpool on the 23rd.
Initially for Bombay, Teutonic sailed from Liverpool on 8 March 1920, passed Gibraltar 12 March and called at Port Said on the 18th but plans to continue to India were apparently cancelled for on the 21st she left Alexandria to return to Liverpool where she docked on the 31st.
On 20 April 1920 it was reported that the Ministry of Shipping was asking for tenders for Teutonic, "… the grand old ship will probably go to the shipbreakers unless a foreign company buys her." (Evening News, 20 April 1920). In the event, there were either no takers and Teutonic, now long impervious to such insults, carried on as usual.
Teutonic cleared Liverpool on 4 May 1920 for Alexandria, calling at Malta on the 11th and arriving on the 14th. Departing Alexandria on the 18th, on departure from Malta on the 22nd, one of the soldiers fell overboard, "he was, however, a good swimmer, and keeping himself afloat, was picked up by one of the ship's boats." (Liverpool Echo, 29 May 1920). Passing Gibraltar on the 25th, Teutonic returned to Liverpool on the 29 May 1920 with 200 officers, 212 other ranks and 90 naval personnel with Lt.-Col. A.C. Jaffs (Westminster Dragoons) the Officer-in-Charge. Among the men were 35 officers and 50 other ranks who had been in Russia assisting the White Russians in the civil war against the Bolsheviks. Also returning was a contingent of the Z Squadron, Royal Air Force, returning from a punitive expedition against Dervishes in Somaliland.

One of a remarkable seven fires that the Liverpool Fire Brigade had to deal with on 8 June 1920 broke out at 11:00 p.m. in one of Teutonic's boiler rooms whilst lying in Canada Dock. "An outbreak of fire occurred on the White Star liner Teutonic lying in the Canada Dock, Liverpool. The fire and quickly originated above to the boiler stokers' house, spread to their galley. Then it went to the officers' quarters, above which it burnt a hole through the upper deck. After an hour's struggle the fire brigade gained control of the flames. Considerable damage was done, especially in the officers' quarters, where some furniture was destroyed. The ship will require some time to be refitted." (The Sunday People, 13 June 1920).

In the event, Teutonic was able to sail on time on her next, and supposed last voyage of the trooping season to the east. With 1,100 officers and other ranks as well as naval personnel, bound for Gibraltar, Malta and Egypt, she sailed from Liverpool on 15 June 1920, and was the last transport to leave port before the trooping season ended for the monsoon season the the east. Clearing Gibraltar on the 19th and when arriving at Malta on the 22nd, was described as being "packed with troops," so much so that she could not take aboard the 2nd Bat. Essex Reg., under urgent orders to proceed to Constantinople. Teutonic arrived at Alexandria on the 24th. Two new ports for her, at age 31, Constantinople and Constantia, beckoned on her sailing from Alexandria on 1 July. She arrived at Constantinople on the 3rd
Homewards, Teutonic cleared Constantinople on 6 July 1920 and calling at Malta on the 11th and passing Gibraltar on the 14th, arrived at Liverpool on the 18th. "About 400 officers and men were disembarked… from the Teutonic, which arrived in the Mersey on Sunday from the Black Sea. Some of the men had married Russian girls whilst on foreign service." (Hull Daily Mail, 20 July). Half a dozen Russian wives were among those disembarking. 'They make good wives and are very industrious and clean,' said one of the soldiers who had been stationed in the Crimea. ' Many of the Russian women are great admirers of everything British since they made the acquaintance of our men, and. are very anxious to come to England, which they imagine must be a perfct Paradise as a place of residence compared with Russia.'
International events prevailing meant Teutonic would not be "done for the season," and on 31 July 1920 she sailed from Liverpool for Port Said, passing Gibraltar on 4 August, called at Malta on the 8th and arriving at Alexandria on the 11th. She left there on the 18th, called at Constantinople on the 21st and passed out of Gibraltar on the 29th, returning to Liverpool on 2 September. This would prove the very last regular troop transport departure from the Mersey with all ensuing movements from Southampton and Plymouth.
Leviathans of a day long past, like the old White Star flyer Teutonic, which is also for disposal. The Ministry of Shipping have longer any use for the Teutonic or Orotava, apparently, and they will pass to new owners or the breakers' yard. What memories the mention of the Teutonic arouses! When she first came to Southampton she had a fame which forever will be associated with her. As far back as 1889 she was at the Naval Review at Spithead, but no one thought at that time that the White Star Line would send their chief ships to Southampton. She has lately been doing good work as a transport, and although no longer the property of the White Star Line, she is seldom referred to other than as the White Star liner Teutonic.
Southampton Times and Hampshire Express, 21 August 1920.
Amid another flurry of rumours regarding her imminent demise, Teutonic was then laid up at Canada Tongue berth, Liverpool until the onset of the transport season in autumn.
Not yet done and roused from lay-up, Teutonic left Liverpool on 13 November 1920 for Southampton, arriving there on the 15th. Destined again for Egypt, she sailed on the 18th. Calling at Gibraltar on the 21st, Teutonic got into Alexandria on the 26th. Homewards from Constantinople and Alexandria on 3 December, she called at Gibraltar on the 9th and berthed at Southampton, no. 34, at 9:00 a.m. on the 13th, landing 1,440 officers and other ranks of the Highland Light Infantry, detachments of the R.M.L.I, R.A.F, Royal Artillery and some Australians.
The stalwart transport sailed from Southampton on 23 December 1920 with 122 officers and 1,240 other ranks (Army, Navy and R.A.F.) for Alexandria, via Gibraltar. Among them were men bound to join H.M.S. Iron Duke, flagship of the Mediterranean fleet.
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Credit: The Graphic, 7 August 1920. |
1921
Calling at Gibraltar on 28 December 1920, Teutonic rang in 1921 and her 32nd year in service on arrival at Alexandria on 3 January 1921. Leaving there on the 8th, "for Constantinople, Malta and Southampton," Teutonic left Constantinople on the 14th, called at Malta on the 16th and cleared Gibraltar on the 20th. Arriving off the Isle of Wight on the evening of the 23rd, she anchored off Cowes for the night and came up the Solent to dock at Berth 39 berth at Southampton at 8:30 a.m. the following morning.
She came from Constantinople, Malta, and Gibraltar, and had on board about 1,380 officers and men of various units.
Within few days she will go into dry dock for overhaul, and will then be prepared for further trooping service in the Mediterranean, with Southampton as her home base.
On her last voyage eastward from Southampton she took from Gibraltar to Malta the Countess of Medina, formerly the Counterss Nada Torby, daughter of the Grand Duke Michael, whose husband is gunnery lieutenant on H.M.S. Cardiff, flagship to the third light cruiser squadron.
Southern Daily Echo, 24 January 1921.
H.M.T. Teutonic cleared Southampton Water the afternoon of 8 February 1921 for Gibraltar, Malta, Alexandria and Constantinople with 102 officers, 49 warrant officers and 1,207 other ranks. Among them were 137 R.A.F. personnel and 93 naval ratings. Calling at Gibraltar on the 12-13th, Malta (15th), Teutonic arrived at Alexandria on the 18th, departing on the 24th. She left Constantinople on 1 March, paused at Malta on the 4th, called at Gibraltar on the 7th and arrived at Southampton on the morning of the 10th, landing over 1,000 officers and other ranks.
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Credit: Western Morning News, 21 April 1921. |
Teutonic sailed from Southampton on 23 March 1921 "for Bombay." Passing Gibraltar on the 26th, calling at Malta on the 29th and arriving at Alexandria on the 31st, Teutonic proceeded on 6 April to Constantinople. Plans to proceed to Bombay apparently scrubbed, Teutonic left Constantinople on the 10th for home, calling at Malta on the 13-14th where she embarked the 1st Loyal Regt. (North Lancashire) and made straight for Plymouth where she arrived the evening of the 19th and landed her troops the following morning. Also aboard were two lion cubs, Mary and Abdullah, from Somaliland, a gift to the London Zoo by Governor Sir Godfrey Archer, who were accommodated in large pens built for them on the Boat Deck with a Somali keeper to look after them. Also aboard were two lion cubs from Somaliland, a gift to the London Zoo by Governor Sir Godfrey Archer. Teutonic arrived at Southampton on the 21st, docking at berth 33 at 10:45 a.m..
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Ending her final voyage, Teutonic landed troops at Southampton on 21 April 1921. Credit: Western Morning News, 21 April 1921. |
This would prove to be Teutonic's final voyage. Although stated to have sailed from Southampton "to Falmouth" on 26 April 1921, her arrival there is not known. On 31 May H.M. Government advertised her "at Falmouth" as being for sale as well as Himalaya and Orotava. The previous day Teutonic was reported to be "at Cowes Roads," and ironically would end her days in Britain at the sight of her first triumph almost exactly 32 years previously.
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Credit: The Guardian 31 May 1921 |
Many thousands of travellers scattered over the world's surface will hear of the Teutonic's impending fate with a sense of personal loss.
Liverpool Echo, 13 August 1921.
In her own day the Teutonic, which is to be broken up, was considered the last word in luxurious ocean traveling. One of her passengers on the trial trip said that great liners were often called doting hotels; the Teutonic seemed to him to have all the convenience and comfort of a Pall Mall clubhouse. When, on July 27th, 1889, 'wrote an onlooker, the Teutonic first appeared to there were few among the many experienced public view, as she lay anchored off Holyhead, critics present who did not frankly confess their ideal of symmetry surpassed.'
Liverpool Daily Post, 15 August 1921.

The sale of Teutonic to the Dutch shipbreakers Messrs. Holland Co. Ltd. of Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht was reported on 12 August 1921. She would be towed from Cowes Roads to Holland by tugs of Messrs. L. Smit and Co.. Indeed, she left in tow under two Smit tugs that very day "for Rotterdam," but instead arrived at Antwerp on the 14th. Teutonic was again sold in September to German breakers and scrapped in Emden, ironically her first and final landfall in her namesake region.
There is little room for sentiment in business, but there are many people in 'Southampton, Liverpool, and New York who will regret to know that the Teutonic left Cowes Roads on Saturday to he broken up. It seems a most inappropriate: ending to a fine career. One could almost wish that when the Dutch get hold of the ship they will change their minds and give her a further period of service. The Teutonic has a place of her own in the record of ocean progress, and to the people of Southampton she will long be a favourite theme of discussion. She was one of the first four ships with which the White Star Line opened their Southampton service that important development in Channel traffic that has meant so much to the port.
Southampton Times & Hampshire Express, 20 August 1921.
The Teutonic was then 32 years old. She had outlived her sister by seven years and had lived to see her place taken on the express service by a ship four times her tonnage. As she was towed away by the Dutch tugs she may have look old-fashioned but still carried her air of graceful nobility. Her name is not likely to be revived but it will be always live in the annals of the Atlantic ferry. J.H. Isherwood, Sea Breezes, July 1953.
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R.M.S. Teutonic, The Pride of The Ismay Line, stands out to sea. Credit: eBay auction photo. |
R.M.S. Teutonic 1889-1914
289 westbound crossings completed
289 eastbound crossings completed
1,750,762 nautical miles steamed
238,059 westbound passengers carried
142,572 eastbound passengers carried
380,635 total passengers carried
Record crossings:
Westbound 12-19 August 1891
5 days 16 hours 31 mins
Eastbound 21-27 October 1891
5 days 21 hours 3 mins
Built by Harland & Wolff Shipbuilders, Belfast no. 208
Gross tonnage 9,686 (as built)
Length: (o.a.) 582 ft.
(b.p.) 565 ft. 8 ins.
Beam: 57 ft. 8 ins.
Machinery: twin three-cylinder (43", 68", 110" dia) 60" stroke triple-
expansion engines 17,500 ihp, twin-screw
Speed: 20 knots service
Passengers 300 First 175 Second 850 Third
550 Cabin (Second) 1,000 Third (1911)
Officers & Crew 300
Armed Merchant Cruiser, Their Epic Story, Peter Plowman, 1985
The Atlantic Ferry, Arthur J. Maginnis, 1892
Merchant Fleets, White Star Line, Duncan Haws, 1990
Ships and Ships Models, Frank C. Bowen, 1933
Ships of the White Star Line, Richard de Kerbrech, 2009
The Ismay Line, Wilton J. Oldham, 1961
White Star, Roy Anderson, 1964
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https://www.maritimequest.com/liners/teutonic_1889.htm
https://www.naval-history.net/OWShips-WW1-08-HMS_Teutonic.htm
https://www.loc.gov/pictures/
https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime-museumhttps://www.marinersmuseum.org/
https://www.rmg.co.uk/national-maritime-museum
https://www.shipsnostalgia.com/
https://collections.nationalmuseumsni.org/results
https://www.tathamhistory.org.uk/
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At Sea, Happy Aboard R.M.S. Teutonic. Credit: topfoto |
© Peter C. Kohler